Summary Of "The Open Society And Its Enemies" By Karl Popper: UNIVERSITY SUMMARIES

By MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU

We have summarized here the essential of this book by the author.
THE OPEN SOCIETY AND ITS ENEMIES

THE OPEN SOCIETY, THE OPEN UNIVERSE

Tolerance and intellectual responsibility

Popper argues INTELLECTUALS, for thousands of years, HAVE CAUSED the most horrible damage: KILLING IN THE NAME OF AN IDEA OR A THEORY.
The most important of the Ten Commandments says: "You shall not kill". But, especially after Christianity became a state religion, there has been a terrible history of religious persecutions, persecutions in defense of orthodoxy.
Later, in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, other ideological foundations came to justify persecution, cruelty and terror: nationality, race, political orthodoxies, other religions. Hidden in the idea of orthodoxy and in heresy are those vices to which intellectuals are especially prone: arrogance, pedantry, intellectual presumption.

• Language: English
• Publisher: BOOKS AND SUMMARIES BY MAURICIO FAU
• Release date: Jan 13, 2022
• ISBN: 9798201359300

MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU

Mauricio Enrique Fau nació en Buenos Aires en 1965. Se recibió de Licenciado en Ciencia Política en la Universidad de Buenos Aires. Cursó también Derecho en la UBA y Periodismo en la Universidad de Morón. Realizó estudios en FLACSO Argentina. Docente de la UBA y AUTOR DE MÁS DE 3.000 RESÚMENES de Psicología, Sociología, Ciencia Política, Antropología, Derecho, Historia, Epistemología, Lógica, Filosofía, Economía, Semiología, Educación y demás disciplinas de las Ciencias Sociales. Desde 2005 dirige La Bisagra Editorial, especializada en técnicas de estudio y materiales que facilitan la transición desde la escuela secundaria a la universidad. Por intermedio de La Bisagra publicó 38 libros. Participa en diversas ferias del libro, entre ellas la Feria Internacional del Libro de Buenos Aires y la FIL Guadalajara.

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Summary Of The Open Society And Its Enemies By Karl Popper

UNIVERSITY SUMMARIES

MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU

Published by BOOKS AND SUMMARIES BY MAURICIO FAU, 2022.

While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein.

SUMMARY OF THE OPEN SOCIETY AND ITS ENEMIES BY KARL POPPER

First edition. January 13, 2022.

Copyright © 2022 MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU.

ISBN: 979-8201359300

Written by MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU.

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Popper, Karl | THE OPEN SOCIETY AND ITS ENEMIES | THE OPEN SOCIETY, THE OPEN UNIVERSE

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Popper, Karl

THE OPEN SOCIETY AND ITS ENEMIES

THE OPEN SOCIETY, THE OPEN UNIVERSE

Tolerance and intellectual responsibility

Popper argues that INTELLECTUALS, for thousands of years, HAVE CAUSED the most horrible damage: KILLINGS IN THE NAME OF AN IDEA, OF A THEORY.

The most important of the Ten Commandments says: You shall not kill. But, especially after Christianity became a state religion, there has been a terrible history of religious persecutions, persecutions in defense of orthodoxy.

Later, in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, other ideological foundations came to justify persecution, cruelty and terror: nationality, race, political orthodoxies, other religions. Hidden in the idea of ​​orthodoxy and in heresy are those vices to which intellectuals are especially prone: arrogance, pedantry, intellectual presumption.

Voltaire asks: What is tolerance? And he responds: Tolerance is the necessary consequence of the understanding that we are people. To make mistakes is human, and all of us make continuous mistakes. Therefore, let us forgive each other our foolishness . Voltaire appeals to our intellectual honesty: we must recognize our mistakes, our fallibility, our ignorance.

THE ONLY LIMIT THAT TOLERANCE HAS IS INTOLERANCE; IF WE ADMIT THE INTOLERANCE CLAIM TO BE TOLERATED, THEN WE DESTROY TOLERANCE AND THE RULE OF LAW

IN ADDITION TO INTOLERANCE, there are other nonsense that we should not tolerate: among them, relativism. RELATIVISM IS THE POSTURE ACCORDING TO WHICH ALL INTELLECTUAL THESES ARE MORE OR LESS JUSTIFIABLE. EVERYTHING IS PERMITTED.

AGAINST RELATIVISM, POPPER OPPOSES CRITICAL PLURALISM.

Relativism is the position according to which everything is true, or nothing; truth is meaningless. Critical pluralism, on the other hand, is the position according to which, in the interests of the search for truth, every theory must be admitted in competition with other theories.

THE MORE THEORIES, THE BETTER. THE THEORY WHICH IN CRITICAL DISCUSSION SEEMS TO GET CLOSER TO THE TRUTH IS THE BEST; And the best theory eliminates the worst

THEREFORE, TO DISTINGUISH critical pluralism from relativism, the idea of ​​objective truth and the idea of ​​the search for truth are of decisive importance.

The first man to develop a theory of truth, linking the idea of ​​objective truth with the idea of ​​our essential human fallibility, was the pre-Socratic philosopher Xenophanes, who was probably born in 571 BC, in Ionia, Asia Minor.

XENOPHANES WAS THE FOUNDER OF A TRADITION, of