Wolfgang Köhler: Selected Summaries: SELECTED SUMMARIES

By MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU

We have summarized here the essential of this book by author.

The work of this German psychologist who emigrated to the USA is fundamental to understanding gestalt theory. In this short essay, we analyze the general aspects of the psychology of form, paying particular attention to the study that this author carried out on the behavior of chimpanzees.

• Language: English
• Publisher: BOOKS AND SUMMARIES BY MAURICIO FAU
• Release date: Dec 3, 2021
• ISBN: 9798201055356

MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU

Mauricio Enrique Fau nació en Buenos Aires en 1965. Se recibió de Licenciado en Ciencia Política en la Universidad de Buenos Aires. Cursó también Derecho en la UBA y Periodismo en la Universidad de Morón. Realizó estudios en FLACSO Argentina. Docente de la UBA y AUTOR DE MÁS DE 3.000 RESÚMENES de Psicología, Sociología, Ciencia Política, Antropología, Derecho, Historia, Epistemología, Lógica, Filosofía, Economía, Semiología, Educación y demás disciplinas de las Ciencias Sociales. Desde 2005 dirige La Bisagra Editorial, especializada en técnicas de estudio y materiales que facilitan la transición desde la escuela secundaria a la universidad. Por intermedio de La Bisagra publicó 38 libros. Participa en diversas ferias del libro, entre ellas la Feria Internacional del Libro de Buenos Aires y la FIL Guadalajara.

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Wolfgang Köhler: Selected Summaries

SELECTED SUMMARIES

MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU

Published by BOOKS AND SUMMARIES BY MAURICIO FAU, 2021.

While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein.

WOLFGANG KÖHLER: SELECTED SUMMARIES

First edition. December 3, 2021.

Copyright © 2021 MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU.

ISBN: 979-8201055356

Written by MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU.

Table of Contents

Title Page

Copyright Page

Köhler[1], Wolfgang

CONCLUSION

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Further Reading: Umberto Eco: Selected Summaries

Also By MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU

About the Author

About the Publisher

Köhler[1], Wolfgang

EXPERIMENTS ON THE INTELLIGENCE OF CHIMPANCES

INTRODUCTION

Taking into account body chemistry and brain structure, anthropoid monkeys are closer to man than to other species of monkeys.

This is why the observation of anthropoids can be used to analyze intelligent behaviors under simple conditions, which are the ones that interest Köhler in this research and which are difficult to find in humans.

WHAT IS IN DISCUSSION IS WHETHER ANTHROPOIDS HAVE INTELLIGENT BEHAVIOR OR NOT

IF AN ANIMAL OR A MAN ACHIEVES AN OBJECTIVE THROUGH A DIRECT PROCEDURE that does not bring any problems to your organization, WE CANNOT speak of INTELLIGENT CONDUCT in this case.

But WHEN in a situation there are no possibilities of obtaining something through the direct and natural way and IT IS NECESSARY TO MAKE A ROUNDING suitable to such circumstance, here WE DO HAVE AN INTELLIGENT BEHAVIOR.

In the experiments that we will see, the possibility of solving the problem by the direct way is always closed and what IS OBSERVED is IF THE ANIMAL CAN REACH THE SOLUTION BY THE INDIRECT PATH, which will indicate to us, if it is positive, that it is intelligent behavior.

Between 1912 and 1920, Köhler worked with nine chimpanzees on the island of Tenerife. The characteristics of two of them are described here: Nueva and Koko.

NUEVA is a young female, with a flat face, not very beautiful and with hair and skin in poor condition. Despite being ugly, she is sweet and friendly, trusting and naive, and she endures a slowly progressing illness playing calmly.

For a few months, Nueva had been isolated. Among her customs was that of eating her excrement and when she challenged her for that she was surprised first and was outraged after her, since she was not used to any kind of education. She was the least educated of the group.

KOKO was a normal chimpanzee, three years old, with a rounded abdomen, a beautiful face, a pointed chin, and piercing eyes. Defiant and moody, when she got angry she would violently hit the ground with her fists as she jumped up and screamed.

These two chimpanzees were clearly different, which is important as it implies that observations made with some chimpanzees should never be accepted as definitive. Köhler repeated the experiments until he made sure that the behaviors were repeated, which allowed him, then yes, to generalize some conclusions.

Let's see what the EXPERIMENT consisted of: a long and thin rope is tied to