Emile Durkheim: Summarized Classics: SUMMARIZED CLASSICS

By MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU

The greatest thinkers of humanity at your fingertips, in minutes! 
If you thought you would never be able to understand the essential classic authors, you were wrong! 
With our "Summarized Classics" collection, you will understand the main ideas of the most important thinkers in a very short time and with little effort.

 

The present volume covers the central axes of this discipline.
Among them, the reader will find an analysis of the following: The rules of the sociological method (1895) / What is a social fact? / Suicide (1897) / Problems of the representation of professional groups, among others. At the end, the reader will find a useful glossary.

• Language: English
• Publisher: BOOKS AND SUMMARIES BY MAURICIO FAU
• Release date: Sep 29, 2021
• ISBN: 9798201045111

MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU

Mauricio Enrique Fau nació en Buenos Aires en 1965. Se recibió de Licenciado en Ciencia Política en la Universidad de Buenos Aires. Cursó también Derecho en la UBA y Periodismo en la Universidad de Morón. Realizó estudios en FLACSO Argentina. Docente de la UBA y AUTOR DE MÁS DE 3.000 RESÚMENES de Psicología, Sociología, Ciencia Política, Antropología, Derecho, Historia, Epistemología, Lógica, Filosofía, Economía, Semiología, Educación y demás disciplinas de las Ciencias Sociales. Desde 2005 dirige La Bisagra Editorial, especializada en técnicas de estudio y materiales que facilitan la transición desde la escuela secundaria a la universidad. Por intermedio de La Bisagra publicó 38 libros. Participa en diversas ferias del libro, entre ellas la Feria Internacional del Libro de Buenos Aires y la FIL Guadalajara.

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Emile Durkheim: Summarized Classics

SUMMARIZED CLASSICS

MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU

Published by BOOKS AND SUMMARIES BY MAURICIO FAU, 2021.

ÉMILE DURKHEIM: SUMMARIZED CLASSICS

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MAURICIO FAU

Copyright © 2021 Mauricio Enrique Fau

All rights reserved.

ISBN: 9789871719143

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DEDICATION

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To my children Elías, Selva, Greta, Ciro and Yaco.

To my life's daughter Emma.

To my wife Cecilia.

Table of Contents

Title Page

Copyright Page

Emile Durkheim: Summarized Classics

WHO IS DURKHEIM

AXES IN HIS THINKING

THE RULES OF SOCIOLOGICAL METHOD (1895) | Preface to the second edition | I-

II-

III-

CHAPTER 1

Chapter 2  observation of social facts

SUICIDE (1897) | CHAPTER 2

CHAPTER 3

chapter 5

I

II

III

PROBLEMS OF THE REPRESENTATION OF PROFESSIONAL GROUPS

DURKHEIM: CENTRAL ASPECTS OF CORPORATISM

GLOSSARY

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Further Reading: Adam Smith: Summarized Classics

Also By MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU

About the Author

About the Publisher

WHO IS DURKHEIM

AXES IN HIS THINKING

THE RULES OF SOCIOLOGICAL METHOD (1895)

PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION

CHAPTER 1  WHAT IS A SOCIAL FACT?

Chapter 2  RULES RELATING TO THE OBSERVATION OF SOCIAL FACTS

SUICIDE (1897)

CHAPTER 2

CHAPTER 3

CHAPTER 5  ANOMIC SUICIDE

PROBLEMS OF REPRESENTATION OF PROFESSIONAL GROUPS

GLOSSARY

WHO IS DURKHEIM

Émile Durkheim (1858 -1917) was perhaps the most important French sociologist and economist. Taking the experience of the French Third Republic where - unlike in England - the nobility clashed bloodily with the bourgeoisie, Durkheim's central objective was to find the foundations of a harmonious and stable social order. His country had gone through revolutions, civil wars, coups d'état, wars with other countries, etc., since the revolution of 1789.

Unlike in England, in France the landed gentry did not adapt to the rise of the bourgeoisie, which led to bloody clashes between the two.

In England, capitalism was consolidated, with a constitutional monarchy and a less revolutionary working class. In France, on the other hand, the working class followed the ideas of anarchism, socialism and revolutionary syndicalism.

Durkheim thought that a positive division of labor was possible, avoiding disorganization and anarchy. He wondered how to ensure order in the complex industrial society where the traditional ties that bound the individual to the community are broken.

Concerned about the social struggles in the France of his time between anarchists, syndicalists and socialists on the one hand and nationalists and conservatives on the other, Durkheim believed that man could not alter social laws, but could discover them in order to better adapt to them. He argued that the division of labor proper to industrial society should integrate society, creating feelings of solidarity, by means of explicit norms that operate as moral values in the creation of a collective conscience, allowing men to live together.

Durkheim, a sociologist of the late nineteenth century, took from auguste comte the positivist interest in empiricism and the importance of the group in determining human behavior: he attributed definitive social reality to the group and not to the individual, which differentiated him from spencer's individualism and nominalism.

AXES IN HIS THINKING

FOR DURKHEIM, SOCIAL FACTS CANNOT BE REDUCED TO INDIVIDUAL FACTS.

There are facts that cannot be explained by physical or psychological analysis. There are ways of acting, thinking and feeling that are external to the individual and exert coercion on him, for example: public, family, religious or professional morality; these realities are social facts. Social facts are discovered by their power of coercion on individuals, (for example, men do not cry can be a social fact, a mandate to be fulfilled by individuals, which if not fulfilled will receive a sanction: the man who cries is a sissy) or by its general diffusion in the group. Imitation is not social but individual, because although it possesses generality it is not obligatory and therefore it is not social.

Institutions have an external existence independent of the individual, whom they coerce.

For Durkheim, sociology is the science of institutions, of their genesis and functioning.

Sociology should not deal with concepts (as did Comte and Spencer when studying, for example, progress), but with things. Things" are objects of knowledge unknowable by mental activity, requiring for their conception external data from observations and experiments. Introspection is useless because the ideas of things ARE not the same as the things themselves.

FOR DURKHEIM IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO STUDY THE IDEAS OF THINGS. WHAT MATTERS IS TO STUDY THINGS THEMSELVES

The sociologist must be objective and must first look at very visible and measurable phenomena (e.g., the suicide rate) and then, with a deeper analysis, see if they are a reflection of more fundamental social circumstances (e.g., a higher suicide rate may reflect a lack of social solidarity in a society, i.e., anomie).

SOCIAL FACTS ARE DIFFERENT FROM PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTS

THE DIVISION OF LABOR proper to industrialism must integrate society, creating feelings of solidarity, through explicit norms that act as moral values in the creation of a COLLECTIVE CONSCIOUSNESS that allows men to live together.

Society functions as a whole if everyone functions by himself. For this, it requires norms and institutions that channel the action of individuals, their way of thinking: the SOCIAL FACT (objective and not subjective), for the integration of men.

For Durkheim, the best way to unite men is through the modernization of the MEDIEVAL GROUPINGS, which would be replaced by the new corporations (unions, business associations, etc.).

When individuals do not integrate, do not cooperate and do not adapt to social norms, there is ANOMY, caused by new forms of division of labor. This state of anarchy is produced because the mechanisms of intermediation between the State and the individuals fail, and the State is unable to solve the problems of the individuals, who need the support of secondary groups, such as trade union corporations and business organizations. Individuals can even reach the extreme of suicide, due to their lack of integration in society.

His DEMOCRATIC CORPORATIVISM does not question the basis of capitalism, i.e., it does not seek to eliminate exploitation (like Marx), but to limit its most destructive effects.

In The