What Is Abduction?: UNIVERSITY SUMMARIES

By MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU

Abduction is a type of reasoning that has many antecedents. In The Sign of Three, Umberto Eco mentions the works of the semiologist Charles Peirce and the crime novels of Edgar Allan Poe and Arthur Conan Doyle (creator of Sherlock Holmes). Popper recognized that his idea of science as a field of "conjecture and refutations" had already been raised by Peirce. According to Javier Flax, scientific rationality is limited if it only uses deduction, induction and instrumental rationality (adapting means to ends). That is why ABDUCTION PROVIDES A CONJETURAL MODEL OF RECONSTRUCTION OF A PARTICULAR FACT. To address the question, we have summarized the essentials of "The abduction: conjectures on how to know the complexity of the singularity", by Javier Flax.

• Language: English
• Publisher: BOOKS AND SUMMARIES BY MAURICIO FAU
• Release date: Oct 18, 2021
• ISBN: 9798201726591

MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU

Mauricio Enrique Fau nació en Buenos Aires en 1965. Se recibió de Licenciado en Ciencia Política en la Universidad de Buenos Aires. Cursó también Derecho en la UBA y Periodismo en la Universidad de Morón. Realizó estudios en FLACSO Argentina. Docente de la UBA y AUTOR DE MÁS DE 3.000 RESÚMENES de Psicología, Sociología, Ciencia Política, Antropología, Derecho, Historia, Epistemología, Lógica, Filosofía, Economía, Semiología, Educación y demás disciplinas de las Ciencias Sociales. Desde 2005 dirige La Bisagra Editorial, especializada en técnicas de estudio y materiales que facilitan la transición desde la escuela secundaria a la universidad. Por intermedio de La Bisagra publicó 38 libros. Participa en diversas ferias del libro, entre ellas la Feria Internacional del Libro de Buenos Aires y la FIL Guadalajara.

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What Is Abduction?

UNIVERSITY SUMMARIES

MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU

Published by BOOKS AND SUMMARIES BY MAURICIO FAU, 2021.

While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein.

WHAT IS ABDUCTION?

First edition. October 18, 2021.

Copyright © 2021 MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU.

ISBN: 979-8201726591

Written by MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU.

Table of Contents

Title Page

Copyright Page

Flax, Javier

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Further Reading: What Is Structuralism?

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About the Author

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Flax, Javier

ABDUCTION: CONJECTURES ABOUT HOW TO KNOW THE COMPLEXITY OF SINGULARITY

THE INTELLIGENT DETECTIVES METHOD

Abduction is a type of reasoning that has many antecedents. In The Sign of Three, Umberto Eco mentions the works of the semiologist Charles Peirce and the crime novels of Edgar Allan Poe and Arthur Conan Doyle (creator of Sherlock Holmes).

Popper recognized that his idea of ​​science as a field of conjecture and refutations had already been raised by Peirce.

According to Flax, scientific rationality is limited if it only uses deduction, induction and instrumental rationality (adapting means to ends). That is why ABDUCTION PROVIDES A CONJETURAL MODEL OF RECONSTRUCTION OF A PARTICULAR FACT. THIS IS WHAT HISTORIANS DO, FOR EXAMPLE: as a judge does, the historian uses testimonies and evidence that allow him to reconstruct the puzzle of what happened, making conjectures, that is, assumptions. Through cross-examination and new pieces of evidence, the puzzle is reassembled as many times as necessary, until the pieces fit the evidence exactly. When that happens, the conjecture is taken for granted.

Carlo Guinzburg talks about how DOCTORS ALSO USE ABDUCTION. He argues that the roots of semiotics are in ancient medical books. Symptoms are just signs that allow the doctor to make a diagnosis. The point is that it is not simply a matter of placing each symptom under a rule and administering the corresponding pill, but of joining all the pieces, that is, the signs, that the patient presents, in its various facets, including family, work, or housing, etc. In this way, the diagnosis will be personalized, respecting the uniqueness of the patient.

For Peirce, medicine is the antecedent of semiotics. And it is not by chance that Sherlock Colmes had a lot of medical knowledge. And Conan Doyle, the author of it, practiced medicine.

The differences between deduction, induction and abduction

PEIRCE: THE THREE FORMS OF REASONING

 DEDUCTION  depends on our confidence in the ability to analyze the meaning of the signs with which we think

 INDUCTION  depends on our confidence that the course of a type of experience does not change or end

 ABDUCTION  depends on our hope of guessing the conditions under which a phenomenon will appear

ABDUCTION IS THE MOST PRODUCTIVE AND IMAGINATIVE, BUT ALSO THE MOST UNSAFE

WHILE INDUCTION SEARCHES FACTS, ABDUCTION SEARCHES THEORY. IN ABDUCTION THE CONSIDERATION OF THE FACTS SUGGESTS THE HYPOTHESIS

In DEDUCTION, one starts from a general statement –RULES–. Then a CASE of the rule is considered, and we infer a conclusion –RESULT–. Example:

All men are mortal RULE

Socrates is a man CASE

Therefore, Socrates is deadly RESULT

In INDUCTION, one starts from a CASE, a certain property is found, a certain RESULT is reached and the