Imre Lakatos: Summarized Classics: SUMMARIZED CLASSICS

By MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU

The greatest thinkers of humanity at your fingertips, in minutes! 
If you thought you would never be able to understand the essential classic authors, you were wrong! 
With our "Summarized Classics" collection, you will understand the main ideas of the most important thinkers in a very short time and with little effort.

The present volume covers the central axes of this discipline.
Among them, the reader will find an analysis of the following: The falsificationism and the methodology of the research programs (1970) / Sophisticated falsificationism / The history of science and its rational reconstructions (1971), among others. It also has a useful glossary.

• Language: English
• Publisher: LIBROS Y RESÚMENES DE MAURICIO E. FAU
• Release date: Sep 29, 2021
• ISBN: 9798201610722

MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU

Mauricio Enrique Fau nació en Buenos Aires en 1965. Se recibió de Licenciado en Ciencia Política en la Universidad de Buenos Aires. Cursó también Derecho en la UBA y Periodismo en la Universidad de Morón. Realizó estudios en FLACSO Argentina. Docente de la UBA y AUTOR DE MÁS DE 3.000 RESÚMENES de Psicología, Sociología, Ciencia Política, Antropología, Derecho, Historia, Epistemología, Lógica, Filosofía, Economía, Semiología, Educación y demás disciplinas de las Ciencias Sociales. Desde 2005 dirige La Bisagra Editorial, especializada en técnicas de estudio y materiales que facilitan la transición desde la escuela secundaria a la universidad. Por intermedio de La Bisagra publicó 38 libros. Participa en diversas ferias del libro, entre ellas la Feria Internacional del Libro de Buenos Aires y la FIL Guadalajara.

Book preview

Imre Lakatos: Summarized Classics

SUMMARIZED CLASSICS

MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU

Published by LIBROS Y RESÚMENES DE MAURICIO E. FAU, 2021.

IMRE LAKATOS: SUMMARIZED CLASSICS

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MAURICIO FAU

Copyright © 2021 Mauricio Enrique Fau

All rights reserved.

ISBN: 9789871719129

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DEDICATION

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To my children Elías, Selva, Greta, Ciro and Yaco.

To my life's daughter Emma.

To my wife Cecilia.

Table of Contents

Title Page

Copyright Page

Imre Lakatos: Summarized Classics

WHO IS LAKATOS

THE LAKATOS VISION

Critics ofdogmatic falsificationism.

Lakatos: types of falsificationism

Lakatos speaks of two forms of conventionalism

Lakatos: wrong assumptions of the FD and the IMF

Lakatos: Sophisticated Falsificationism

Lakatos: basic ideas

INTERNAL HISTORY: POSITIONS OF THE DIFFERENT SCHOOLS

Lakatos: levels at which they act | Research programs

FALSIFICATIONISM AND THE METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH PROGRAMS (1970) | 3. A METHODOLOGY FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH PROGRAMS

a) Negative heuristics: the firm center of the program

b) Positive heuristics: the construction of the protective belt and the relative autonomy of theoretical science

THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND ITS RATIONAL RECONSTRUCTIONS (1971) | CHAPTER 5  The History of Science and its Rational Reconstructions | Introduction

Rival methodologies in science; rational reconstructions as guides to history.

1. Inductivism

2. Conventionalism

3. Methodological falsificationism

4. The methodology of scientific research programs

5. Internal and external history

Point four

GLOSSARY

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Further Reading: Emile Durkheim: Summarized Classics

Also By MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU

About the Author

About the Publisher

WHO IS LAKATOS

THE LAKATOS VISION

FALSIFICATIONISM AND THE METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH PROGRAMS (1970)

3. A METHODOLOGY FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH PROGRAMS

THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND ITS RATIONAL RECONSTRUCTIONS (1971)

CHAPTER 5  THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND ITS RATIONAL RECONSTRUCTIONS

GLOSSARY

WHO IS LAKATOS

Lakatos, Imre (1922 -1974): Hungarian philosopher of science, mathematician and physicist, representative of moderate falsificationism. Lakatos or Imre Lipschitz (a name he had to change due to his condition as a Jew persecuted by the Nazis) set out to correct the limitations of Popper's falsificationism. In particular, he opposed Popper's idea that a theory is refuted, i.e., its falsity is proven, when there is little empirical evidence against it. He proposed a more tolerant attitude towards theories, postponing their rejection. Lakatos' objective is the search for objectivity, the consistency of theories and their predictive capacity, and the appropriate method to achieve this is to reconstruct historically the rationality of knowledge. In this sense, his position appears as intermediate between Popper, on the one hand, and Kuhn and Feyerabend, on the other. Among his main works we find: Proofs and Refutations (1962), Falsificationism and the Methodology of Research Programs (1970) and History of Science and its Rational Reconstructions (1971).

THE LAKATOS VISION

Lakatos sets out to correct the limitations of Popper's falsificationism.

In particular, he opposes Popper's idea that a theory is refuted, i.e. its falsity is proven, at the first empirical evidence against it.

He proposes a more tolerant attitude towards theories, postponing their rejection, arguing that they should not be rejected at the first contrary observation.

LAKATOS DOES NOT SHARE the traditional notion of truth as a representation of facts and emphasizes the permanent transformation of theories.

Like Popper, he denies that scientific hypotheses can be verified or declared probable, and like Popper, he proposes conventionalism, the agreement among scientists as a criterion of scientific objectivity.

However, while Popper limits this conventionalism to basic statements, Lakatos extends it to all propositions that are part of theories.

He also agrees with Popper in rejecting the sharp demarcation between theory and observation.

Lakatos rejects the Kuhnian thesis of incommensurability, since he considers that scientists from different scientific research programs can communicate with each other.

He maintains, like Popper, that consistency, the predictive power of theories and the objectivity of knowledge must be preserved, and that the progress of science implies a rational process in continuous growth. The task of the philosopher of science is to unravel the strategies that make this progress possible.

Critics ofdogmatic falsificationism.

For justificationists , scientific statements can be demonstrated by reason (as Descartes, rationalism, deductivism) or by experience (as Locke, empiricism, inductivism).

For the justificationists, it is possible to conclusively establish the truth of a scientific theory

In our time, this position was moderated by the position known as probabilism (logical empiricism, confirmationism).

For probabilism it is not possible to definitively prove or justify the truth of theories, but it is possible to confirm them, that is, to provide evidence that increases their probability of being true.

Popper held that scientific statements are unverifiable and also equally improbable, rejecting inductive logic.

for Popper, neither the truth nor the probability that a theory is true can be justified.

This is a fallibilist position, which states that all theories can be false.

According to Popper's falsificationism or refutationism, the hypotheses of science are neither verifiable nor testable, but they are falsifiable; a theory falsified by data contrary to it must be rejected.

According to refutationism, the march of science takes place through bold hypotheses that