Summary: What Is Argumentation?: UNIVERSITY SUMMARIES

By MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU

The ARGUMENT is basically a PROCESS in which elements of judgment are presented in favor of an explanation. An Argument is a series of connected statements that are presented by the issuer as favorable judgments to the truth of another statement. We have summarized the essentials of THE ARGUMENT AS A SUBJECT OF STUDY, by Sonia Durand and Roberto Aguirre.

• Language: English
• Publisher: BOOKS AND SUMMARIES BY MAURICIO FAU
• Release date: Oct 18, 2021
• ISBN: 9798201967406

MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU

Mauricio Enrique Fau nació en Buenos Aires en 1965. Se recibió de Licenciado en Ciencia Política en la Universidad de Buenos Aires. Cursó también Derecho en la UBA y Periodismo en la Universidad de Morón. Realizó estudios en FLACSO Argentina. Docente de la UBA y AUTOR DE MÁS DE 3.000 RESÚMENES de Psicología, Sociología, Ciencia Política, Antropología, Derecho, Historia, Epistemología, Lógica, Filosofía, Economía, Semiología, Educación y demás disciplinas de las Ciencias Sociales. Desde 2005 dirige La Bisagra Editorial, especializada en técnicas de estudio y materiales que facilitan la transición desde la escuela secundaria a la universidad. Por intermedio de La Bisagra publicó 38 libros. Participa en diversas ferias del libro, entre ellas la Feria Internacional del Libro de Buenos Aires y la FIL Guadalajara.

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Summary: What Is Argumentation?

UNIVERSITY SUMMARIES

MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU

Published by BOOKS AND SUMMARIES BY MAURICIO FAU, 2021.

While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein.

SUMMARY: WHAT IS ARGUMENTATION?

First edition. October 18, 2021.

Copyright © 2021 MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU.

ISBN: 979-8201967406

Written by MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU.

Table of Contents

Title Page

Copyright Page

Durand, Sonia & Aguirre, Roberto

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Further Reading: What Is Abduction?

Also By MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU

About the Author

About the Publisher

Durand, Sonia & Aguirre, Roberto

THE ARGUMENT AS A SUBJECT OF STUDY

The ARGUMENT is basically a PROCESS in which elements of judgment are presented in favor of an explanation. An Argument is a series of connected statements that are presented by the issuer as favorable judgments to the truth of another statement. Argument can be considered from other perspectives:

ARGUMENTATION

• As a PROCESS, a way of arguing by communicating. This field is the one that RHETORIC addresses.

• As a SPECIAL PROCEDURE that considers the issue of validity

• As a PRODUCT that gives rise to arguments whose validity depends on its FORM. This aspect is investigated by LOGIC.

1. THE LOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

Treating the subject of argumentation from the perspective of logic requires outlining the development of this discipline.

1.1 LOGICAL SYSTEMS

In the 4th century BC, Aristotle gathers in the Organon the opinion of all his predecessors and lays the foundations of logic. Aristotelian logic predominated until the end of the 19th century, when Giuseppe Peano and Gottlob Frege reformulated it. In the 1910s, logic was linked to mathematics –Wuitehead, Russell– and was structured based on the axiomatized deductive system –proprietary of mathematics–. A LOGICAL SYSTEM is one that can be applied to reasoning regardless of its content, that is, its FORM.

LOGIC SYSTEMS

• Traditional Logic: Aristotle's syllogistics.

• Classic Logic: Calculation of sentences and predicates –Frege, Russell,

Whitehead–.

• Inductive Logics: based on the calculation of probabilities.

• Divergent Logics: Part of different axioms and rules than logic

classical.

Plurivalent Logics: accept more than two truth values.

Free logic: they create valid systems for every possible kind of world.

Fuzzy logic: takes infinite truth values

• Extended Logics: they incorporate a new logical vocabulary.

Modal logics: they incorporate the operators 'possible' and

'necessary'.

Deontic logics: incorporates the 'must' operators

and 'may'.

Epistemic logics: incorporates the operators 'believe',

'know', 'suppose', etc.

1.2 TYPES OF ARGUMENTS

The arguments can be of different types:

LOGICAL STRUCTURES

The logical structures are:

LOGICAL STRUCTURES

• TERMS: elementary structures that according to a convention are represented by means of signs

• PROPOSITION: it is a structure made up of terms, whose function is to preach something about the entities represented by the terms, therefore it must be TRUE CARRIER. Do not confuse proposition with statement: a proposition can be expressed by means of different sentences, for example, 'The table is brown', 'The table is brown' –two different sentences, a single proposition.

• REASONING: –or Argument– is a structure composed of propositions, which has a premise –one or more– and a conclusion. The conclusion is based on the premise / s.

THE ARGUMENTS CAN BE classified, according to logic, in: deduction, induction and