Summary Of "History Of Political Science" By Julio Pinto: UNIVERSITY SUMMARIES

By MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU

The beginnings of Political Science: behaviorism and logical positivism. Easton's systemic theory. Schumpeter's empirical democracy. The theory of rational choice. Downs and the voter paradox. Olson and the logic of collective action. Italian Political Science: Bobbio and Sartori. Comparative politics: Rokkan and Lipjhart.

• Language: English
• Publisher: BOOKS AND SUMMARIES BY MAURICIO FAU
• Release date: Oct 26, 2021
• ISBN: 9798201956592

MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU

Mauricio Enrique Fau nació en Buenos Aires en 1965. Se recibió de Licenciado en Ciencia Política en la Universidad de Buenos Aires. Cursó también Derecho en la UBA y Periodismo en la Universidad de Morón. Realizó estudios en FLACSO Argentina. Docente de la UBA y AUTOR DE MÁS DE 3.000 RESÚMENES de Psicología, Sociología, Ciencia Política, Antropología, Derecho, Historia, Epistemología, Lógica, Filosofía, Economía, Semiología, Educación y demás disciplinas de las Ciencias Sociales. Desde 2005 dirige La Bisagra Editorial, especializada en técnicas de estudio y materiales que facilitan la transición desde la escuela secundaria a la universidad. Por intermedio de La Bisagra publicó 38 libros. Participa en diversas ferias del libro, entre ellas la Feria Internacional del Libro de Buenos Aires y la FIL Guadalajara.

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Summary Of History Of Political Science By Julio Pinto

UNIVERSITY SUMMARIES

MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU

Published by BOOKS AND SUMMARIES BY MAURICIO FAU, 2021.

While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein.

SUMMARY OF HISTORY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE BY JULIO PINTO

First edition. October 26, 2021.

Copyright © 2021 MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU.

ISBN: 979-8201956592

Written by MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU.

Table of Contents

Title Page

Copyright Page

Pinto, Julio

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Further Reading: Summary Of Historiographic Discourse By Barthes, Certeau, Chartier And Others

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About the Author

About the Publisher

Pinto, Julio

POLITICAL SCIENCE: ITS HISTORICAL EVOLUTION UP TO THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

KUHN says that all science (natural or social) is governed by a PARADIGM. When an anomaly occurs, the theory no longer serves to explain reality, thus producing a scientific revolution and the appearance of a new paradigm, which displaces the previous one and is accepted by scientists.

Kuhn is saying that, even in the natural sciences, there are prejudices. The paradigm says what, how, when and with what methods and tools it is studied. Empirical evidence is not objective but intersubjective, since it is guided by the conceptual framework given by the dominant paradigm.

Therefore, what positivism says is false, that knowledge is cumulative. Knowledge only accumulates within the same paradigm (normal science), but when one goes from one paradigm to another (appearance of anomalies, that is, phenomena that the paradigm cannot explain) there is a break and not a continuity. At the moment of crisis of the paradigm, normal science is replaced by extraordinary science, which proposes the reexamination of the contents of the paradigm (since no paradigm allows self-criticism), without being influenced by it.

WOLIN argues that there are also POLITICAL PARADIGMS: the theories of Aristotle, Saint Thomas, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Marx, etc. For Wolin, the paradigm crisis occurs in society, rather than in the scientific community.

The fall of the Greek polis, the medieval struggles between the Church and temporal power, the emergence of national states, the English and industrial revolutions, etc., are examples of historical crises in which new paradigms and new theories arise that pose a new political order.

Extraordinary science is the product, not only of the crisis of the scientific paradigm, but of the CRISIS OF SOCIETY. Because in the face of crisis, political theory and philosophy tend to discern possible worlds rather than analyze real worlds (that is, change predominates and not stability).

IN A FIRST APPROACH, POLITICAL SCIENCE IS THE STUDY OF POLITICAL PHENOMENA AND STRUCTURES, WITH SYSTEMATIC RIGOR, SUPPORTED BY FACTS AND WITH RATIONAL ARGUMENTS

SCIENCE IS THE OPPOSITE of opinion, it means not abandoning yourself to the beliefs of the common people, not making judgments based on unproven data. This is the DEFINITION IN THE BROAD SENSE, by Bobbio.

POLITICAL SCIENCE was born from Western political contributions, reflections and experiences. From Aristotle, through Machiavelli, Weber and contemporary political scientists, the OBJECT of political analysis was POWER, its modes of acquisition and use, its concentration and distribution, its origin and the legitimacy of its exercise.

In a second moment, power begins to be displaced by the STATE as the first place of analysis. In Machiavelli and Hobbes, the problem is to create a political order through the control of power within defined borders, in Locke, the creation of a pluralist state, in Tocqueville, democratic, in Hegel, strong, in Kelsen, a State capable of securing a compromise, and in Schmitt, capable of governing the emergency.

Around 1950, the object of Political Science could no longer be power (because there are non-political powers) or the State (because there are societies without a State). Power also speaks of conflict, but says little about collaboration, coalition, consensus.

Thus, POLITICS, according to Easton, is the imperative assignment of values ​​for a society, and the place of politics will be the POLITICAL SYSTEM, "a system of interactions abstracted from the totality of social behaviors, through which values ​​are assigned imperatively for a society. It is an organicist conception of the political, focused more on social self-regulation than on the institutional action of the State.

The great traditions of current research: emergence and rise of the behaviorist paradigm in the United States. The successful transfer of logical positivism to America

The LOGICAL POSITIVISM OR NEOPOSITIVISM, arising from Germany, is associated in the American exile with the Anglo-Saxon Analytical Philosophy, whose main conviction is that PHILOSOPHY HAS FOR VOCATION THE ANALYSIS OF SCIENTIFIC LANGUAGE, IN ORDER TO SPECIFY THE SENSE OF THE CONCEPTS, POLICIES, AND THEMES that is to say, epistemology, which studies the conditions of verification of the hypotheses, the legitimacy of the conclusions and the meaning of the expressions used.

In the Vienna Circle, Carnap, Naurath and Popper stood out, who will establish the falsification criterion: only the propositions that can be empirically put to the test are scientific, allowing the possibility of demonstrating their eventual falsehood, instead of accepting as Hempel the existence of general laws in which subsequent knowledge must be subsumed.

BASIC PREMISES OF LOGICAL POSITIVISM

• RATIONALISM as opposition to irrationalism: only statements, whose contents can be controlled by means accessible to all, can