傳世漢英寶庫（第一輯：正文篇）: Sinology Chuan-Shi Thesaurus (Chinese-English Bilingual Edition): Vol. 1

By David Hanson Liu and 劉雲适

《傳世漢英寶庫》全套三冊，分別為第一輯：正文篇、第二輯：細目索引與中文索引篇、第三輯：中文索引查字表與英文索引篇。

《傳世漢英寶庫》被認為是唯一正確表達中華語言與觀念的辭典，辭條列有英美漢學家譯著與國際通訊社新聞稿的權威出處。一位辭典學家曾以《傳世漢英寶庫》之前身為研究對象，在亞洲辭書學會學術會議或類似國際會議上，分別以英文、中文發表四篇論文，讚許其在漢英辭典編寫上的革新。

劉雲适先生是華人世界中"雙語詞典"編纂者與"中譯英"的卓越專業人士，1970年代曾是美國翻譯協會在台灣唯一會員。他的《傳世漢英寶庫》（《傳世漢英-英漢寶庫》）電子檔已由台灣大學採用供學生練習英文使用。除了《成功源自解決疑難：20篇精英成名史》一書外，他也是英文原著《英文寫作與報導》（1976

• Language: 中文
• Publisher: EHGBooks
• Release date: Jul 1, 2014
• ISBN: 9781647849771

Book preview

傳世漢⇔英寶庫

第一輯：正文篇

（傳世漢英-英漢寶庫｜三冊一函）

SINOLOGY CHUAN-SHI CHINESE⇔ENGLISH THESAURUS

劉葉瓊美 監修

劉雲适 編纂

曾泰元博士    KK音標主審

陳郁彬        KK音標主編

鍾季霖 電腦技術指導

美國國會圖書館EHGBooks CIP登錄號

Sinology Chuan-Shi Thesaurus (Chinese-English Bilingual Edition)

✠ 傳世漢英寶庫（第一輯：正文篇）

ISBN=9781625031327／Library of Congress CIP No: 2014944957

✠ 傳世漢英寶庫（第二輯：細目索引與中文索引篇）

ISBN=9781625031334／Library of Congress CIP No: 2014944957

✠ 傳世漢英寶庫（第三輯：中文索引查字表與英文索引篇）

ISBN=9781625031341／Library of Congress CIP No: 2014944957

《傳世漢⇔英寶庫》序

曾泰元

劉雲适先生所編之《中英譯寫詞庫》16開精裝本於1997年夏問世，我隨即於是年秋應中國時報開卷版之邀，寫了一篇〈看詞庫學漂亮英文〉的書評（詳見民國86年10月16日第43版）。這本書是「一人」出版公司的心血結晶，是詞典學（lexicography）的創舉。劉先生以一人之力，獨立工作二十寒暑，從為數眾多的英文書籍報章雜誌、英譯中國文學名著中，粹取了優美道地的英文段落或句子，在關鍵詞旁加註中文。他藉由這種先有英文後註中文的逆向編輯，希望能避免傳統漢英詞典的缺點──先有中文後找英文的那種生硬、不自然，以及彼此「參考」、因襲不查的錯誤。

1999年，《中英譯寫詞庫》在內容方面略為增補刪修，版面上改為較小的25開之後，以《傳世漢英辭庫》之名重新出版。我2001年起在南京、上海、漢城、東京參加了四次詞典學的學術會議，都以其為對象，直接、間接、由不同角度切入，用中、英文寫了四篇論文，探討了《傳世漢英辭庫》給詞典學帶來的意義與影響，普遍得到了大陸、國際學者的注目。在這方面，我特別要感謝劉先生，他的創意給我帶來了學術研究的新方向，而他卻總是謙稱自己只是為了替自己解決中翻英的問題而已。

2003年中，劉先生找我幫忙，希望給詞庫的英文加註KK音標。那時我還是東吳大學英文系的系主任，行政、教學、研究異常繁忙，於是請了四個傑出的大四學生，在我的指導下分頭做初步的標音工作，打算最後再由我通讀全稿，校正錯誤。可是由於需要標音的份量過多，加上學生有許多個人的因素，以致進度遲滯不前。最後在劉先生的寬容諒解下，改變作法，不標正文，只標英文索引裡第一次出現的詞。此時，整個標音量頓時減少了許多，而我系主任的任期也已屆滿，加上我又找到了得力的助手陳郁彬先生來負責標音，所以標音版的寶庫如今才得以此貌問世。

陳郁彬先生是我在東吳英文系的得意門生，2003年夏拿到政大語言學研究所的碩士，現在為政大語言學研究所的博士生。他在我的指導下做初步的標音，由我再做最後的審酌定稿。整個標音的工作是依據以下幾個原則來進行的：

(1) 本書所標之音標以美國Merriam-Webster出版社1953年所出、John S. Kenyon與Thomas A. Knott兩位著名語音學家所著之A Pronouncing Dictionary of American English（即俗稱之KK音標）為主要依據。

(2) 語音在變，描述語音的理論也在變，加上50多年來新詞大量湧現，上述KK音標已顯不足，對語音的描述也有欠精準。不足、不準之處，我們參考兩本權威的英語發音詞典，即Longman Pronunciation Dictionary第二版（2000）和Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary第十六版（2003），以其所建議之通用美國音（General American）為參考。複合詞的重音，我們依據的是美國Random House Webster’s Unabridged Dictionary（1987）。在個別的情況之下，我們也查閱了Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged（1961）、The Oxford English Dictionary第二版（1989）等權威的大型詞典，以及其他人名、地名等的專業詞典。

(3) 在不增加新音標、不改變大眾對KK音標音值的認知、以及兼顧讀者使用的友善性等三大前提下，我們參酌上列工具書，對傳統的KK音標作了以下小幅的修正，以幫助讀者發出時下英語單詞主流、清晰的美國音：

1. 音節尾之[0]與[?]改為[i]與[u]，如busy ['b0z0]改為['b0zi]，tissue ['t0N?]改為['t0Nu]，period ['p0r0Dd]改為['p0riDd]，usual ['juI?Dl]改為['juIuDl]。

2. 音節音[9]、[%]改為[Dl]與[Dn]，如little ['l0t9]改為['l0tDl]，hidden ['h0d%]改為['h0dDn]。

3.  [or]改為[Cr]，如door [dor]改為[dCr]，score [skor]改為[skCr]。

4.  [hw]改為[w]，如why[hwa0]改為[wa0]，wheat[hwit]改為[wit]。

5. 齒齦音（[t]、[d]、[n]、[l]、[s]、[z]）之後的[ju]改為[u]，如tube [tjub]改為[tub]，dew [dju]改為[du]，new [nju]改為[nu]，lewd [ljud]改為[lud]，sue [sju]改為[su]，Zeus [zjus]改為[zus]。唯continue [kDn't0nju]為一重要之例外。

6. 若重音符號之標示位置可能導致發音之困擾者，則略微移動重音符號以方便發音，如ventilation [`vGntDl'eNDn]改標為[`vGntD'leNDn]。

7. 來自中文的人名、地名、外來語，除少數約定俗成者外（如Sun Yat-sen ['s?n 'jAt'sGn]、Canton [k$n'tAn]、tea [ti]），不特別遷就英文，以最接近中文發音之KK音標標注，而且每一音節均標重音（如Chen Shui-bian ['tNKn 'Nwe'bjGn]、Kaohsiung ['Ea?'NjCH]、guan-xi ['EwAn'Ni]）。

標音工作看似簡單，然而做起來千頭萬緒，困難、問題多如牛毛，實不足為外人道也，茲舉二例。譬如說，一個詞經常有一種以上、為大家普遍接受的發音(如[0]和[D]在輕音節裡經常可以互換)，然而我們為了節省篇幅，同時給讀者一個可以立即遵循的「標準」，不得已只能依參考資料的推薦擇一標示。另外，發音速度可快可慢，兩個詞連讀時可能有重音轉移（stress shift），詞內或詞間的音段（segment）也可能有同化（assimilation）、異化（dissimilation）、省音（elision）、增音（epenthesis）的現象，我們標的音想要代表的是：受過良好教育、沒有特別口音的成年美國人在較為正式的場合所可能發出的清晰語音。至於語音在快讀時的變化，就不是這個小小的索引所能詳盡描述的了，還請讀者明察為荷。

由於我們的學識、經驗不足，加上出版截稿的壓力，裡面肯定有不少的錯誤和問題。竭誠歡迎讀者踴躍賜教，我們收到之後一定虛心檢討，並於修訂時改進。

編後語

這本《傳世漢⇔英寶庫》(《傳世漢英-英漢寶庫》)，是 沈宗琳老師與 余夢燕老師賜助鼓勵編成的《中英譯寫詞庫》與《傳世漢英辭庫》的第二代。假如因雲适在街頭散發傳單販賣拙編，有損這兩位老師的聲譽，雲适至表遺憾。但是假如不是因為雲适不熟悉經銷作業流程，致使總經銷出問題，被迫親自販賣，以維持有尊嚴的生活，進而有時間增修簡化原有的詞/辭庫，使小學生與初學英文者，也可跟教授專家同樣享用這些有英美漢學家與國際通訊社權威出處的優美英文，便不會有這第二代《傳世漢⇔英寶庫》的誕生。『傳世』是監修劉葉瓊美的先父亦即雲适先岳父葉傳世先生的名諱。

《傳世漢⇔英寶庫》承襲《中英譯寫詞庫》與《傳世漢英辭庫》的優點，就是以表現意念的方式，用英文精確表達本土思想與事物，以加強使用者英文寫作與翻譯的優美程度。本《寶庫》的設計是革命性的，創新性的。尤其中文索引大部份加註英文(漢英詞典)，英文索引大部份加註中文(英漢詞典)，再由詞典學專家語言學博士曾泰元教授主審，注上KK音標，成為三合一的多用途漢英與英漢學習使用工具。其最大特色是列有其他漢英詞典與英漢詞典漏列的精確字義用法。換句話說，其他詞典找不到的或不夠精確的字詞翻譯，可能出現在本《寶庫》中。

《傳世漢⇔英寶庫》在簡化過程中所加之譯文，為編者個人依英文原意所註。如有錯誤，應由編者負責，與原作/譯者無關，編者並應向她/他們申致最大的歉意。某些中文索引與英文索引後的對照譯文以及冠詞與標點符號，有些簡化，旨在節省篇幅，其字序與用法應以《寶庫》本文為準。索引中對照譯文的加註，一般以不增行數為原則，特別重要或罕見者例外。索引中完全相同者，已予合併或刪減；略為相同或類似者，限於時間與精力，非編者個人力量所能及。英文索引的主字，依英文觀點為主，有時也兼顧中文讀者的習慣。索引的編排是電腦自動與人工的結合，兩者皆可能出現錯誤。讀者如有發現，祈請見告，以便修訂。所有編註，皆尊方便精確為首，因而有時難免違反詞典編纂慣例。敬請方家見諒！

為了讀者方便，這篇編後語改列在寶庫本文之前。

劉雲适

2005/9/30

台北郵政信箱3-30號

體例

一、詞彙：本寶庫收用的字、詞、片語與成語詞彙條目，因有不同英譯，依中文計算粗估有九萬個。取材範圍以英美著名漢學家有關中華文化與中國事物的英文譯著為主，其次是最近英文中國郵報等刊載的英美通訊社的新聞稿。也有少數取材自英文的百科全書與英文的大詞典等。所有收錄的字、詞、片語與成語的意義均經過查證無誤。但是本寶庫絕未參用任何漢英詞典收錄的內容。因此，在取材上，這是一部革新性開創先例的漢⇔英寶庫，旨在把英美漢學家有關台灣中華文化與中國事物的西方表達法介紹給使用者，以提供運用英文精確有效地傳播中華文化、華人思想與事物的實用參考。

二、注解：甲、英譯取樣的中文加注，照中文原文。適時另加不同的說法或意義。

乙、對英文原著加注的中文，是依下列英文大詞典與百科全書的適當定義，由編者譯列：

1. Webster’s Third New International Dictionary

2. The Random House Dictionary of the English Language, Second Edition, Unabridged

3. The New American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Revised Taiwan Edition

4. The Compact Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary, Complete Text Reproduced Micrographically

5. The Encyclopedia Americana, International Edition, 1978

6. Collins Cobuild English-Chinese Language Dictionary, 2000

丙、凡〔 〕內的文字, 為編者的補註。

三、出處：幾乎每一則字彙條目的尾端均列有其出處，順序為作／譯者姓名(註有tr by以示譯者)，書名，出版年份，卷碼，與頁碼。如取材自報紙，出處順序為通訊社名稱，引用之報名，年月日，與版碼。編纂本寶庫因無前例可循，在邊做、邊學、邊改的情形下，於搜集資料的十多年中，前後取樣的體例不夠一致，敬請見諒。

四、分類目錄表：本寶庫的分類目錄表，因中國傳統分類法中，沒有任何一種可以有系統的概括本寶庫的分類內容，不得不參考英文的 The Original Roget’s Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases 修編而成。不習慣這一分類體系發覺難查的使用者，可多用細目索引、中文索引或英文索引。細目索引與中文索引又可用筆劃、注音符號以及漢語拼音查字。

五、索引：本寶庫有上述多種檢字索引，均為細心編排，以協助檢索出某字在本文中的正確位置。然而，這些索引絕不是全部字彙條目的完整檢索表，不應推論為凡未在索引中登錄的字詞本文中便沒有。各種索引與查字表的首頁均有說明，請先閱讀，以便查閱迅速。

六、敬告：使用本寶庫收錄的詞句時，使用者應記住改變格、性、數、時式與語態等，來符合所寫的前後文。

目錄

《傳世漢⇔英寶庫》序

編後語

體例

目錄

分類目錄表 TABLE OF CONCEPT CATEGORIES

寶庫本文 The Thesaurus

分類目錄表

TABLE OF CONCEPT CATEGORIES

第壹類 抽象關係

CLASS I. ABSTRACT RELATIONS

I.存在

EXISTENCE

(1)抽象的      1.      存在

Abstract            Existence

(2)具體的      2.      實體

Concrete            Substantiality

3.      非實體

Unsubstantiality

(3)形式的      4.      本質

Formal            Intrinsicalness

(4)形態的      5.      狀態

Modal            State

6.      狀況

Circumstance

II.關係

RELATION

(1)絕對的

Absolute

7.      關係

Relation

8.      國際關係

國際的            International Relation

International      9.      干涉

Intervention

10.      兼/吞併

Annexation

11.      親戚

Relative

12.      血緣關係

血緣的            Consanguinity

Consanguineous      13.      父母子女

Parent & Child

14.      兄弟姐妹

Sibling

15.      親族關係

Cognation

16.      無關

Irrelation

17.      相互關係

Correlation

18.      相同

Identity

19.      相反

Contrariety

20.      相異

Difference

(2)連續的      21.      一律

Continuous            Uniformity

(3)部份的      22.      相似

Partial            Similarity

23.      不似

Dissimilarity

24.      倣效

Imitation

25.      複製品

Copy

26.      模/原型

Prototype

(4)一般的      27.      一致

General            Agreement

28.      不一致

Disagreement

III.量

QUANTITY

(1)單一的      29.      量

Simple            Quantity

30.      程度

Degree

31.      相等

Equality

32.      不相等

Inequality

(2)比較的      33.      中等

Comparative            Mean

34.      使平衡

Compensation

35.      小

Smallness

36.      優

Superiority

37.      劣

Inferiority

38.      增加

Increase

39.      減少

Decrease

(3)結合的      40.      加

Conjunctive            Addition

41.      減

Subduction

42.      附

Adjunct

43.      餘

Remainder

44.      混合

Mixture

45.      單純

Simpleness

46.      相合

Junction

47.      統一

Unification

48.      分裂

Division

49.      分離

Disjunction

50.      聯接

Vinculum

51.      接合

Coherence

52.      聯合

Combination

(4)具體的      53.      整體

Concrete            Whole

54.      部份

Part

55.      完整/全

Completeness

56.      不完整/全

Incompleteness

57.      排除

Exclusion

IV.秩序

ORDER

(1)一般的      58.      秩序

General            Order

59.      無秩序

Disorder

60.      安排

Arrangement

61.      擾亂

Derangement

(2)連續的      62.      居先

Consecutive            Precedence

63.      後續

Sequence

64.      先驅/導

Precursor

65.      隨後

Sequel

66.      開始

Beginning

67.      來歷

Genesis

68.      結束

End

69.      連續

Continuity

(3)集體的      70.      集合

Collective            Assemblage

71.      國際組織

International Body

72.      解散

Dispersion

(4)分配的      73.      種類

Distributive            Class

74.      普通

Generality

75.      特別

Specialty

(5)類別的      76.      規範

Categorical            Rule

77.      適合

Conformity

78.      不適合

Unconformity

V.數字

NUMBER

(1)抽象的      79.      數字

Abstract            Number

80.      計數

Numeration

81.      表

List

(2)確定的      82.      單一

  Determinate            Unity

83.      伴隨

Accompaniment

84.      雙

Duality

85.      加倍

Duplication

86.      二等分

Bisection

87.      三

Three

88.      三倍

Triplication

89.      三等分

Trisection

90.      五等分,等等

Quinquesection, etc

(3)不定的      91.      兩個以上

Indeterminate            Plurality

92.      分數

Fraction

93.      多數

Multitude

94.      重複

Repetition

95.      無限大

Infinity

VI.時間

  TIME

(1)絕對的      96.      時間

Absolute            Time

97.      沒有時間

Neverness

98.      期間

Period

99.      經過期間

Course

100.持續期間

Lastingness

101.      短暫

Transientness

102.      永恒

Perpetuity

103.      瞬間

Instantaneity

104.      時刻測定

Chronometry

105.      時代/間錯誤

Anachronism

(2)相對/關的

Relative

A. 對連續/接      106.      先

To Succession            Priority

107.      後

Posteriority

108.      現在

Present Time

B. 對一個期間      109.      未來

To a Period            Futurity

110.      過去

Preterition

111.      考古

Archaeology

112.      新近

Newness

113.      老舊

Oldness

114.      上半天

Morning

115.      下半天

Evening

116.      少年

Youth

117.      年紀

Age

118.      幼年

Infant

119.      老年人

Veteran

120.      成年

Adolescence

C. 對一個效果或目的      121.      早

To an Effect or Purpose            Earliness

122.      晚

Lateness

123.      時機

Occasion

124.      不合時宜/機

Intempestivity

(3)重複/現的      125.      時常

Recurrent            Frequency

126.      不常

Infrequency

127.      定期

Periodicity

VII.變易

CHANGE

(1)簡單的      128.      變易

Simple            Change

129.      不變

Permanence

130.      停止

Cessation

131.      持續

Continuance

132.      轉變

Conversion

133.      化學品

Chemical

134.      復歸

Reversion

135.      革命

Revolution

136.      替換

Substitution

137.      交換

Interchange

(2)複雜的      138.      易變

Complex            Changeableness

139.      穩定

Stability

140.      偶發事件

Eventuality

141.      天命

Destiny

142.      緣

Karma

VIII.起因

CAUSATION

(1)順序的恆常      143.      起因

Constancy of Sequence            Cause

144.      結果

Effect

145.      歸因

Attribution

146.      或然

Chance

(2)因果關係      147.      能/動力

Connection between Cause and            Power

Effect      148.      能源

Energy

149.      電力

Electricity

150.      無力

Impotence

151.      力量

Strength

152.      虛弱

Weakness

(3)活動力      153.      生產

Power in Operation            Production

154.      懷孕

Pregnancy

155.      生孩子

Birth

156.      建築

Construction

157.      破壞

Destruction

158.      生產者

Producer

159.      父母

Parents

160.      祖先

Ancestor

161.      後裔

Posterity

162.      動作

Agency

163.      活力

Energy

164.      無活力

Inertness

165.      暴/爆力

Violence

166.      火山

Volcano

167.      地震

Earthquake

168.      溫和

Moderation

(4)間接能力      169.      影響

Indirect Power            Influence

170.      傾向

Tendency

171.      義務

Liability

(5)原因的結合      172.      協力

Combination of Causes            Concurrence

173.      反動

Counteraction

第貳類 空間

CLASS II. SPACE

I.概括空間

SPACE IN GENERAL

(1)抽象空間      174.      地區

Abstract Space            Region

175.      地方

Place

176.      中國地名

Chinese Place Name

177.      外國地名

Foreign Place Name

(2)相對空間      178.      位置

Relative Space            Situation

179.      地理

Geography

180.      設定位置

Location

181.      變更地方/位置

Displacement

(3)存在於空間      182.      在

Existence in Space            Presence

183.      不在

Absence

184.      居民

Inhabitant

185.      殖民地

Colony

186.      村莊

Village

187.      牆

Wall

188.      住所

Abode

189.      陋屋

Cottage

190.      門

Gate/Door

住所      191.      窗

Abode            Window

192.      房間

Room

193.      廳堂

Hall

194.      亭

Pavilion

195.      樓

Storied Building

196.      旅館

Hotel

197.      都市

City

198.      容器

Receptacle

199.      食物容器

Food Receptacle

II.體積

DIMENSIONS

(1)一般的      200.      體積(大)

General            Size

201.      高山

Mountain

202.      (體積)小

Littleness

203.      擴展

Expansion

204.      收縮

Contraction

205.      距離遠

Distance

206.      距離近

Nearness

207.      間隔

Interval

208.      接近

Contiguity

(2)直線的      209.      長

Linear            Length

210.      短

Shortness

211.      瘦

Thinness

212.      層面

Layer

213.      細線

Filament

214.      毛髮

Hair

215.      高

Height

216.      山丘

Hill

217.      低

Lowness

218.      深

Depth

219.      頂

Summit

220.      底

Base

221.      橫

Horizontality

222.      懸

Pendency

223.      支持

Support

224.      坐

Seat

225.      臥鋪

Bed

226.      傾斜

Obliquity

227.      倒/翻置

Inversion

228.      交叉

Crossing

(3)中心的

Centrical

A. 一般的      229.      外部

General            Exteriority

230.      臉

Face

231.      內部

Interiority

232.      中心

Centrality

233.      覆蓋

Covering

234.      裡襯

Lining

235.      穿戴

Investment

236.      布料

Cloth

237.      帽子

Headgear

238.      衣服

Clothes

穿戴      239.      禮服

Investment            Formalwear

240.      褂/襖

Jacket

241.      褲

Trousers

242.      女貼身衣

Lingerie

243.      腰帶

Girdle

244.      鞋

Footwear

245.      穿的動作

Dressing

246.      脫除

Divestment

247.      周圍

Circumjacence

248.      介入其間

Interjacence

249.      邊沿

Edge

250.      圍繞

Enclosure

251.      限制

Limit

  B. 特別的      252.      前

      Special            Front

253.      後

Rear

254.      側

Laterality

255.      左(手)邊

Sinistrality

III.形狀

FORM

(1)一般的      256.      形式

General            Form

257.      無定形

Amorphism

258.      歪斜

Distortion

(2)特別的      259.      角

    Special            Angularity

260.      曲

Curvature

261.      直

Straightness

262.      旋

Convolution

263.      球/圓

Rotundity

(3)表面的      264.      凸

    Superficial            Convexity

265.      凹

Concavity

266.      尖銳

Sharpness

267.      鈍

Bluntness

268.      柔滑

Smoothness

269.      粗糙

Roughness

270.      折疊

Fold

271.      溝

Furrow

272.      開口

Opening

273.      閉塞

Closure

274.      栓塞

Stopper

IV.移動

MOTION

(1)移動通例      275.      移動

Motion in General            Motion

276.      靜止

Quiescence

277.      旅遊

Journey

278.      旅客

Traveler

279.      馬

Horse

280.      騎馬

Horseback Riding

281.      坐轎

Palankeening

282.      航行

Navigation

283.      移送

Transference

284.      市區交通

Urban Traffic

285.      鄉間交通

Rural Traffic

286.      搬運者

Carrier

287.      運輸工具

Vehicle

288.      鐵路

Railway

289.      火車

Train

290.      火車站

Railway Station

291.      軌道

Track

292.      道路

Road

293.      地道

Tunnel

294.      汽車

Car

295.      乘車

Riding

296.      停車

Parking

297.      航行工具

Ship

298.      船運

Shipping

299.      航空公司

Airlines

300.      民航機

Civil Aircraft

301.      飛航

Flight

302.      空難

Airplane Accident

303.      機場

Airport

(2)移動的程度      304.      速(度)

  Degree of Motion            Velocity

305.      慢

Slowness

(3)跟力接合      306.      衝擊

  Conjoined with Force            Impact

307.      反彈

Recoil

(4)與方向有關      308.      方向

  With Reference to Direction            Direction

309.      偏向

Deviation

310.      繼續

Continuation

311.      前進

Progression

312.      後退

Regression

313.      推進

Propulsion

314.      拉

Traction

315.      接近

Approach

316.      斥退

Repulsion

317.      集結

Convergence

318.      到達

Arrival

319.      離開

Departure

320.      進入

Ingress

321.      移民

Immigration

322.      外出

Egress

323.      驅除

Ejection

324.      食物

Food

325.      吃

Eating

326.      肉

Flesh

327.      魚類

Fish

328.      蔬菜

Vegetable

食物      329.      湯

Food            Soup

330.      飲料

Soft Drink

331.      茶

Tea

332.      酒

Alcoholic Beverage

333.      飲酒

Potation

334.      酒令

Drinking Game

335.      醉(酒)

Drunkenness

336.      宴客

Banqueting

337.      排泄

Excretion

338.      插入

Insertion

339.      拔出

Extraction

340.      通過

Passage

341.      上昇

Ascent

342.      下降

Descent

343.      升高

Elevation

344.      下落

Depression

345.      跳起

Leap

346.      繞行

Circuit

347.      迴轉

Rotation

348.      展開

Evolution

349.      擺動

Oscillation

350.      攪動

Agitation

第參類 物質

CLASS III. MATTER

I.物質通例

MATTER IN GENERAL

351.      物質體

Materiality

352.      物理

Physics

353.      非物質體

Immateriality

354.      宇宙

World

355.      日

Sun

356.      月

Moon

357.      星

Star

358.      天空

Sky

359.      外太空

Outer Space

360.      輕(浮)

Levity

361.      重(量)

Gravity

II.無機物

INORGANIC MATTER

(1)固體      362.      密度

Solids            Density

363.      硬

Hardness

364.      軟

Softness

365.      體質

Texture

366.      粉狀

Pulverulence

367.      摩擦

Friction

(2)液體

  Fluids

  A. 通例      368.      流質

  In General            Fluidity

369.      氣體

Gaseity

370.      液化

Liquefaction

371.      汽化

Vaporization

B. 特定的      372.      水

Specific            Water

373.      洪水

Flood

374.      空氣

Air

375.      氣象

Meteorology

376.      濕

Moisture

377.      乾

Dryness

378.      海洋

Ocean

379.      陸地

Land

380.      灣,湖

Gulf, Lake

381.      港口/灣

Harbor

382.      平原

Plain

383.      沼澤

Marsh

384.      島嶼

Island

  C. 活動的      385.      江河

In Motion      River

386.      水道/管

Conduit

387.      雨

Rain

388.      風

Wind

389.      颱風

Typhoon

390.      颱風預報

Typhoon Forecasting

391.      颱風警報

Typhoon Warning

(3)不完全液體      392.      氣泡

Imperfect Fluids             Bubble

393.      (石)油

Oil

III.有機物

ORGANIC MATTER

(1)生命力

Vitality

    A. 通例      394.      無機體

In General            Inorganization

395.      生命/活

Life

396.      死亡

Death

397.      與死有關

Deathliness

398.      自殺

Suicide

399.      死別

Bereavement

400.      殺

Killing

401.      屍

Corpse

402.      入殮

Encoffinment

403.      弔祭

Mourning

404.      出殯

Cortege

405.      埋葬

Interment

406.      墳墓

Grave

    B. 個別的      407.      動物體/界

      Special            Animality

408.      獸

Beast

409.      鳥

Bird

410.      爬蟲

Reptile

411.      昆蟲

Insect

412.      水產

Aquatic Product

413.      植物

Plant

414.      樹

Tree

415.      竹

Bamboo

416.      花園

Garden

417.      花

Flower

418.      畜牧

Husbandry

419.      農業

Agriculture

420.      農民

Farmer

421.      農地

Farmland

422.      農作物

Crop

423.      水果

Fruit

424.      人類

Mankind

425.      民族

People

426.      種族

Race/Tribe

427.      社會

Society

428.      男人

Man

429.      女人

Woman

430.      少女

Girl

431.      纏腳

Foot-binding

(2)感覺

    Sensation

    A. 一般的      432.      感覺/知

      General            Sensibility

433.      無感覺

Insensibility

434.      愉快感

Pleasure

435.      痛苦感

Pain

B. 特別的

Special

(a)觸覺      436.      觸覺

Touch            Touch

437.      觸感

Sensation of Touch

438.      麻木

Numbness

(b)溫熱      439.      熱

Heat            Heat

440.      涼/冷

Cold

441.      雪

Snow

442.      加熱

Calefaction

443.      火(災)

Fire

444.      製陶/陶器

Ceramics

445.      冷凍

Refrigeration

446.      加熱器

Furnace

(c)味覺      447.      味覺

Taste            Taste

448.      吸煙

Smoking Tobacco

449.      佐料

Condiment

450.      味道好

Savoriness

451.      味道不好

Unsavoriness

452.      甜

Sweetness

(d)嗅覺      453.      氣味

Odor            Odor

454.      香

Fragrance

455.      惡臭

Fetor

(e)聽覺      456.      聲音

Sound            Sound

457.      寂靜

Silence

458.      大聲

Loudness

459.      弱聲

Faintness

460.      突然暴裂聲

Snap

461.      轟隆聲

Roll

462.      共鳴

Resonance

463.      悶聲

Non-resonance

464.      嘶嘶聲

Sibilation

465.      刺耳聲

Stridor

466.      (哭)叫

Cry

467.      啼/吠

Ululation

468.      諧聲

Melody Concord

469.      音樂

Music

470.      音樂家

Musician

471.      樂器

Musical Instrument

472.      聽(覺)

Hearing

473.      聾

Deafness

(f)視覺      474.      光

Light            Light

475.      黑暗

Darkness

476.      微暗

Dimness

477.      發光源

Luminary

478.      遮陰

Shade

479.      透明

Transparency

480.      顏色

Color

481.      白

Whiteness

482.      黑

Blackness

483.      紅

Redness

484.      綠

Greenness

485.      黃

Yellowness

486.      紫

Purple

487.      青/藍

Blueness

488.      橙

Orange

489.      視力/覺

Vision

490.      看

Seeing

491.      偷看

Peeking

492.      注視

Gazing

493.      觀察

Observing

494.      視力不良

Dimsightedness

495.      看的人

Spectator

496.      視覺器具

Optical Instrument

497.      攝影

Photography

498.      能見度

Visibility

499.      顯現

Appearance

500.      風景

Prospect

501.      消失

Disappearance

第肆類 智能

CLASS IV. INTELLECT

分類(壹)  意念的形成

Division (I). Formation of Ideas

I.智能活動通例      502.      智能

Operations of Intellect in General            Intellect

503.      思考

Thought

504.      沒思考

Thoughtlessness

505.      意念

Idea

506.      主題

Topic

II.前導的條件與活動      507.      好奇

  Precursory Conditions and Operations            Curiosity

508.      不關心

Incuriosity

509.      注意

Attention

510.      不注意

Inattention

511.      當心

Care

512.      疏忽

Neglect

513.      問

Inquiry

514.      考試

Examination

515.      科舉

Imperial Examination

516.      答

Answer

517.      實驗

Experiment

518.      比較

Comparison

519.      差別

Discrimination

520.      測量/定

測量/定            Measurement

Measurement      521.      具體單位

Concrete Unit

522.      抽象單位

Abstract Unit

III.推理的資料      523.      證據

  Materials for Reasoning            Evidence

524.      資格

Qualification

525.      可能

Possibility/Probability

526.      不可能

Impossibility/Improbability

527.      確定

Certainty

528.      不確定

Uncertainty

IV.推理的過程      529.      講/推理

Reasoning Processes            Reasoning

530.      駁倒

Confutation

V.推理的結果      531.      判斷

Results of Reasoning            Judgment

532.      發現

Discovery

533.      判斷錯誤

Misjudgment

534.      高估

Over-estimation

535.      相信

Belief

536.      主義

Principle

537.      孫文思想

Sun Yat-sen’s Thought

538.      共產主義

Communism

539.      不信

Unbelief

540.      懷疑

Doubt

541.      輕信

Credulity

542.      不輕信

Incredulity

543.      同意

Assent

544.      不同意

Dissent

545.      知識

Knowledge

546.      認得/識

Knowing

547.      文化

Culture

548.      科學

Science

549.      哲學

Philosophy

550.      漢學

Sinology

551.      無知

Ignorance

552.      學者

Scholar

553.      無知者

Ignoramus

554.      真實

Truth

555.      錯誤

Error

556.      準則

Maxim

557.      悖理

Absurdity

558.      智慧

Intelligence

559.      愚蠢

Imbecility

560.      聖賢

Sage

561.      笨瓜/蛋

Fool

562.      神智不健全

Insanity

VI.思考/想的延伸

  Extension of Thought

  (1)至過去      563.      記憶

    To the Past            Memory

564.      遺忘

Oblivion

  (2)至未來      565.      期望

To the Future            Expectation

566.      沒期望

Inexpectation

567.      失望

Disappointment

568.      占卜

Divination

569.      附身神諭

Oracle

VII.創意      570.      推想

Creative Thought            Supposition

571.      想像

Imagination

分類(貳) 意念的傳達

Division (II). Communication of Ideas

I.傳達之意念的性質      572.      (有)意義

Nature of Ideas Communicated            Meaning

573.      無意義

Unmeaningness

574.      能理解

Intelligibility

575.      不能理解

Unintelligibility

576.      雙義

Equivocalness

577.      比喻

Metaphor

578.      解釋

Interpretation

579.      翻譯

Translation

580.      誤解

Misinterpretation

581.      解釋者

Interpreter

II.傳達的方式或態度      582.      表明

  Modes of Communication            Manifestation

583.      潛隱

Latency

584.      通知

Information

585.      隱匿

Concealment

586.      揭發

Disclosure

587.      發表

Publication

588.      新聞業

Journalism

589.      通訊社

News Service

590.      報紙

新聞業            Newspaper

Journalism      591.      刊物

Periodical

592.      新/傳聞

News

593.      電視

Television

594.      廣播

Radio

595.      秘密

Secret

596.      傳達者

Messenger

597.      郵政

Post Service

598.      電話

Telephone

599.      肯定

Affirmation

600.      說

Say

601.      宣言

Declaration

602.      否定

Negation

603.      教育

Education

604.      教導

Teaching

605.      教錯/壞

Misteaching

教育      606.      學習

Education            Learning

607.      教導的人

Teacher

608.      學習的人

Learner

609.      課程

Course

610.      學校

School

611.      守真

Veracity

612.      虛偽

Falsehood

613.      欺騙

Deception

614.      不實

Untruth

615.      誇張

Exaggeration

III.傳達的方法或工具

Means of Communication

(1)自然的方法或工具      616.      指標

Natural Means            Indication

617.      姿/手勢

Gesticulation

618.      旗

Flag

619.      記/紀錄

Record

620.      歷史

History

621.      朝/國

Dynasty/State

622.      刪/塗

Obliteration

623.      記錄者

Recorder

624.      描述

Representation

625.      繪畫

Painting

626.      彫塑

Sculpture

627.      藝術家

Artist

(2)約定的方法或工具

    Conventional Means

A.語言通例      628.      語言

Language generally            Language

629.      字(母)

Letter

630.      字/詞

Word

631.      新詞/義

Neology

632.      方言

Dialect

633.      中共新詞

Chicom Neology

634.      國民黨新詞

KMT Neology

635.      命名

Nomenclature

636.      誤稱

Misnomer

637.      語句

Phrase

638.      文法

Grammar

639.      誤用語

Solecism

640.      文體

Style

641.      無耐力

Feebleness

642.      平易

Plainness

643.      華麗

Ornament

644.      高雅

Elegance

645.      不優雅

Inelegance

    B.口語      646.      聲音

Spoken Language            Voice

647.      失聲

Aphony

648.      言論

Speech

649.      口吃

Stammering

650.      多嘴

Loquacity

651.      寡言

Taciturnity

652.      致詞

Allocution

653.      致答

Response

654.      會談

Interlocution

655.      會議

Conference

656.      自言自語

Soliloquy

C.書面      657.      文章

Written Language            Writing

658.      寫(下)

Writing Down

659.      紙

Paper

660.      書法

Calligraphy

661.      印刷

Printing

662.      文書

Correspondence

663.      書籍

Book

664.      獻(書)

Dedication

665.      書名

Book Title

666.      百科全書

Encyclopedia

667.      經典

Classic

668.      史書

Historical Book

669.      小說

Novel

670.      版本

Edition

671.      插圖

Illustration

672.      頁碼

Pagination

673.      圖書館

Library

674.      描寫

Description

675.      文學

Literature

676.      小說寫作

Novelism

677.      論說/文

Dissertation

678.      概要

Compendium

679.      詩詞

Poetry

680.      對聯

Couplet

681.      散文

Prose

682.      戲劇

Drama

683.      演藝

Performance

684.      典故出處

Allusion

第伍類 意志

CLASS V. VOLITION

分類（壹） 個人意志

Division (I). Individual Volition

I.意志通例

Volition in General

(1)行為      685.      心意

Acts            Will

686.      必需

Necessity

687.      願意

Willingness

688.      不願意

Unwillingness

689.      決意

Resolution

690.      耐性

Perseverance

691.      優柔寡斷

Irresolution

692.      固執

Obstinacy

693.      變節/心

Tergiversation

694.      選擇

Choice

695.      選舉

Election

696.      候選人

Candidate

697.      競選

Electioneering

698.      投票

Voting

699.      拒收/受

Rejection

700.      衝動

Impulse

701.      習慣

Habit

702.      停用/止

Desuetude

(2)起因      703.      動機

  Causes            Motive

704.      勸阻

Dissuasion

705.      藉口

Plea

(3)客體      706.      善

Objects            Good

707.      惡

Evil

II.預期的意志

Prospective Volition

(1)觀念的      708.      意圖

Conceptional            Intention

709.      偶然

Chance

710.      賭博

Gamble

711.      賭具

Gambling Device

712.      追求

Pursuit

713.      迴避

Avoidance

714.      作罷

Relinquishment

715.      事務/業

Business

716.      工業

Industry

717.      計劃

Plan

718.      方法

Method

719.      迂迴

Deviousness

720.      要求

Requirement

(2)有益於目的

Subservience to Ends

A.實際助益      721.      助益

Actual Subservience            Instrumentality

722.      財源

Means

723.      器具

Instrument

724.      農(業機)具

Farming Implement

725.      電腦

Computer

726.      家用電器

Appliance

727.      用具/料

Materials

728.      儲存

Store

729.      消耗

Waste

730.      充足

Sufficiency

731.      不足

Insufficiency

732.      過多

Redundance

B.助益的程度      733.      重要

Degree of Subservience            Importance

734.      不重要

Unimportance

735.      有用

Utility

736.      無用

Inutility

737.      適宜

Expedience

738.      不適宜

Inexpedience

739.      好

Goodness

740.      壞

Badness

741.      完美

Perfection

742.      不完美

Imperfection

743.      清潔

Cleanness

744.      梳洗

Toilet

745.      廁所

Toilet Room

746.      不清潔

Uncleanness

747.      健康

Health

748.      生病

Sickness

749.      疾病

Disease

750.      癌症

Cancer

751.      傳染病

Epidemic

752.      有益健康

Salubrity

753.      不益健康

Insalubrity

754.      改善

Improvement

755.      惡化

Deterioration

756.      傷

Wound

757.      恢復

Restoration

758.      舊病復發

Relapse

759.      補救醫藥

Remedy

760.      美容

Cosmetology

761.      行醫

Practicing Medicine

762.      醫院

Hospital

763.      中醫師

Physician of Chinese Medicine

764.      中藥

Chinese Medicine

765.      毒害

Bane

766.      上癮的毒藥

Hard Drug

C.或許有助益      767.      安全

Contingent Subservience            Safety

768.      警察

Police

769.      鎮暴警察

Riot Police

770.      危險

Danger

771.      避難(所)

Refuge

772.      潛在的危險

Pitfall

773.      警告

Warning

774.      警報

Alarm

775.      保全

Preservation

776.      逃避

Escape

777.      救援

Deliverance

(3)前導措施      778.      準備

Precursory Measures            Preparation

779.      烹飪(術)

Culinary Art

780.      沒有準備

Non-preparation

781.      從事

Undertaking

782.      使用

Use

783.      不用

Disuse

784.      誤用

Misuse

III.行動

Action

(1)簡單的      785.      行動

Simple            Action

786.      不行動

Inaction

787.      活動

Activity

788.      不活動

Inactivity

789.      睡眠

Sleep

790.      夢

Dream

791.      急速

Haste

792.      空閑

Leisure

793.      努/盡力

Exertion

794.      運動

Sports

795.      球賽

Ball Game

796.      休息

Repose

797.      疲勞

Fatigue

798.      行動的人

Agent

799.      勞工

Laborer

800.      工作場所

Workshop

(2)複雜的      801.      管/處理

Complex            Conduct

802.      舉止

Behavior

803.      家務

Housekeeping

804.      指導

Direction

805.      指導者

Director

806.      勸告

Advice

807.      議會

Council

808.      議會開會(期)

Council in Session

809.      技能

Skill

810.      才能

Talent

811.      科技

Technology

812.      核子能

Nuclear Power

813.      沒有技能

Unskilfulness

814.      高手

Proficient

815.      笨拙的人

Bungler

816.      精明

Cunning

817.      政治

Politics

818.      樸實/拙

Artlessness

IV.敵對

Antagonism

(1)有條件的      819.      困難

Conditional            Difficulty

820.      簡易

Facility

(2)積極的      821.      阻礙

  Active            Hindrance

822.      節育

Birth Control

823.      援助

Aid

824.      反對

Opposition

825.      合作

Cooperation

826.      反對的人

Opponent

827.      幫助的人

Auxiliary

828.      黨派組織

Party

829.      團體

Organization

830.      秘密會社

Secret Society

831.      政黨

Political Party

832.      國民黨

Kuomintang

833.      中國共產黨

Chicom

834.      不和

Discord

835.      和諧

Concord

836.      挑戰

Defiance

837.      攻擊

Attack

838.      突襲

Surprise Assault

839.      防禦

Defense

840.      防禦工事

Fortification

841.      報復

Retaliation

842.      抵抗

Resistance

843.      競爭

Contention

844.      功夫

Kung Fu

845.      和平

Peace

846.      罷工/課

Strike

847.      戰爭

Warfare

848.      過時的戰爭

Premodern Warfare

849.      軍訓

Military Training

850.      戰略

Strategy

851.      戰術

Tactics

852.      講和

Pacification

853.      調停

Mediation

854.      投降

Submission

855.      部隊

Troop

856.      官

Officer

857.      兵

Enlisted Man

858.      軍事單位

Military Unit

859.      騎兵

Cavalry

860.      民兵

Militia

861.      烏合之眾

Rabble

862.      海軍

Navy

863.      軍艦

Warship

864.      空軍

Air Force

865.      軍用機

Military Airplane

866.      軍需

Quartermastership

867.      原始武器

Primitive Weapon

868.      傳統武器

Conventional Arms

869.      炸彈

Bomb

870.      化學武器

Chemical Weapon

871.      先進武器

Sophisticated Weapon

872.      競爭場地

Arena

V.行動的結果      873.      完成

Results of Action            Completion

874.      成功

Success

875.      失敗

Failure

876.      戰利品

Trophy

877.      勳/獎章

Medal

878.      繁榮

Prosperity

879.      苦難

Adversity

分類(貳)  社群意志

Division (II). Intersocial Volition

I.一般的      880.      權勢

General            Authority

881.      宗主權

Suzerainty

882.      主權

Sovereignty

883.      國家

Country

884.      中國

China

885.      掌權

Power-holding

886.      民主

Democracy

887.      外交

Diplomacy

外交      888.      大使館

Diplomacy            Embassy

889.      領事館

Consulate

890.      照會

Note

891.      政府

Government

892.      內閣

Cabinet

893.      地方政府

Local Government

894.      鬆懈

Laxity

895.      嚴格

Severity

896.      寬大

Lenity

897.      命令

Command

898.      聖旨

Edict

899.      不服從

Disobedience

900.      服從

Obedience

901.      強制

Compulsion

902.      首領

Master

903.      中國皇帝

Chinese Emperor

904.      朝廷

Court

905.      皇室

Imperial Family

906.      傳/讓位

Abdication

907.      外國君主

Foreign Ruler

908.      其他君主

Other Rulers

909.      女皇

Empress

910.      臣

Crown Servant

911.      後宮

Imperial Seraglio

912.      僕從

Servant

913.      權杖

Scepter

914.      自由

Freedom

915.      隸屬

Subjection

916.      封建

Feudalism

917.      解放

Liberation

918.      抑制

Restraint

919.      監獄

Prison

920.      監護人

Keeper

921.      囚犯

Prisoner

922.      人事

Personnel

923.      委派

Commission

924.      廢除

Abrogation

925.      辭職

Resignation

926.      受託人

Consignee

927.      代理人

Deputy

II.特別的      928.      允許

Special            Permission

929.      禁止

Prohibition

930.      許諾

Consent

931.      提供

Offer

932.      拒絕

Refusal

933.      請求

Request

934.      規諫

Deprecation

935.      請求/願的人

Petitioner

III.有條件的      936.      承諾

Conditional            Promise

937.      誓

Oath

938.      約定

Compact

939.      條約

Treaty

940.      議定條約

Negotiating a Treaty

941.      條約內容

Treaty Contents

942.      條件

Conditions

943.      保證

Security

944.      保險

Insurance

945.      不遵守

Non-observance

946.      妥協

Compromise

IV.財物關係

  Possessive Relations

(1)財物通則      947.      取得

  Property in General            Acquisition

948.      損失

Loss

949.      擁有

Possession

950.      免除

Exemption

951.      共與

Participation

952.      所有物/權

Property

953.      持留

Retention

954.      放棄

Relinquishment

(2)財物的讓渡      955.      讓渡

  Transfer of Property            Transfer

956.      給予

Giving

957.      收受

Receiving

958.      分配

Apportionment

959.      借出

Lending

960.      借用

Borrowing

961.      獲得

Taking

962.      歸還

Restitution

963.      偷取

Stealing

964.      搶劫

Plunder

965.      走私

Smuggling

966.      偷盜的人

Thief

967.      搶匪

Plunderer

968.      贓物/擄獲

Booty

(3)財物的交換      969.      易貨/買賣

  Interchange of Property            Barter

970.      貿易

Trade

971.      貿易談判

Trade Talk

972.      貿易障礙

Trade Barrier

973.      貿易收支/差額

Trade Balance

974.      購買

Purchase

975.      銷售

Sale

976.      商人

Merchant

977.      商品

Merchandise

978.      證券

Stock

979.      市場/店鋪

Mart

(4)金錢關係      980.      錢幣

  Monetary Relations            Money

981.      通貨膨脹

Inflation

982.      硬幣

Metallic Currency

983.      外匯

Foreign Exchange

984.      管錢的人

Treasurer

985.      金庫

Treasury

986.      銀行

Bank

987.      利率

Interest Rate

988.      信用狀

Letter of Credit

989.      財富

Wealth

990.      貧窮

Poverty

991.      信用

Credit

992.      負債

Debt

993.      支付

Payment

994.      不支付

Non-payment

995.      費用

Expenditure

996.      收益

Receipt

997.      帳目

Account

998.      財政

Finance

999.      價格

Price

1000.      賦稅

Tax

1001.      各種稅

Various Taxes

1002.      所得稅

Income Tax

1003.      關稅

Tariff

1004.      折扣

Discount

1005.      賤

Cheapness

1006.      慷慨

Liberality

1007.      經濟

Economy

1008.      浪費

Prodigality

1009.      吝嗇

Parsimony

第陸類 情

CLASS VI. AFFECTIONS

I.情之通例      1010.      感情

AFFECTIONS GENERALLY            Affections

1011.      感覺

Feeling

1012.      沒有感受

Unfeelingness

1013.      刺激

Excitation

1014.      激動

Excitability

1015.      不激動

Inexcitability

II.個人的

PERSONAL

(1)被動的      1016.      愉快

Passive            Pleasure

1017.      痛苦

Pain

1018.      悅人

Pleasurableness

1019.      煩人

Painfulness

1020.      滿足

Content

1021.      不滿足

Discontent

1022.      痛惜

Regret

1023.      安慰

Relief

1024.      快活

Cheerfulness

1025.      沮喪

Dejection

1026.      歡喜

Rejoicing

1027.      痛哭

Lamentation

1028.      大哭

Blubbering

1029.      哭泣

Weep

1030.      眼淚

Tears

1031.      娛樂

Amusement

1032.      釣魚

Angling

1033.      跳舞

Dancing

1034.      消遣

Pastime

1035.      棋

Board Game

1036.      電影

Movies

電影      1037.      錄影帶

Movies            Videotape

1038.      電影明星

Movie Star

1039.      獎

Award

1040.      影迷

Movie Buff

1041.      厭倦

Weariness

1042.      機智妙語

Wit

1043.      遲鈍

Dullness

1044.      幽默能手

Humorist

(2)有差別的      1045.      美

  Discriminative            Beauty

1046.      臉部美

Facial Beauty

1047.      優雅

Grace

1048.      妖艷

Coquetry

1049.      醜

Ugliness

1050.      裝飾

Ornament

1051.      飾物

Jewelry

1052.      缺陷

Blemish

1053.      美術

Fine Art

1054.      粗俗

Vulgarity

1055.      時尚

Fashion

1056.      荒謬

Ridiculousness

1057.      講究修飾的人

Fop

1058.      裝模作樣

Affectation

1059.      嘲笑

Ridicule

1060.      笑炳

Laughing-stock

(3)有關未來的      1061.      希望

  Prospective            Hope

1062.      無望

Hopelessness

1063.      怕

Fear

1064.      不敢

Undaringness

1065.      恐怖

Terror

1066.      驚嚇

Fright

1067.      煩憂

Worry

1068.      勇氣

Courage

1069.      大膽

Boldness

1070.      怯弱

Cowardice

1071.      輕率

Rashness

1072.      謹慎

Caution

1073.      慾望

Desire

1074.      情慾

Passion

1075.      饑餓

Hunger

1076.      不在乎

Indifference

1077.      厭惡

Dislike

(4)沉思的      1078.      驚異

  Contemplative            Wonder

1079.      驚駭

Startle

1080.      甚麼

What

1081.      奇異

Prodigy

(5)後天的      1082.      聲望

  Extrinsic            Repute

1083.      威望

Dignity

1084.      名人

Celebrity

1085.      民前名人

Celebrity before the Republic

1086.      民國名人

Celebrity of the Republic

1087.      外國名人

Foreign Celebrity

1088.      日本名人

Japanese Celebrity

1089.      英國名人

British Celebrity

1090.      美國名人

U.S. Celebrity

1091.      俄國名人

Russian Celebrity

1092.      聲譽壞

Disrepute

1093.      丟臉

Disgrace

1094.      貴族

Nobility

1095.      平民

Commonalty

1096.      頭銜

Title

1097.      高傲

Pride

1098.      謙卑

Humility

1099.      羞

Shame

1100.      虛榮自負

Vanity

1101.      謙虛有禮

Modesty

1102.      虛飾賣弄

Ostentation

1103.      選美

Beauty Pageant

1104.      節慶

Festival

1105.      慶生

Birthday

1106.      自誇自吹

Boasting

1107.      傲慢無禮

Insolence

1108.      卑屈

Servility

III.交感的

SYMPATHETIC

(1)社會的      1109.      友誼

Social            Friendship

1110.      敵意

Enmity

1111.      朋友

Friend

1112.      敵人

Enemy

1113.      善於交際

Sociality

1114.      拜訪

Visit

1115.      面善

Familiarness

1116.      索居

Seclusion

1117.      禮貌

Courtesy

1118.      陪笑

Ingratiating Smile

1119.      贈禮

Present

1120.      行禮

Obeisance

1121.      迎接

Welcome

1122.      送行

Farewell

1123.      稱謂

Salutation

1124.      尊稱

Honorific

1125.      自謙

Self-abasement

1126.      沒禮貌

Discourtesy

1127.      祝賀

Congratulation

1128.      愛

Love

1129.      喜愛

Like

1130.      寵愛

Idolization

1131.      性愛

Sexuality

1132.      醉心

Enamoredness

1133.      縱容

Connivance

1134.      恨

Hate

1135.      大怒

Incensement

1136.      怒/生氣

Anger

1137.      出氣

Venting Anger

1138.      賭氣

Sulk

1139.      義憤

Indignation

1140.      脾氣暴躁

Irascibility

1141.      生悶氣

Sullenness

1142.      示愛

Endearment

1143.      眉目傳情

Ogle

1144.      勾搭

Blandishment

1145.      調情

Dalliance

1146.      性行為

Sexual Activity

1147.      外遇

Infidelity

1148.      失戀

Lovelornness

1149.      淫蕩的人

Wanton

1150.      婚姻

Marriage

1151.      訂婚

Betrothal

1152.      婚禮

婚姻            Wedding

Marriage      1153.      圓房

Consummation

1154.      招/入贅

Uxorilocal Marriage

1155.      夫妻

Husband & Wife

1156.      離婚

Divorce

1157.      獨身

Celibacy

(2)廣佈的      1158.      慈愛

Diffusive            Kindness

1159.      仁

Benevolence

1160.      恩惠

Grace

1161.      惡意

Malevolence

1162.      咒罵

Malediction

1163.      毀謗

Vilification

1164.      威脅

Threat

1165.      博愛

Philanthropy

1166.      恩人

Benefactor

1167.      禍害

Evildoer

(3)特別的      1168.      憐憫

    Special            Pity

1169.      饒恕

Mercy

1170.      慰問

Condolence

(4)追溯的      1171.      感謝

Retrospective            Gratitude

1172.      忘恩

Ingratitude

1173.      原諒

Forgiveness

1174.      報仇

Revenge

1175.      妒忌

Jealousy

IV.道德的

MORAL

(1)義務      1176.      正當

  Obligations            Right

1177.      不正當

Wrong

1178.      應當

Dueness

1179.      不應當

Undueness

1180.      責任義務

Duty

1181.      玩忽職守

Dereliction

1182.      免除義務

Exemption from Duty

(2)情操      1183.      尊敬

  Sentiments            Respect

1184.      家禮

Family Obeisance

1185.      不尊敬

Disrespect

1186.      輕蔑

Contempt

1187.      冷笑

Sneer

1188.      贊成

Approbation

1189.      不贊成

Disapprobation

1190.      諂媚

Flattery

1191.      貶斥

Detraction

1192.      貶斥者

Detractor

1193.      辯護

Vindication

1194.      指控

Accusation

(3)狀況      1195.      廉正

  Conditions            Probity

1196.      不廉正

Improbity

1197.      狡詐之徒

Knave

1198.      無私

Disinterestedness

1199.      自私

Selfishness

1200.      美德

Virtue

1201.      道德

Morality

1202.      不道德

Vice

1203.      污染

Pollution

1204.      空氣污染

Air Pollution

1205.      無罪清白

Innocence

1206.      有/犯罪

Guilt

1207.      好人

Good Man

1208.      壞人

Bad Man

1209.      懺悔

Penitence

1210.      贖罪

Atonement

(4)實踐      1211.      不自制

  Practice            Intemperance

1212.      禁欲

Asceticism

1213.      節/戒酒

Sobriety

1214.      純潔

Purity

1215.      不純潔

Impurity

1216.      放蕩

Libertine

1217.      強姦

Rape

1218.      妓女

Prostitute

1219.      嫖妓

Whoring

1220.      妓院

Brothel

(5)制度      1221.      合法

  Institutions            Legality

1222.      法規

Statute & Regulation

1223.      民法

Civil Law

1224.      刑法

Criminal Law

1225.      不合法

Illegality

1226.      法律體系

Jurisprudence

1227.      法院

Tribunal

1228.      法官

Judge

1229.      律師

Lawyer

1230.      訴訟

Lawsuit

1231.      逮捕

Apprehension

1232.      審判

Trial

1233.      無罪開釋

Acquittal

1234.      罪的宣告

Condemnation

1235.      處罰

Punishment

1236.      體罰

Corporal Punishment

1237.      斬

Decapitation

1238.      處決

Execution

1239.      流配/放

Banishment

1240.      賞

Reward

1241.      罰鍰

Penalty

1242.      刑具

Scourge

V.宗教的

RELIGIOUS

(1)鬼神與地域      1243.      宗教

  Superhuman Beings and Regions            Religion

1244.      神

Deity

1245.      中國的神

Chinese Deity

1246.      神仙

Jinni

1247.      魔鬼

Demon

1248.      鬼魂

Ghost

1249.      妖精

Siren

1250.      天堂

Heaven

1251.      陰間

Netherworld

(2)教義      1252.      迷信

  Doctrines            Superstition

1253.      吉祥

Auspice

1254.      啟示

Revelation

(3)情操      1255.      虔誠

  Sentiments            Piety

1256.      不虔誠

Impiety

(4)行為      1257.      崇/禮拜

  Acts      Worship

1258.      祭祖

Ancestor Worship

1259.      巫術

Sorcery

1260.      咒符

Spell

1261.      巫師

Sorcerer

(5)機構或制度      1262.      教會

  Institutions            Churchdom

1263.      神職人員

Clergy

1264.      儀式

Rite

1265.      法衣

Canonicals

1266.      寺廟

Temple

1267.      佛教

Buddhism

1268.      佛

Buddha

1269.      佛經

Buddhist Sutra

1270.      佛教宗派

佛教            Buddhist Sect

Buddhism      1271.      喇嘛教

Lamaism

1272.      禪

Zen

1273.      剃度

Tonsuredness

1274.      托缽/鉢

Mendicancy

1275.      還俗

Secularizedness

1276.      道教

Taoism

1277.      道士/人

Taoist

1278.      驅邪

Exorcism

1279.      基督教

Christianity

1280.      回教

Islam

1281.      其他宗教

Other Religions

寶庫本文 The Thesaurus

1 存在       4 本質

1 存在 Existence

♥Internationally在國際間, he represented代表in the eyes of the foreign Powers在外國的眼中the de facto事實上的as well as以及;和(…一樣)the de jure法律上的government of China中國政府.  Chun-ming Chang, tr & ed by, CHIANG KAI-SHEK His Life and Times, 1981, P 54

♥In 1912在一九一二年, the date of the first extant letter to Dr. Sun第一封現存的致孫醫師信函的年份, he… C. Martin Wilbur: Sun Yat- sen: Frustrated Patriot, 1976

♥The eleventh and twelfth centuries十一與十二世紀were periods of extensive social legislation廣泛的社會福利立法期in order to目的在;以便於give the lower classes 給與社會下層的人們some degree of security某種程度的經濟保障and thus如此;這樣prevent them from attempting to upset防止他們試圖破壞/顛覆the status quo現狀. Wolfram Eberhard: A History of China, 1950

♥…a stool was thrown out of the darkness暗中擲出一張凳子and he was knocked down被打倒.  At the same time同時a knife fell clattering on the ground一把刀嘩啦落到地上.  Servants came running from all directions僕人從四面八方跑來, shouting高喊;喊叫: "Thief(拿)賊! Thief!" and some of them他們中有(些)人pounced on撲向him.

"It is only Lai Wang我是來旺兒," he cried大叫. "I have come to look for來找my wife妻子.  Why are you seizing me你們為何抓我?" Clement Egerton, tr by, The Golden Lotus, 1939, Vol I, P 357

♥"…My people人民have lived here for ages世居此處, and you and yours汝等;你們invaded侵犯/略my country國;邦without the least excuse毫無藉口;無故. How can you talk of rebellion to me何能向我談(論)造反?"

"You are my prisoner俘虜; will you submit汝心服/投降否or are you still仍然contumacious頑抗?" Lo Kuan-chung's Romance of the Three Kingdoms, tr by C.H. Brewitt-Taylor, 1925, Vol Two, P 285

2 實體 Substantiality

♥She also promised to sort out all Faithful's private effects and give them to her as soon as she had time還說等閒了將鴛鴦所有的東西俱賞他.  John Minford, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1986, Vol 5, P 212

♥‘…In Regulated Verse在律詩中there are always總是four四個couplets對句: the "opening起couplet對句, the developing承couplet, the turning轉couplet and the concluding合couplet"…That's to say也就是說, in each of those couplets在那些對句的每一個中the even tones of one line一行的平聲have to contrast with必須對oblique tones仄聲in the other另一行, and vice versa反之亦然, and the substantives實and non-substantives虛have to balance each other彼此平衡…’ David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1977, Vol 2, P 457

♥If one were a person of substance如果(一個人)是有資產的人it was safer to favor支持/贊成…比較安全constitutional monarchism君主立憲and gradualism漸進政策as espoused by 照/如…所信奉的Kang Yu-wei康有為and Liang Chi-chao梁啟超, both Kwangtung men of high status兩位都是聲望好/地位高的廣東人. C. Martin Wilbur: Sun Yat-sen: Frustrated Patriot, 1976

♥‘Rare object稀物!…Beastly thing勞什子! I don't want不要it!’ David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1973, Vol I, P 104

3 非實體 Unsubstantiality

♥He reached抵/到達Shanghai上海just in time to be elected及時獲選, as以…身份a senior元老級的figurehead名義領袖, to至the provisional presidency of the Chinese Republic中華民國臨時大總統職位.  John K. Fairbank and Edwin O. Reischauer, China: Tradition & Trans- formation, 1973, P 414

♥"…I asked him again for a little money再向他要求一點錢to buy stuff for shoes買做鞋的料子…He cursed罵me and gave me naught甚麼也沒給我…" Pearl S. Buck, Hearts Come Home and Other Stories, 1962, P 100

♥The emperor皇帝might可能in practice事實上be a completely powerless完全無權的figurehead名義上的首領, but但是he belonged屬於nevertheless然而, according to tradition根據傳統/慣例, to a family of divine origin帝王之家的一份子, which had obtained its office獲得權位not merely by the exercise of force but不只靠動武而且through經由a "divine mandate天命".  Wolfram Eberhard: A History of China, 1950

♥The Chou were also brought into the political sphere of the Shang也被帶入商的政治領域/範圍, as shown by the fact that如事實顯示marriages took place聯姻between the ruling houses統治家族之間of Shang and Chou, until直到the Chou state周國became成為nominally名義上dependent on從屬;依賴the Shang state in the form of以…的形式a dependency屬/列國with具有special prerogatives特權.  Wolfram Eberhard: A History of China, 1950

♥Trying to get money out of him想拿他的錢was as futile as grasping at a shadow, or trying to lay hold on the wind如捉影捕風, but, when在…的時候he himself他自己was getting money from從;自anyone else另外任何人;別人, his hand burrowed far into the sack(如)探囊取物.  Clement Egerton, tr by, The Golden Lotus, 1939, Vol II, P 82

♥We know that知道the Law never perisheth法初不滅.  It proceedeth into the void故歸空.  Clement Egerton, tr by, The Golden Lotus, 1939, Vol III, P 352

4 本質 Intrinsicalness

♥"I know my baby will be very special知道我的嬰兒將會非常傑出," said說a beaming笑容滿面的Jennie Tan. "He'll be intelligent有才能, imaginative富有想像力and an extrovert外向的人…" UPI, in China Post, Oct 13, 1987, P 6

♥innate先天/本有的: existing in存在於or belonging to屬於some person某人or other living organism其他生物體from birth自出生;與生俱來: NATIVE天賦的;與生俱來的, NATURAL天生的[innate vigor先天氣] Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, 1986, P 1165

♥Her rebuffs斷然拒絕angered her would-be suitors激怒了想追求她的人, who accused her of being unfriendly指控她不友善, a serious charge against a rising young Party member對一個前途有希望的年輕黨員是嚴重的責難who其;他should應該always總是;時常be convivial吃喝玩樂;平易近人and outgoing友善;外向的, a paragon模範;榜樣of Communist共產黨的rectitude正直. Fox Butterfield, China, Alive in the Bitter Sea, 1982, P 137

♥What a lovable old man多麼可愛的老人!  And Hsiao Ching was just完全;十分like像him in temperament在性格上.  Nancy Ing & Howard Goldblatt: The Execution of Mayor Yin and Other Stories from the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, 1978

♥‘…He's now他現在rising ten快十歲了;將近十歲and unusually mischievous淘氣/頑皮異常, yet可是;然而his mind is as sharp as a needle聰明乖覺…’ David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1973, Vol I, P 76

♥I was at once立刻impressed感動by his geniality和藹;親切, approachableness親近.  C. Martin Wilbur: Sun Yat-sen: Frustrated Patriot, 1976

♥virile vigor豪爽 Richard B. Mather, tr by, A New Account of Tales of the World, 1979

♥Borodin's intelligence智慧;才智and magnetic personality吸引人的個性are attested to被證實in在many許多of the Western西方的and Chinese中國的accounts敘述of the period時期/代. C. Martin Wilbur: Sun Yat-sen: Frustrated Patriot, 1976

♥He expressed the hope(表示)希望that "Wu Pei-fu, who is politically isolated政治上陷於孤立, in spite of儘管;縱使his dictatorial獨裁/斷的;自大的instincts本性, will將perhaps extend his hand to Sun或許向孫伸出援手…" C. Martin Wilbur: Sun Yat-sen: Frustrated Patriot, 1976

♥Much evidence can be marshaled to show可以整理出許多證據來顯示the inveterate stubbornness根深蒂固的頑強;頑固, if not rapacity若非貪婪, of foreign groups外國團體的in defense of their interests in China防衛他們在中國的利益… John K. Fairbank and Edwin O. Reischauer, China: Tradition & Trans- formation, 1973, P 386

♥The nation's soul would be healed國魂得以康復, and spirit would triumph over matter精神勝於物質.  Frederic Wakeman, Jr., Strangers at the Gate, 1966, P 61

♥"In many ways在許多方面/點上, Tai-Pan, you are more Chinese than I比我更具有中國人的特性." James Clavell: Tai-Pan, 1966

♥Aunt姑/姨媽Sarah had been the one to really open his eyes to his naiveté曾是真正使他瞭解他的純/天真的人. James Clavell: Tai-Pan, 1966

♥"I venture to ask what you mean by your vast, flowing passion nature敢問何謂浩然之氣!" The reply回答;答覆was, "It is difficult to describe難於描述it…It is exceedingly great, and exceedingly strong至大至剛.  Being nourished by rectitude, and sustaining no injury, it fills up all between heaven and earth以直養而無害,則塞于天地之間…" James Legge, D.D., LL.D., tr by, The Four Books, P 529

♥"He himself told me他自己告訴我what a sweet disposition好個性兒she has…" Clement Egerton, tr by, The Golden Lotus, 1939, Vol I, P 140

♥a man of heart性情中人

♥He was of a mild disposition稟性溫良and very popular頗孚眾望. Lo Kuan-chung's Romance of the Three Kingdoms, tr by C.H. Brewitt-Taylor, 1925, Vol One, P 597

4 本質      6 狀況

5 狀態 State

♥…mainland China中國大陸has fared little better with跟…處得也不太好its communist共產主義的friends友邦;朋友.  Reuter, in China Post, Nov 4, 1989, P 4

♥Police were so moved by his predicament, that警察因為太感動於他的境遇/困境所以they offered him the money提供錢給他to make up補/湊足the balance of the checks支票的差額. China Post

♥‘I’m not hungry我不餓. I'd only只有feel worse更難受if I tried to force something down假如勉強吃.’

‘Well in that case既這麼著,’ said說Aroma, ‘you should at least have an early night就索性早些歇著罷.’ John Minford, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1982, Vol 4, P 198

6 狀況 Circumstance

♥The discrepancy差異;矛盾between his hopes and the objective situations在他的希望與客觀情勢之間which so那麼/樣;如此repeatedly thwarted him再三使他的希望破滅raises questions about對…置疑the personality structure個性結構that drove him to pursue unrealizable goals驅使他追求不能實現的目標.  C. Martin Wilbur: Sun Yat-sen: Frustrated Patriot, 1976

♥‘…Tell him when you get back that你回家/去時告訴他I think認為it is an excellent proposal很好的主意/提議, and that I leave it to him由他自己決定to protest in any way he thinks fit以任何他認為適當的方式提出異議if the others show signs假如他人有跡象of going back on背棄it.  The one thing we must under no circumstances do is to go looking for land outside萬不可另尋地方…’ David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1973, Vol I, P 315

♥"You know知道how desperately you need money你如何急需金錢for由於;因為all the problems of government所有政府的難題—salaries薪酬, police治安;警力, the governor's palace總督府, roads道路, law courts法院… and a thousand無數的;千other things其他事物, and you certainly當然;必定canna use不能用the ransom money贖金/款as such做這些事;做此用途." James Clavell: Tai-Pan, 1966

♥Whether不論/管unemployed失業;投閒by choice自願or 〔by〕force of circumstances為環境所逼, the man responsible for編撰/負責…的人the present text現有本/原文of the San Kuo was a complete realist徹底的寫實主義者about關於the inner workings內部的運作of China's中國的Confucian state儒教治國.  Lo Kuan-chung's Romance of the Three Kingdoms, tr by C.H. Brewitt-Taylor, Vol One, 1925, P viii

♥"…From of old自古it has always been一向總是recognized that認定/知the hero must bow to circumstances識時務者為俊傑…" Lo Kuan-chung's Romance of the Three Kingdoms, tr by C. H. Brewitt-Taylor, 1925, Vol Two, P 174

♥"I am a man男人and no use in在…中無用a pinch危急情況;危機like this像這樣.  I cannot do anything無能為力.  What good plan have you to cover us你有什麼好辦法掩/庇護我們…?" Pearl S. Buck, tr by, All Men Are Brothers, 1933, Vol I, P 435

7 關係      8 國際關係

7 關係 Relation

♥"…trying企圖to block妨礙our substantive ties實質的關係with other countries跟其他國家, especially特別with those that recognize Peking承認北京的那些國家," he said說. Reuter, in China Post, Dec 21, 1988, P 15

♥Connections關係, quan-xi, in China在中國are not formed形成haphazardly隨便地 and on基於individual個人的whim隨興;興之所至, as in the West如在西方那樣, but are built up guardedly over a long period而是長期的慎重建立.  Fox Butterfield, China, Alive in the Bitter Sea, 1982, P 149

♥Chinese中國人, on the other hand(在)另一方面, instinctively本能/自然地divide people into把人分成those with whom they already have a fixed relationship, a connection他們已有固定關係的人, what the Chinese call中國人稱之為quan-xi, and those they don’t與他們沒有固定關係的人.  Fox Butterfield, China, Alive in the Bitter Sea, 1982, P 44

♥…Lao Wu and I would be stuck for several days longer than we wanted to會被困超出我們想要的數天之久because因為the once-a-day airplane flights一天一班的班機to到Peking北京were fully booked客滿. "It's no big problem不是大問題," my guide導遊from the local foreign affairs office來自當地外事處said with a self-confident smile有自信的微笑著說. "I will(想)要use my connections to get you a seat用我的關係為你得個坐位." Fox Butterfield, China, Alive in the Bitter Sea, 1982, P 27

♥I am pleased to note that我很高興注意到the labor-management relations勞資關係in Taiwan在臺灣have been harmonious一向和諧.

♥‘Whether she does or not她做不做,’ said說Bao-yu, ‘what concern is it of mine與我什麼相干？’ David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1973, Vol I, P 440

♥Chinese中國人call it稱之為;叫做"taking the back door 走後門," zou-hou-men. Fox Butterfield, China, Alive in the Bitter Sea, 1982, P 92

♥As regards至/關於ages年齡/代and dates日期;年月日—indeed確實;真是, almost幾乎anything任何事;什麼都at all在任何方面in which在其中numbers are involved牽涉到數字—Xueqin is a translator's despair令譯者失望的人… David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1973, Vol I, P 42

♥Or, as he put it如他所說/寫a little later稍後apropos of關於his accepting接受Hongkong香港in place of代替Chusan: "It is clear that分明是…" Peter Ward Fay, The Opium War, 1975, P 309

♥…hereinafter referred to as the act以下簡稱該法案…

♥In other respects在其他方面the Chinese中國人were not doing as well as might have been assumed做得不如原先假定的好. Wolfram Eberhard: A History of China, 1950

♥Now這時the magistrate縣太爺was on the best of terms with和…最好;和…關係最親密Sung Chiang and he had the desire to let him escape有意讓他逃脫… Pearl S. Buck, tr by, All Men Are Brothers, 1933, Vol I, P 360

8 國際關係 International Relation

♥When在…之時Mayor市長Ed Koch of New York紐約came to Peking到北京來to establish a sister-city relationship締結姐妹市關係with the Chinese capital跟這個中國首都… Fox Butterfield, China, Alive in the Bitter Sea, 1982, P 289

♥In August 1949在一九四九年八月the State Department(美國)國務院issued發佈/表 United States Relations With China: With Special Reference to the Period 1944-1949, popularly known as the White Paper中美關係白皮書…

This這is an ex parte片面的account of what had allegedly happened對所謂發生之情況的敘述, without admitting any mistakes沒有承認任何錯誤in United States policy 在美國(的)政策上. Chun-ming Chang, tr & ed by, CHIANG KAI-SHEK His Life and Times, 1981, P 906

♥The late故Dr.醫師Sun Yat-sen孫逸仙/中山was fond of喜歡calling China and Japan ‘fraternal countries稱中日為兄弟之邦.’ The relationship between the two countries兩國之間的關係is one of interdependence唇齒相依/互相依賴(的關係). Chun-ming Chang, tr & ed by, CHIANG KAI-SHEK His Life and Times, 1981, P 224

♥Territorial propinquity creates special relations between countries領土(相)接近國家之間,所生特殊之關係, and, consequently因此;所以, the Government of the United States美國政府recognizes that Japan has special interests in China承認日本國在中國有特殊之利益… Chun-ming Chang, tr & ed by, CHIANG KAI-SHEK His Life and Times, 1981, P 84

♥First首先;第一, if China and Japan can cooperate with each other sincerely假如中日能(彼此)真誠合作and on the basis of在…基礎上real equality真正平等, there will be coexistence and co-prosperity會有共存共榮. Chun-ming Chang, tr & ed by, CHIANG KAI-SHEK His Life and Times, 1981, P 225

♥As作為the leading主要的"Treaty Power締約國", with(具)有large廣泛/大economic and financial財經stakes永久利益;利害關係in China在中國, Great Britain大不列顛;英國certainly當然did not favor不贊成/支持Dr. Sun’s孫文的;孫醫師的attempts企圖… C. Martin Wilbur: Sun Yat-sen: Frustrated Patriot, 1976

8 國際關係      8 國際關係

♥The Japanese people日本人(民)used習慣於to advocate提倡;鼓吹friendship 友誼on the grounds of以…為理由a common racial stock and culture同種同文, but但是their way of treating China對待中國的方式/手段is more reprehensible than that of other foreign powers比其他外國(的方式/手段)更應該/值得譴責. C. Martin Wilbur: Sun Yat-sen: Frustrated Patriot, 1976

♥…Secretary of State國務卿John Hay海氏issued發出his first第一次Open Door門戶開放notes通牒/告. John K. Fairbank and Edwin O. Reischauer, China: Tradition & Transformation, 1973, P 385

♥By the turn of the century在本世紀交替之時there was hardly幾乎沒有;很少有a self-respecting western nation有自尊的西方國家that did not move freely自由活動along China's coasts沿著中國的海岸and up溯上/行her rivers河川, that did not fly its own flag懸掛其本國/自己的旗幟, direct指揮its own gunboats砲艇/艦, practice實施its own law法律, and effectively protect有效地保護its own citizens國民on Chinese soil在中國的土地上. The foreigners外國人did not carve China up沒有把中國分割as像…一樣they carved up Africa非洲.  They did not take her over沒有接管她(中國)as the English 英國人took over India接管印度…  Peter Ward Fay, The Opium War, 1975, P 364

♥The foreign powers moved toward外國改變意見為dismembering分割the empire帝國, "cutting up the Chinese melon瓜分中國," while在…之時the ruling class執政階層strove努力;力求to save the traditional state-and-culture挽救傳統的國家文化by something more than用比…更甚的什麼東西"self-strengthening自強"—namely即, the "reform of institutions變法." John K. Fairbank and Edwin O. Reischauer, China: Tradition & Transformation, 1973, P 371

♥…this era of financial imperialism這個金融勢力延伸的時代…has given已經給與/予 patriotic Chinese中國的愛國之士ever since從那時到現在an indelible無法消除的;難忘的hatred憎恨for對於the whole treaty system整個的條約系列as視作;像a "foreign imperialist yoke外國帝國主義的桎梏." John K. Fairbank and Edwin O. Reischauer, China: Tradition & Transformation, 1973, P 384

♥…mustered集結such如此(大)的coercive force壓力;強制力that以致President總統Li was compelled被迫/逼to acquiesce默認, and on March 14, 1917在一九一七年三月十四日he declared the severance of diplomatic relations宣佈斷絕外交關係with跟;與the Central Powers軸心國. C. Martin Wilbur: Sun Yat-sen: Frustrated Patriot, 1976

♥Finally最後, in 1882在一八八二年the French法國人seized奪取Hanoi河內, set up by treaty憑約建立a protectorate保護政府;保護的關係over控制Annam安南, and at once立刻had to非…不可;不得不send for reinforcements派人求援. John K. Fairbank and Edwin O. Reischauer, China: Tradition & Transformation, 1973, P 352

♥…he added dryly冷冷/諷刺地進一步說, "We're not concerned with conquest, only with peaceful trade我們不關心征服,只關心和平/平順貿易. Though we do consider this area a totally British sphere of influence雖然我們的確認為本區全為英國勢力範圍."  James Clavell: Tai-Pan, 1966

♥He called for要求establishing建立an Asian亞洲的collective security system集體安全系統/體系.

"For centuries數世紀以來we've been allies我們一直是盟邦/友, and we're both兩者/國;雙方at odds with與…不和France法國, our hereditary enemy世仇;世代敵人." James Clavell: Tai-Pan, 1966

♥A constructive relationship建設性的關係with China與中國is also也important重要for對於global and regional equilibrium全球及區域的均勢.

"Britain英國and Russia俄國are hereditary allies世代盟邦and their interests are similar利益相似…" James Clavell: Tai-Pan, 1966

♥Under根據;依…規定the Most Favoured Nation clause最惠國條款…these這些privileges特權had then to be granted to當時不得不授予other states which had made no loans to China未貸款給中國的其他國家.  Clearly顯然a vicious spiral惡性循環, which in the end could only bring disaster到頭來只能帶來災害/難. Wolfram Eberhard: A History of China, 1950

♥The result was that risings of the Hsiung-nu took place結果發生匈奴反叛, whereupon Wang Mang commanded that因此王莽下令the whole of their country其全國should應該be partitioned被瓜分/分割among共享;在…中間fifteen十五個shan-yü單于and declared宣稱the country to be a Chinese province成為中國的一省. Wolfram Eberhard: A History of China, 1950

♥…allying himself with(使自己)與…結盟/親the Kitan契丹and ceding割讓to給them some of the northern provinces某些北方省份. Wolfram Eberhard: A History of China, 1950

♥They had also to reward也不得不酬庸/謝the nineteen十九個tribes of the Hsiung-nu匈奴部落in the north在北方for為了their military aid軍援, not only不但with用;以cessions of land割地but而且with payments of money付款/錢. Wolfram Eberhard: A History of China, 1950

9 干涉      11親戚

９ 干涉 Intervention

♥…said that說U.S. diplomats meddled in domestic politics美國外交官干涉內政. AP, in China Post, May 24, 1988, P 2

♥…considers認為the sale銷售interference in domestic affairs干涉內政. AP

♥…accused指控the Philippines' Western allies菲律賓的西方盟邦of meddling in the country's internal affairs干涉該國內政… AP

♥The United States is prepared to cooperate with them美國準備跟他們合作in their great struggles在他們偉大的奮鬥中for為justice正義;公平, economic progress經濟發展and freedom自由from免於external intervention外力干涉…the French adopted a policy of non-intervention法國人採取不干涉政策and neutrality中立… C. Martin Wilbur: Sun Yat-sen: Frustrated Patriot, 1976

♥…restrain them from interfering in China's domestic affairs阻/防止他們干涉中國內政. C. Martin Wilbur: Sun Yat-sen: Frustrated Patriot, 1976

♥…all other Chinese political leaders所有其他中國的政治領袖supported支持Yuan in就;在…方面his resistance to Japan's Twenty-One Demands抵制日本的二十一條款.  Thus於是;因此, Sun's actions行為were widely condemned普遍譴責as unpatriotic為不愛國, and his image was compromised形象受到傷害. C. Martin Wilbur: Sun Yat-sen: Frustrated Patriot, 1976

♥Japan日本followed this隨此之後on January 18, 1915在一九一五年一月十八日, by以 secretly presenting to秘密提交Yüan Shih-k’ai袁世凱Twenty-One Demands二十一條要求;二十一條款… John K. Fairbank and Edwin O. Reischauer, China: Tradition & Transformation, 1973, P 420

10 兼∕吞併 Annexation

♥…warned警告of關於the danger危險of antiforeignism排外…  C. Martin Wilbur: Sun Yat-sen: Frustrated Patriot, 1976

♥Like North Vietnam如北越一樣, the northern part of Korea朝鮮北部had been incorporated in the Han empire已被併/納入漢帝國in 108 B.C.在西元前一○八年… John K. Fairbank and Edwin O. Reischauer, China: Tradition & Transformation, 1973, P 359

♥…hoped希望to protect Korea against Japanese or Russian absorption保護朝鮮不被日俄合/吞併by以getting her into treaty relations with all the trading powers使其跟所有的貿易國產生締約關係, whose commerce其通商would會create vested interests形/造成既得利益in在…之上Korea's independence獨立, a strategy策略of "using barbarians to offset barbarians以夷制夷." John K. Fairbank and Edwin O. Reischauer, China: Tradition & Trans- formation, 1973, P 363

♥…xenophobia仇視/畏懼外國人;仇外was combined with a complete confidence in cultural superiority兼有文化優越的充分自信. John K. Fairbank and Edwin O. Reischauer, China: Tradition & Transformation, 1973, P 178

♥The Sung suffered a heavy defeat宋朝大敗; they had to pay tribute不得不納貢, and the Toba拓跋annexed兼併parts of their northern territory其部分北方領土. Wolfram Eberhard: A History of China, 1950

♥One campaign followed another連番征戰in the years from 230 to 222從二三○到二二二年間, until all the feudal states had been conquered, annexed直到征服兼併/併吞了所有的藩國, and brought under Shih Huang-ti’s rule納入始皇帝的統治. Wolfram Eberhard: A History of China, 1950

♥…he annexed兼併the "Earlier Yen前燕" realm領土;王國of the proto-Mongols原始蒙古人;蒙古原人…annihilated消滅the Chinese漢人的;中國人的"Earlier Liang前涼" realm… Wolfram Eberhard: A History of China, 1950

♥The southern南方的Hsiung-nu匈奴were compelled被迫to submit to歸附the Chinese漢人;中國人in order to gain security from their other enemies以便受到其他敵人侵襲時獲得保護. Wolfram Eberhard: A History of China, 1950

♥During the 260 years of alien rule在外族統治的二六○年期間in North China在華北, the picture狀況of South China華南also was full of change變動也很大. Wolfram Eberhard: A History of China, 1950

11 親戚 Relative

♥relative親戚: a person connected with another跟另一人有關係的人by blood因血統or affinity姻親/緣. Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary, 1986, P 994

♥‘…and Bao-yu’s own自己的godmother乾媽…’ John Minford, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1982, Vol 4, P 40

♥Unfortunately不幸;偏巧the foster-mother乾娘/媽chose to regard this as a public humiliation要把這當作公然羞辱for對於her and grew even angrier更氣了. David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1980, Vol 3, P 128

♥…‘that saved all our lives救了我們大家的性命and became成為a blood-brother to the master大爺的盟弟.’ David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1980, Vol 3, P 312

♥‘…The Lins may be too poor to afford a square meal雖貧/窮到沒飯吃, but they are people of education也是世代書香人家. They'd never他們不會sink敗落so low as那麼落魄/低級以至於to hand over responsibility for one of their own number to把對他們自己(親)人的責任交給their marriage-kin親戚…’ David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1980, Vol 3, P 93

♥…his foster-brother奶兄Li Gui… David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1977, Vol 2, P 545

♥Of the five famous Confucian relationships五倫之中—between在…之間ruler and subject君臣, father and son父子, husband and wife夫婦, elder brother and younger brother長幼;兄弟, and friend and friend朋友—three三were determined by由…予以決定kinship親戚關係.  China's中國的whole整個的ethical system倫理制度tended to be family-centered往往會以家庭為中心, not oriented toward God or the state並不以上帝或國家為目標. John K. Fairbank and Edwin O. Reischauer, China: Tradition & Transformation, 1973, P 15

♥‘…You have no idea你不知道, cousin嫂子;表∕堂嫂;表∕堂弟妹,’ she said說… David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1977, Vol 2, P 31

♥…her elder cousins' wives嫂子們would not be eating with them不會跟她們一起吃飯… David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1973, Vol I, P 99

♥…Gou-er invited邀his mother-in-law岳母, old Grannie Liu劉姥姥, to come and live with them來跟他們一起住. David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1973, Vol I, P 151

♥"…to teach the relations of humanity教以人倫:—how如何, between father and son, there should be affection父子有親; between sovereign and minister, righteousness君臣有義; between husband and wife, attention to their separate functions夫婦有別; between old and young, a proper order長幼有序; and between friends, fidelity朋友有信…" James Legge, D.D., LL.D., tr by, The Four Books, P 630

♥"Why為什麼should要;應該we war衝突;打仗on對;跟kith and kin親友;親戚朋友?  But但是if the people of the Isles假如(不列顛)群島的人ever decide的確決定to war on the States跟美國開戰, watch out當心, by God必定.  Because因為you're finished你們完啦;你們敗定了." James Clavell: Tai-Pan, 1966

♥father's generation 父執輩

♥…the General將軍treated him as though he were a relation把做親人一般看待. Pearl S. Buck, tr by, All Men Are Brothers, 1933, Vol I, P 509

♥"My stepmother cannot bear me繼母不見容; my life is in danger命在垂危.  O哦Master先生;大師, will是否;想要you not say a word進一言;給予指示/教to save me救我?" Lo Kuan-chung's Romance of the Three Kingdoms, tr by C.H. Brewitt-Taylor, 1925, Vol One, P 411

♥"How are you您好嗎, Aunt嬸嬸Sarah?" James Clavell: Tai-Pan, 1966

♥"Where are the two ladies兩位夫人何在?"

"They are among the hills在山中," replied回答Liao…

"Sisters二嫂;嫂子們have you been alarmed受驚否?" asked問道he. Lo Kuan-chung's Romance of the Three Kingdoms, tr by C.H. Brewitt-Taylor, 1925, Vol One, P 281

♥When leaving the palace離宮時Ts'ao gave strict orders to the keepers嚴令守衛saying說"Any one of the Imperial relatives by marriage who enter進入…的任何外戚宗族the Palace will將會be put to death處死, and the guards守衛will share the same punishment連坐受刑for lack of zeal為怠忽職守." Lo Kuan-chung's Romance of the Three Kingdoms, tr by C.H. Brewitt-Taylor, 1925, Vol One, P 254

♥…been on the point of正要speaking to his daughter's in-laws向他親家說about有關;關於the possibility可能性of… David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1973, Vol I, P 200

♥"Most noble father-in-law泰山, why have you done me such honor何故寵賜如此榮幸/禮遇?" Pearl S. Buck, tr by, All Men Are Brothers, 1933, Vol I, P 95

♥…run head-on into her daughter跟她女兒撞個滿懷;碰到她女兒, all dressed up in her best clothes盛裝;穿著最好的衣服having just arrived剛到on從事a visit探望;訪問from自her mother-in-law's他婆家. David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1973, Vol I, P 173

♥"… You are to treat him as a father事之如父and serve侍奉him without remissness 不得怠慢…" Lo Kuan-chung's Romance of the Three Kingdoms, tr by C.H. Brewitt-Taylor, 1925, Vol Two, P 259

♥The dying man垂死的人called K’ung-ming closer令孔明更接近些, and at the same time making his two sons come near同時命二子走近, he said to跟/向…說them, "My sons, remember your father’s words記住父皇/親的話. After my death you are to treat the Prime Minister as you would your father and be not remiss朕亡之後,爾兄弟三人,皆以父事丞相,不可怠慢, for因為thereby藉此you will將會fulfil實現your father’s hopes希望." Lo Kuan-chung’s Romance of the Three Kingdoms, tr by C.H. Brewitt-Taylor, 1925, Vol Two, P 258

♥"…O噢;哦Minister-Father相父, I am…" Lo Kuan-chung’s Romance of the Three Kingdoms, tr by C.H. Brewitt-Taylor, 1925, Vol Two, P 263

♥"…you hold him as an uncle以他為叔!" said說Meng Ta with a smile含笑;微笑著. "Yet然而I do not think he holds you much as a nephew認為他不大/甚以你為侄…" Lo Kuan-chung’s Romance of the Three Kingdoms, tr by C.H. Brewitt-Taylor, 1925, Vol Two, P 173

♥"…you have looked upon me as a son視某如子; I have looked up to尊敬you as a father父…" Lo Kuan-chung’s Romance of the Three Kingdoms, tr by C.H. Brewitt-Taylor, 1925, Vol Two, P 378

11 親戚      12 血緣關係

12 血緣關係 Consanguinity

♥Pi, a Taiwan-born native of Chekiang臺灣出生的浙江人, arrived on the mainland last Thursday上週四到達大陸to visit relatives 探親, to trace his roots 尋根… China Post, Oct 28, 1987, P 11

♥…to keep the old three-generation Chinese family still living under one roof三代同堂. Fox Butterfield, China, Alive in the Bitter Sea, 1982, P 218

♥There may be可能存在;可能有the makings of a generation gap代溝的構/形成in China在中國, but as Chinese young people move into their twenties不過中國的年輕人進入二十幾歲時, they do not yet go through尚未經歷/體驗the trauma創傷or triumph成功的喜悅of an identity crisis認清自我關頭, as Americans and other Westerners do如美國人與其他西方人那樣. Fox Butterfield, China, Alive in the Bitter Sea, 1982, P 213

♥‘We’re all one family—all one flesh and blood一家骨肉…’ David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1973, Vol I, P 237

♥Insofar as在(如此)…的程度senior kinsmen尊親屬are obliged to必須;不得不heed注意the requests請/要求of their juniors後/晚輩, they are under a general obligation to有概括性的義務do so這樣做, just as正如juniors are under a general obligation to provide comfort and support for供養their seniors長輩. Arthur P. Wolf, ed by, Studies in Chinese Society, 1978, P 168

♥Are有;存在you and Tom any sort of kin任何種類的血緣關係? Ernest Hemingway: Islands in the Stream, 1970

♥There are too many other particular有太多其他特殊的loyalties忠誠: village村莊, sib親族/戚, land土地, or even或甚至dialect方言. Frederic Wakeman, Jr., Strangers at the Gate, 1966, P 56

♥"…Shu-ming’s consanguinity親族關係will be a greater將會是一個較/更大的obstacle障礙;干擾than比mere單純length of service服務期間…" Lo Kuan-chung’s Romance of the Three Kingdoms, tr by C.H. Brewitt-Taylor, 1925, Vol Two, P 163

♥They must go to the capital必定上京;必定去首都to look up their kinsfolk望/探親there(在)那裡. David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1973, Vol I, P 119

♥This is這是the patriarchal idea族長觀念, according to which根據此一觀念the family is the cell of society家庭是社會的基層組織, and at the head of the family stands the eldest male adult在家庭中領頭的是年齡最長的男性成年人as做為a sort種of patriarch 族長. Wolfram Eberhard: A History of China, 1950

♥Family Council親屬會議

♥"You are a close kinsman至親.  Why shouldn't you join us為何不跟我們一起?" Clement Egerton, tr by, The Golden Lotus, 1939, Vol I, P 255

♥"…and flesh-and-blood relatives血/近親have secured the family happiness保障/鞏固了家庭幸福…" Peter Ward Fay, The Opium War, 1975, P 363

♥Both兩者the high高度的correlation相互關係;關連, as well as以及the obvious relationship明顯的關係of the Hsieh and the Wang kin王氏一族, who他們shared共用generational names 輩名, suggested that暗示the militia federations自衛隊聯盟may have been successful可能是成功/圓滿的in Kwantung在廣東precisely because的確因為they were conglomerates 凝聚體of preexisting先前存在的clan宗族"banners旗兵." Frederic Wakeman, Jr., Strangers at the Gate, 1966, P 114

♥…the rulers統治者had有a patrilinear system of inheritance世襲制度.  After the death of the ruler his brothers followed him on the throne, the older brothers first兄終弟及.  After the death of all brothers所有兄弟均死後, the sons of older or younger brothers兄或弟的兒子became成為rulers. Wolfram Eberhard: A History of China, 1950

♥From these facts根據這些事實and from the general structure of Shang religion根據商朝宗教的大致結構it has been concluded that已經推斷there was有a strong matrilinear strain一種明顯的母系血統in在…中Shang culture文化.  Although this cannot be proved雖然這點無法證明, it seems似乎quite plausible相當/十分可信because因為we know of知道…存在matrilinear societies母系社會in the South of China在中國(的)南方at later times在其後的時代. Wolfram Eberhard: A History of China, 1950

♥And a few minutes later幾分鐘後the residence was surrounded by a crowd of armed men住家/宅被一群武裝人員包圍sent to murder被派來殺害the inmates全家老幼;家人, whom他們(全家老幼;家人)they bound捆綁, carried off to the market-place帶到市上/場 and put to the sword砍殺. Lo Kuan-chung's Romance of the Three Kingdoms, tr by C.H. Brewitt-Taylor, 1925, Vol Two, P 510

12 血緣關係      13 父母子女

13 父母子女 Parent & Child

♥Sooner or later早晚the widow寡婦would remarry會改嫁/再婚, reasoned推斷one of Lin Shi’s uncles林市的一位叔/伯, who他promptly立刻;迅速地dispossessed Lin Shi and her mother of the tile-roofed house that was their sole remaining possession, and moved in himself侵佔了林市和阿母最後的一間瓦屋. Howard Goldblatt and Ellen Yeung, tr by, The Butcher’s Wife, 1990, P 6

♥A widow and a fatherless child寡母孤兒—worse yet(然而)更糟/壞的是, not even a male甚至無男人/性who他could能at least至少be expected指望to carry on the line傳宗接代.  Howard Goldblatt and Ellen Yeung, tr by, The Butcher’s Wife, 1990, P 5

♥A landmark study released Wednesday proves that於星期三發表的一項劃時代的研究證明/實adopted children被收養的孩子, no matter what the background of their natural parents不論親生父母的背景如何, have higher IQs有較高的智商if假如raised撫養in affluent homes在富裕/足的家庭…

…the average IQ of adoptees養子女的平均智商is about(大)約12 points點;分higher較高when they are reared in a prosperous family他們被養育在富裕/足之家時than比in poorer home較貧窮之家(庭). UPI, in China Post, Aug 18, 1989, P 3

♥Soochow University law dean東吳大學法學院長Winston Chang章孝慈, natural son of the late President Chiang Ching-kuo故總統蔣經國的私生子…who bears his mother’s surname他隨母姓… China Post, Oct 22, 1988, P 12

♥…her father父親broke all relations with和…斷絕一切關係his friend朋友and disowned his daughter跟他女兒脫離(父女)關係;拒絕承認跟他女兒有(父女)關係… C. Martin Wilbur, Sun Yat-sen: Frustrated Patriot, 1976

♥‘…this這個senior branch of the family長房is doomed to extinction命定要絕後/種!’ David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1973, Vol I, P 259

♥Dai-yu realized that瞭解;領悟this must be這必定是where the elder branch of her grandmother’s family lived她外婆家長房居住的地方. David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1973, Vol I, P 87

♥As soon as he saw他一看到his eldest son大兒子;長子amidships在船中部, his heart turned over心臟激烈跳動. James Clavell: Tai-Pan, 1966

♥"Single parents單親accounted for佔26 percent of all family groups所有各組家庭的百分之二十六with children under 18 years old有十八歲以下的孩子/兒童…Single-parent families單親家庭increased增加了27 percent between 1980 and 1985在一九八○年與一九八五年之間. AP

♥"…Mother and daughter, we我娘兒兩個must for the rest of our lives depend on you for everything餘生得全靠你了…" Pearl S. Buck, tr by, All Men Are Brothers, 1933, Vol I, P 341

♥Many許多child mothers童母have second babies生第二胎;生第二個孩子while still in their teens仍在十幾歲時, further miring themselves in a swamp of poverty更使她們自己陷入貧窮的泥淖, ignorance無知;愚昧and despair絕望where在此情況中they create new generations製造新幾代的of child mothers. AP

♥Mother-son rift母子失和 headline, China Post, Jun 6, 1988, P 3

♥"The tiger fathers have not begotten curs of sons虎父無犬子," said說… Lo Kuan-chung’s Romance of the Three Kingdoms, tr by C.H. Brewitt-Taylor, 1925, Vol Two, P 233

♥This foreign visitor這位外國遊/訪客gives his son a ride on his shoulders讓兒子騎在肩上, for a better view of the colorful activities對這些多采多姿的活動看得更清楚… China Post

♥"…Let my stupid son讓愚男knock his head before you four times as Elder Brother跟你磕四個頭認作兄長and so express our reverence for you以表恭敬之心." Pearl S. Buck, tr by, All Men Are Brothers, 1933, Vol I, P 496

♥"It seems, too, that也似乎you have many enemies有許多敵人, Senhor Struan史純先生. That…claimed聲稱your—your natural son庶子;私生子, Gordon Chen, was the leader首領." James Clavell: Tai-Pan, 1966

♥affiliate認領: To admit as one's own child承認是自己的孩子; adopt收養. The New American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 1969, P 22

♥"…I besought the former magistrate that請/懇求前任縣太爺he give給me a proof執憑;證明of my son’s兒子的disinheritance斷絕父子關係;廢嫡, and this這個(執憑;證明) I will now現在將會show you給你看…" Pearl S. Buck, tr by, All Men Are Brothers, 1933, Vol I, P 362

♥"I have lost失去了my first born son長子, but然而I grieve悲傷/痛not so heavily沒有那麼沉重/厲害for(因)為him as像;如for Tien Wei.  I weep for him為他哭泣." Lo Kuan-chung’s Romance of the Three Kingdoms, tr by C.H. Brewitt-Taylor, 1925, Vol One, P 173

♥"T’an is your first born長子and he is in a position of authority beyond your control其權勢超出你的控制…" Lo Kuan-chung's Romance of the Three Kingdoms, tr by C.H. Brewitt-Taylor, 1925, Vol One, P 326

13 父母子女      14 兄弟姐妹

14兄弟姐妹 Sibling

♥When it comes to涉及/談到…時understanding瞭解financial aid資助, Martin Gallagher believes that相信being a part of a big family作為大家庭的一份子helps有助益.  He has five brothers and sisters有五個兄弟姐妹and his older siblings兄姐, he says說, helped協助pave the way through the financial aid maze在資助的迷宮中開了一條道/通路. AP, in China Post, Jun 30, 1989, P 12

♥"I had two older brothers有兩個哥哥, an older sister姐姐;姊姊, and two younger sisters妹妹, and we also也had my grandfather祖父;爺爺and three aunts三位姑姑and uncles叔叔;伯伯who他們(叔叔;伯伯)lived next to us住在我們隔壁." Fox Butterfield, China, Alive in the Bitter Sea, 1982, P 49

♥The absence無;不存在of sibling rivalry鬩牆;兄弟姐妹之抗爭, given假定…是實the predatory instincts搶奪破壞的本能Ethan and Sarah sometimes時常;有時showed for each other彼此展現的, was remarkable不尋常. Fox Butterfield, China, Alive in the Bitter Sea, 1982, P 207

♥‘…He says說it was Great-grandfather who took the initiative in是曾祖父主動making the alliance between our families我們兩家聯姻because theirs was so rich and influential因為他家富而有勢, so that所以by rights he ought to be Father's equal論理我(他)和你(我)父親是一/同輩.  He says he was a fool呆子to marry娶me, because that makes Father his senior因為這使父親成為他的長輩…’ David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1980, Vol 3, P 611

♥‘…The youngest年齡最輕的, Xi-chun, is sister-german to Mr Jia Zhen珍爺的胞妹…’  David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1973, Vol I, P 81

♥‘Tell me告訴我, sonny哥兒/們, is there a Mrs Zhou living here有位周太太住在這裡嗎?’ David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1973, Vol I, P 154

♥I asked問Li Chieng-cua if a man's sons have to have their father's permission to divide the family兒子們要分家是否必須獲得父親的允許. Arthur P. Wolf, ed by, Studies in Chinese Society, 1978, P 165

♥The weakening of Mongol rule was hastened by fratricidal rivalry同室操戈加速了蒙古統治的勢萎/微within在…之內the imperial clan皇族. John K. Fairbank and Edwin O. Reischauer, China: Tradition & Transformation, 1973, P 179

♥…he is number nine in his family排行第九, so we call him old Tuo Number Nine所以我們叫他杜老九… Lin Tai-yi, Flowers in the Mirror, 1965

♥"Elder Brother大哥, Elder Sister-in-law大嫂, rise quickly快起來/身…" Pearl S. Buck, tr by, All Men Are Brothers, 1933, Vol I, P 530

♥"…These three are own brothers這三人是親兄弟…" Pearl S. Buck, tr by, All Men Are Brothers, 1933, Vol I, P 233

♥"…Remember記得/住the tie of brotherhood弟兄情分…" Pearl S. Buck, tr by, All Men Are Brothers, 1933, Vol I, P 282

15 親族關係      17 相互關係

15 親族關係 Cognation

♥‘…playing玩耍with跟;與his sisters and lady cousins姐妹們;姐妹與堂/表姐妹們…’ John Minford, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1982, Vol 4, P 270

♥The singular異常的obtuseness愚鈍he showed in all his dealings顯示在各種舉動上had earned him the nickname為他贏得渾名/綽號of ‘Uncle Dumbo傻大舅’. David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1980, Vol 3, P 493

♥The only唯一的relation親戚she knew of知道/聽說的was a cousin somewhat older than herself, said to be her father's sister's son一個姑舅/表哥哥… David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1980, Vol 3, P 542

♥…he introduced us介紹我們, saying說, "This is a distant uncle of mine這位是我遠房表叔," stressing強調the word字(眼)"distant遠房." Nancy Ing & Howard Goldblatt: The Execution of Mayor Yin and Other Stories from the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, 1978

♥…persuaded勸her mother's brother's son 她的(舅)表兄弟to throw away his ancestral tablets拋棄祖宗牌位and become成為a Christian基督徒. Arthur P. Wolf, ed by, Studies in Chinese Society, 1978, P 166

♥‘Dearest coz好(表)妹妹, it was very wrong of me to say that說…是我的大錯…’ David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1973, Vol I, P 518

♥‘…you ought to keep cousin Lin company應當陪著林妹妹.  She is very很;非常upset心煩意亂;心裡不舒服…’

‘…leave her alone理他(她)呢!’ said說Bao-yu. ‘She'll be all right presently過一會子就好了.’ David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1977, Vol 2, P 49

♥‘…my mother’s sister’s child兩姨妹子;表妹;姨的女兒.’ David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1973, Vol I, P 385

♥‘…Take kinship first先就親戚關係而論: you are my cousin on Father’s side姑舅/表姐妹; Cousin Bao is only只是a mother-cousin兩姨姐妹…’ David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1973, Vol I, P 411

♥There were有his sisters姐妹Yuan-chun and Tan-chun, his cousins of the same surname堂姐妹Ying-chun and Xi-chun, and his distaff- cousins姨/舅表姐妹Shi Xiang-yun… David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1973, Vol I, P 407

♥‘…she’s Miss Bao’s cousin薛大姑娘的(堂)妹子, and a young gentleman少爺that’s那個人(少爺)是cousin to Mr Xue 薛大爺的(堂)兄弟…’ David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1977, Vol 2, P 468

♥…she had有a boy cousin表兄/弟… David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1973, Vol I, P 97

♥‘My great-uncles叔/伯祖(父)and all the other gentlemen以及所有其他紳/男士們have just finished their dinner剛吃完飯…’ David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1973, Vol I, P 232

♥…rushed out to greet their maternal uncle跑出去迎接他們的舅舅. Lin Tai-yi, Flowers in the Mirror, 1965

♥…to ask請Uncle Wu II吳二舅to come來and see照顧;看him. Clement Egerton, tr by, The Golden Lotus, 1939, Vol IV, P 27

♥"Ask問your paternal uncle叔叔if it is the kind of journey for a young girl to contemplate是否是少女想望的那種旅遊/程." Lin Tai-yi, Flowers in the Mirror, 1965

♥"…recognize you as my maternal nephew認你是我外甥…" Pearl S. Buck, tr by, All Men Are Brothers, 1933, Vol I, P 223

♥…he had come with曾跟…來a paternal cousin叔伯哥哥;堂兄弟to到Chi Chou as magistrate當縣長. Pearl S. Buck, tr by, All Men Are Brothers, 1933, Vol II, P 786

♥male cousin堂/表兄弟

16 無關 Irrelation

♥…National Assembly members of the ruling Kuomintang (KMT)執政的國民黨籍的國大代表們and the opposition Democratic Progressive Party (DPP)反對的民進黨are poles apart on this issue對此問題意見相去甚遠.

…the argument議論was "farfetched牽強(附會)." China Post, Dec 27, 1988, P 11

♥‘Always fussing總是煩人嘮叨! What does it matter to you whether I take my medicine or not我吃不吃(藥)與你什麼相干?’ David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1977, Vol 2, P 174

♥‘…Often when I'm at home I think to myself that在家時我常想of all my cousins眾表姐/妹中Bao-chai is the one一個(人)I like best最喜歡.  It's a pity we couldn't have been born of the same mother可惜不是一個娘養的.  With her for an elder sister有/以她做姐姐it wouldn't matter so much being an orphan即使做孤兒也沒什麼要緊.’ David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1977, Vol 2, P 127

♥…even the servants甚至僕人, irrespective of sex and age不拘/論性別年齡, remembering her compassion for the poor記得她對窮人的憐憫and… David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1973, Vol I, P 258

17 相互關係 Correlation

♥…he did not believe不相信the Vatican梵諦岡;羅馬教廷had changed its stance已/曾改變立場/態度.  Peking北京has said that已說the Vatican must必須break all ties with Taipei跟台北斷絕一切關係before any talks on resuming formal relations在任何商談恢復正常關係前. Reuter, in China Post, Jun 8, 1988, P 15

♥On關於;論及the triangle relationship三角關係among Taipei, Washington and Peking在臺北、華盛頓與北京之中/間, Bader observed that根據他的觀察說it is not a "zero-sum利於一方需損及另一方的;零和"game遊戲between在…(兩者)之間the U.S.-ROC美國與中華民國and U.S.-Red China美國與中共relationship, saying說U.S.-Red China relations do not necessarily oppose不必然阻擾relations between the ROC and the U.S. CNA, in China Post, Nov 18, 1987, P 11

♥Some parents有些父母whose apartments其公寓/住處were too small to accommodate太小以致容不下a visiting relative來訪的親人farmed their children out to grandparents把子女/兒童托養給祖父母in the countryside在鄉下… Fox Butterfield, China, Alive in the Bitter Sea, 1982, P 172

♥Only in 1970-71只在一九七○-七一年間, as the result of由於…的結果sabbatical leave(七年一度的)休假年from從;離my university大學coupled with連/加上a fellowship研究捐助/津貼from來自the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation紀念基金會, was it possible可能的for對me to return to Han festivals回到漢朝節慶(的研究). During this year of intensive work在專心工作的這一年期間, I correlated組織;關聯and supplemented補充the data that had been collected earlier早先收集的資料, caught up on modern scholarship增新/進現代學識on the subject關於/論及此一主題, and wrote a first draft寫成了初稿. Derk Bodde, Festivals in Classical China, 1975, P xii

18 相同 Identity

♥The Maglev-magnetic-levitated train磁浮火車—runs on a magnetic field行駛在一個磁場上, as though defying gravity宛如抗拒地心吸力, and is pushed along被推(前)進as在…時two identical magnetic poles兩個完全相同的磁極repel each other彼此排斥. AFP, in China Post, Apr 6, 1987, P 6

♥My friend朋友specified特別提到we could meet only if I agreed只有我同意…才能見面not to divulge不洩/暴露the man's identity這人的身分—he lived過著a precarious不安全的;朝不保夕的existence生活/存—and I assented同意了. Fox Butterfield, China, Alive in the Bitter Sea, 1982, P 302

♥She had telephoned to arrange the time for our rendezvous曾打電話約定我們會面的時間that day那天—we had already agreed on a place to meet已同意會面的地方at our last encounter在我們上次相遇/碰面時—so因此she didn’t have to identify herself不必說出她自己的身份/姓名or或者the location地點over the phone在電話上/中. Fox Butterfield, China, Alive in the Bitter Sea, 1982, P 225

♥‘…Last month上個月Aroma made herself a skirt為她自己做了一條裙子which那個is practically identical with this one和這個/條一模一樣的…’ David Hawkes, tr by, the Story of the Stone, 1980, Vol 3, P 213

17 相互關係      20 相異

19 相反 Contrariety

♥It is my purpose目的, nay不僅如此也是, my devoir義務;職責, to fill in補充or, as it were在某種程度上;可謂, to flesh out充實;揭曉for為you, some of the most important events that某些最重要的…事件cross influenced your early youth交叉影響了你的幼年. Madame Chiang Kai-shek, Wedemeyer's book evokes Madame Chiang's memories, China Post, Nov 15, 1987, P 3

♥This這was in contravention of與…相抵觸the Sino-Soviet agreement of 1924一九二四年的中蘇協定…  Chun-ming Chang, tr & ed by, CHIANG KAI-SHEK His Life and Times, 1981, P 490

♥No one ever publicly questioned無人曾公開質問the contradictory statements矛盾的聲明or this這次/種about-face轉向in Communist policy在共產黨的政策上. Nancy Ing & Howard Goldblatt: The Execution of Mayor Yin and Other Stories from the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, 1978

♥If a man dies as a young adult假如一個人英年早逝, he will be worshipped by his own children將由他自己的孩子來拜, but但是never決/絕不by his parents父母. On the contrary相反地, his father父親 will usually beat the coffin通常拍打棺材to punish his son for being so unfilial懲罰他的兒子如此不孝as to die before竟比…早死his parents. Consequently因此/而, if a person dies as a child一個人在孩提時死亡, there is no one who can appropriately provide for his soul沒有人能適當地供奉他的亡靈. His parents must either deny that the child was their own offspring必須或不承認這孩子是他們自己的子女, or live with the disquieting thought that或忍受令人不安的想法a member of their family他們一個家人is now現在a hungry, homeless ghost無家可歸的餓鬼. Arthur P. Wolf, ed by, Studies in Chinese Society, 1978, P 148

♥If one went up假如一個上升, the other went down另一個便下降, in a perfect inverse ratio完全成反比. Frederic Wakeman, Jr., Strangers at the Gate, 1966, P 31

20 相異 Difference

♥"…people人們discriminate against歧視;冷淡對待us everywhere到/處處, they look down on蔑視;看不起us as當作the afterbirth胞衣;胎盤;功成即棄之物of the Cultural Revolution文化大革命…" Fox Butterfield, China, Alive in the Bitter Sea, 1982, P 189

♥Left-wingers of all shades各種些微差別的左傾/派/翼份子, liberals自由主義者;自由/開放派人士, writers作家and journalists新聞從業人員began to paint the Kuomintang in the darkest of colors開始極度抹黑國民黨. Chun-ming Chang, tr & ed by, CHIANG KAI-SHEK His Life and Times, 1981, P 749

♥…"We have had musters of opium已有鴉片樣品sent on預先寄送to給us in small quantities以少/小量, packed in different ways用不一樣的包裝, with帶著a request請/要求that we would願sell賣;售it and ascertain the kind of package that suited the Chinese market best確認/探知最適合中國市場的那種包裝." Peter Ward Fay, The Opium War, 1975, P 44

♥One of the most famous among them其中最有名的一人, Li Lung-mien (ca.約1040-1106), for instance例如painted畫the different不同的breeds種of horses馬in在the imperial皇帝的;御stables馬廄. Wolfram Eberhard: A History of China, 1950

21 一律      22 相似

21 一律 Uniformity

♥Former前chief of the general staff參謀總長General將軍Tang Yao-ming湯曜明yesterday昨天changed from his military uniform to脫下軍裝/服換上a business suit西裝/服, becoming成為the first第一位civilian文(職)人(員)defense minister國防部長in the nation’s history在國家歷史中.

Tang, 64六十四歲, had served the army曾服務於陸軍for more than four decades四十多年之久.  In a handover ceremony witnessed by由…監交的交接典禮Minister without Portfolio政務委員…  Taipei Times, Feb 2, 2002, P 3

♥…Prince王爺;親王Gong's garden花園—a sort of某種;像…一類的doppelgänger一模一樣的人/物;複製品of Prospect Garden大觀園… John Minford, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1982, Vol 4, P 20

♥After dinner晚/正餐後, just as Hsiao Wu and his friend were about to leave for the dormitory小吳與他的朋友剛要離開前往宿舍時, a bespectacled戴眼鏡的man男子in a cadre uniform 穿著幹部裝strode into the room大步走進房來. Nancy Ing & Howard Goldblatt: The Execution of Mayor Yin and Other Stories from the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, 1978

♥I invariably總是answer with a smile微笑著回答. Nancy Ing & Howard Goldblatt: The Execution of Mayor Yin and Other Stories from the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, 1978

22 相似 Similarity

♥…was the dead body of a man一個(男)人的屍體, which那個(屍體) on closer inspection再仔細檢查was found被發現to resemble very closely Zhou Rui's adopted son He San好像是周瑞的乾兒子(何三). John Minford, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1986, Vol 5, P 222

♥‘…she's the spitting image of Skybright她長的和晴雯脫了個影兒;她長的非常像晴雯…’ John Minford, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1986, Vol 5, P 58

♥‘I was thinking how like Skybright you looked我看你長的和他(她;晴雯)一模一樣…’ John Minford, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1986, Vol 5, P 180

♥‘…In looks and build he has quite a strong resemblance to Uncle Lian就和我這(璉)叔叔的面貌身量差不多兒.  Does that please you妳喜歡嗎?’ David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1980, Vol 3, P 269

♥‘…"Like mistress, like maid有其主(女)必有其僕(女)"!’ David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1980, Vol 3, P 474

♥Look-a-likes酷似的人;一模一樣的人Jane Allan, left左, bearing a resemblance to酷似/肖Joan Collins; Vicki Scott as當作the late Marilyn Monroe過世的瑪莉蓮夢露. AP

♥‘…Whether不論/管it's his looks容貌or the way he talks說話的樣子/習慣or the way he moves行動, to me依我看來he's the spit and image of同…一個稿/樣子Old Sir Jia賈老爺.’ David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1977, Vol 2, P 76

♥‘If it has to be like this now既有今日,’ he said, as if to himself彷彿/宛如向他自己說, ‘it's a pity it was ever like it was in the beginning何必當初.’ David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1977, Vol 2, P 43

♥These這些foreigners外國人, who他們(外國人)occupied designated quarters佔領選定的地區in在the port cities港市/都, lived under their own customary laws在他們自己的習慣法下生活;受他們自己的習慣法管制, under在…之下a system制度analogous to類/相似the extraterritoriality治外法權of… John K. Fairbank and Edwin O. Reischauer, China: Tradition & Transformation, 1973, P 136

♥‘…He takes very much after his late grandfather大有祖父遺風: a modest謙虛的, generous慷慨的…’ David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1973, Vol I, P 85

♥They were quite life-like宛然如活者一般;十分逼真and… Lo Kuan-chung's Romance of the Three Kingdoms, tr by C.H. Brewitt-Taylor, 1925, Vol Two, P 446

♥"Do not be anxious別擔心," replied the adviser軍師/顧問回答說. "Let Chou Yü go and attack讓周瑜去攻擊/打it; some day來日, my lord主公;陛下, I shall會make使you sit in the high places thereof高坐該處."

"But what design have you然而你有何計?"

"So and so如此如此," replied回答K'ung-ming. Lo Kuan-chung's Romance of the Three Kingdoms, tr by C.H. Brewitt-Taylor, 1925, Vol One, P 529

♥"…you may可以reply thus and thus如此如此答應." Lo Kuan-chung's Romance of the Three Kingdoms, tr by C.H. Brewitt-Taylor, 1925, Vol One, P 528

♥Consequently因此any case at law that might arise或將發生的任何法律訴訟/案件could可以be decided by analogy with由…類推裁/判決the cases contained包含in在(…之中) "Annals of Spring and Autumn春秋". Wolfram Eberhard: A History of China, 1950

♥She walked to走向the mirror鏡子and studied herself critically仔細注視自己. "You look old看起來老了," she said to her reflection向她自己的映像說. James Clavell: Tai-Pan, 1966

♥…saw看到Miss小姐Chiaono come out with a lovely girl跟一位美麗/可愛的姑娘出來—her black eyebrows黑色眉毛beautifully arched彎得漂亮…—as like one another as they well could be相伯仲;兩人相像/似. Herbert A. Giles, tr & annotated by, Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio, 1908, P 25

23 不似 Dissimilarity

♥Some有/某些old members老黨/成/會員… sought refuge in以…來迴避dissimulation裝糊塗;掩飾思想/感情and bided their time等待時機. Chun-ming Chang, tr & ed by, CHIANG KAI-SHEK His Life and Times, 1981, P 162

♥But then但是在另一方面;然而, after a few days had gone by幾日之後;過了幾天, there was an unpleasant incident有個不愉快的意外事件… David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1980, Vol 3, P 338

♥‘You're to sit down as well你也坐下.  I want要you to behave舉止/動exactly as if I hadn't come完全就像/宛如我沒來一樣. Otherwise I shall go away again不然,我就走了.’  David Hawkes, tr by, The Story of the Stone, 1977, Vol 2, P 501

♥…over fifty nations五十個以上的國家signed簽署a peace pact和平公約, pledging themselves to use only pacific means承諾/保證其只使用和平方法to settle any differences or disputes解決任何異議或爭論that may arise between them in the future未來可能發生在他們之間. The signatories簽字/約國of this treaty本條約include almost all the countries of the world幾乎包括世界上所有的國家, and China is one of them中國是其中之一. The New China, H.B. Graybill & Chu, 1948, P 500

♥…ate deer吃鹿and small animals which he hunted他獵到/狩獵的小動物, probably with或許用firebrand火把;燒著的木柴and wooden clubs木棒/棍, in a style在技巧方面not greatly unlike有點像;並不非常不像the way方式a hockey team曲棍球隊batters a ball across a field打球越過場地today現在/今.  Asia Magazine

24 倣效 Imitation

♥Xi-feng began開始mimicking拿手比著;模倣again再;又.

…‘Yes, do stop all this monkeying around不用比了;別這麼模倣/戲耍了,’ said說Aunt姨/姑媽Xue, laughing笑著in spite of herself禁不住, ‘and get on with