Praacheen Misri Sanskriti Ka Rahasyodghaatan

By Moustafa Gadalla

Yah Pustak Praacheen Misri Sanskriti Ke Kayi Pahaluon Ko Ujaagar Karati Hai. Pustak Ke Is Vistaarit Sanskaran Me Chaar Bhaag Hain, Jiname Kul 16 Adhyaaya Aur Teen Parishist Shaamil Hain.

Bhaag I: Misr Ke Log Me Kul Chaar Adhyaaya Hain—1 Se 4 Tak, Jo Is Prakaar Hain:

Adhyaaya 1: Arambh Me Praacheen Misr Ke 39,000 Varson Ke Kaalkhanda Ko Puraataatvik, Aitihaasik Aur Bhautik Saakshyon Ki Raushani Me Sameta Gaya Hai, Jisame Shaamil Hain, Singh Yug Aur Sphinx Yug Aur Saath Hi Saath Misr Ke Sothic Calendar Ka Yug Jo Aajtak Ka Sabase Sateek Calendar Hai.

Adhyaaya 2: Misri Samaaj Me Praacheen Misri Logon Ki Jadon Aur Vishesataaon Ke Saath-Saath Sansaar Bhar Me Unake Prasaar Par Prakaash Daala Gaya Hai.

Adhyaaya 3: Sabase Adhik Dhaarmik Adhyaaya Misr Ke Brahmaanada Vigyaan, Ekeshvaravaad Aur Bahudevavaad, Pashu Prateekavaad, Brahmaanda Ki Rachana Aadi Ka Sankshipt Vivaran Deta Hai.

Adhyaaya 4: Saamaajik/Raajnaytik Vyavastha Me Maatrivansheeya/Maatrisattaatmak Siddhaanton, Maatrivansheeya Samudaayon, Misr Ki Moolbhoot Gantaantraik Pranaali, Dohare Prabandhan/Prashaasan Vaali Shaasakeeya Pranaali Tatha Misri Samaaj Ke Sabhi Maamalon Me Apnaayi Jaane Vaali Pralekhan Vyavastha Par Prakaash Daala Gaya Hai.

Bhaag II: Brahmaandeeya Sahasambandh Me 5 Se 7 Tak Kul Chaar Adhyaaya Hain, Jo Is Prakaar Hain:

Adhyaaya 5: Jaisa Upar Vaisa Neeche Me Misravaasiyon Ke Jeevan Me Brahmaandeeya Chetana Ke Tatvon Aur Prabhaavon Ko Tatha Un Tatvon Ke Swaroop Ke Taur Par Chakraeeya Naveeneekaran Parv (Urs) Ko Shaamil Kiya Gaya Hai.

Adhyaaya 6: Firaaun, Ek Brahmaandeeya Kaadi Me Ek Pradhaan Sevak Ke Roop Me Misr Ke Raja Ke Asali Shaashan Ko Shaamil Kiya Gaya Hai, Jisame Janata Ke Shaashan Ke Alaava Aur Bhi Bahut Si Cheezon Ke Baare Me Bataaya Gaya Hai.

Adhyaaya 7: Misr Ke Mandir Adhyaaya Me Misr Ke Mandiron Ke Vaastavik Kaarya Aur Uddeshyon Par Sarasari Nigaah Daali Gayi Hai, Jaise Ki Layabaddh Design Ke Maapadand; Tatha Aur Bhi Bahut Kuchh.

Bhaag III: Vidvaan Misravaasi Me 8 Se 12 Tak Kul Paanch Adhyaaya Hain Jo Is Prakaar Hain:

Adhyaaya 8: Devabhasha Me Praacheen Misr Me Prachalit Lekhan Ke Taur-Tareekon Ka Ek Jaayaza Liya Gaya Hai- Jisame Lekhan Ke Varnaanukramik Swaroop Tatha Chitraamaya Adhyaatmik Prateekon/Lipiyon Ke Saath-Saath Misr Ke Varnaanukramik Bhasha Ke Saanskritik Pahaluon Ko Sameta Gaya Hai.

Adhyaaya 9: Misr Ki Sangeet Viraasat Me Misri Sangeet Ki Viraasat Ka Jaayaza Liya Gaya Hai, Jisame Orchestra, Vaadyayantraon Ki Vistrit Shrrinkhalaaon, Praacheen Misri Nrityaon Tatha Ballet Ko Sameta Gaya Hai.

Adhyaaya 10: Swaasthya Aur Chikitsa Naamak Adhyaaya Me Misri Ausadhiyon Ka Antararastriya Jagat Me Mahatva Ka Jaayaza Lete Hue, Chikitsa, Shaly-Chikitsa, Misri Papyri Me Darj Vibhinn Beemaariyon Ke Nidaan, Upachaar, Tatha Vidhiyon Ki Vistrit Shrrinkhala Ko Sameta Gaya Hai.

Adhyaaya 11: Khagolashaastraa Me Ashcharyajanak Roop Se Sateek Khagoleeya Gyaan Aur Pranaaliyon Ko Shaamil Kiya Gaya Hai, Jaise Khagoleeya Prekshana Tatha Abhilekhan, Raashi Chakra, Ityaadi.

Adhyaaya 12: Jyaamiti Aur Ganit Me Pavitraa Jyaamiti Aur Praakritik Vigyaan, Bhooganit, Ganit Aur Ankavidya Ke Saath-Saath Paayi Aur Faayi Ke Pavitraa 'Anupaat' Ke Baare Me Unake Gyaan Aur Upayog Ko Sameta Gaya Hai.

Bhaag IV: Jagamagaati Arthavyavastha Me 13 Se 16 Tak Kul Chaar Adhyaaya Hain Jo Is Prakaar Hain:

Adhyaaya 13: Krisi Sanskriti Naamak Adhyaaya Me Sookhe Mausam Me Kheti Ki Utkrist Takaneekon.

Adhyaaya 14: Vinirmaana Udyog Naamak Adhyaaya Dhaatu Vigyaan Aur Dhaatukarm .......
Adhyaaya 15: Parivahan Tantra Me Uchch Gunvatta Vaale Vibhinn .....

Adhyaaya 16: Bazar Ki Arthavyavastha Me Misri Bazar Ki Arthavyavastha ....

• Language: हिन्दी
• Publisher: Moustafa Gadalla
• Release date: May 17, 2018
• ISBN: 9781370907724

Moustafa Gadalla

Moustafa Gadalla is an Egyptian-American independent Egyptologist who was born in Cairo, Egypt in 1944. He holds a Bachelor of Science degree in civil engineering from Cairo University. From his early childhood, Gadalla pursued his Ancient Egyptian roots with passion, through continuous study and research. Since 1990, he has dedicated and concentrated all his time to researching and writing. Gadalla is the author of twenty-two published internationally acclaimed books about the various aspects of the Ancient Egyptian history and civilization and its influences worldwide. In addition he operates a multimedia resource center for accurate, educative studies of Ancient Egypt, presented in an engaging, practical, and interesting manner that appeals to the general public. He was the Founder of Tehuti Research Foundation which was later incorporated into the multi-lingual Egyptian Wisdom Center (https://www.egyptianwisdomcenter.org) in more than ten languages. Another ongoing activity has been his creation and production of performing arts projects such as the Isis Rises Operetta and Horus The Initiate Operetta; to be followed soon by other productions. Check Egyptian Wisdom Center website regularly.

Book preview

Praacheen Misri Sanskriti

Ka

Rahasyodghaatan

Moustafa Gadalla

Praacheen Misri Sanskriti Ka Rahasyodghaatan

Vistaarit Dviteeya Sanskaran

Moustafa Gadalla Krit

English Se Anuvaad Giro di Parole

Sameeksha Ke Taur Par Sankshipt Uddhran Shaamil Kiye Jane Ko Chod Kar, Is Pustak Ka Koi Bhi Ansh, Lekhak Ke Likhit Anumti Ke Bina, Photocopy, Record, Athva Soochna Sangarahan Aur Praapti Ki Takneek, Sahit Kisi Bhi Electronic Ya Yantrik Tareeqe Se Punrutpadit Ya Preshit Nahin Kiya Ja Sakta Hai.

Copyright 2019, 2024 Moustafa Gadalla, Sarvadhikar Surakshit.

Vishye-Soochi

Vishye-Soochi

LEKHAK KE BARE MEIN

PRASTAAVANA

MAANAK AUR SHABDAAWALI

MISR MAANACHITRA

BHAAG I : MISR KE LOG

ADHYAAYA 1: AARAMBH

1.1 UDEEYAMAAN GHAATI

1.2 PRAARAMBHIK BINDU

1.3 SINGH EVAM SPHINX KA YUG

1.4 MISRI CALENDAR

ADHYAAYA 2: MISRI SAMAAJ

2.1 APARIVARTANEEYA MISRAVAASIAH

2.2 ‘‘NASLAVAADI DHARM’’

2.3 NASHVAR MAANASIKATAA

2.4 MISRAVAASI: SABASE ABAAD

ADHYAAYA 3: SABASE ADHIK DHAARMIK

3.1 MISR KA BRAHMAANADA VIGYAAN AUR ROOPAK

3.2 EKESHVARAVAAD TATHA BAHUDEVAVAAD

3.3 PASHU PRATEEKAVAAD

3.4 BRAHMAANDA KI UTPATTI

ADHYAAYA 4: SAAMAAJIK/RAAJNAYTIK VYAVASTHAA

4.1 MAATRIVANSHEEYA/MAATRISATTAATMAK SAMAAJ

4.2 GHAR-JAMAAYI SAMUDAAY

4.3 ZAMEENI STAR KI LOKATAANTRAIK VYAVASTHAA

4.4 DOHARI NIRIKSHAN/PRASHAASAN PRANAALI

4.5 PRALEKHAN VIDHI

BHAAG II : BRAHMAANDEEYA SAHASAMBANDH

ADHYAAYA 5: JAISA UPAR VAISA NEECHE

5.1 BRAHMAANDEEYA CHETANA

5.2 CHAKRAEEYA NAVEEKARANA UTSAV

ADHYAAYA 6: FIRAAUN, EK BRAHMAANDEEYA KADI

6.1 PRADHAAN SEVAK

6.2 LOKASHAAHI

6.3 VIJETA RAJA

ADHYAAYA 7: MISR KE MANDIR

7.1 MANDIR KE KAARYA EVAM UDDESHY

7.2 NIRMAANA KE NIYAM

7.3 LAYABADDH YOJANA KE MAAPADAND

BHAAG III : VIDVAAN MISRAVAASI

ADHYAAYA 8: DEVABHASHA

8.1 DAIVEEYA MAATRIBHASHA

8.2 VARNAAMAALA SE LEKHAN

8.3 CHITRAAKSHAR AUR VARNAAKSHAR LIKHAAVAT KA TAREEKAA

8.4 GOODH CHITRA SANKET/LIPI

8.5 SUSANSKRIT BHASHA

ADHYAAYA 9: MISR KI SANGEET VIRAASAT

9.1 SANGEET KI VIRAASA

9.2 KALAAKAAR SAMOOH (ORCHESTRA)

9.3 NRITYA AUR BALLET

ADHYAAYA 10: SWAASTHYA AUR CHIKITSAA

10.1 ANTARRASTRIYA KHYAATI

10.2 CHIKITSA PESHAA

10.3 CHIKITSA PUSTAKAALAY

10.4 ILAAJ AUR NUSKHE

ADHYAAYA 11: KHAGOLASHAASTRA

11.1 KEPLER AUR MISRI KHAGOL VIGYAAN

11.2 KHAGOLEEYA PREKSHANA AUR ABHILEKHAN

11.3 RAASHI CHAKRA

ADHYAAYA 12: JYAAMITI AUR GANIT

12.1 PAVITRAA JYAAMITI AUR PRAAKRITIK VIGYAAN

12.2 BHOOGANIT

12.3 GANIT AUR ANKAVIDYA

12.4 PAVITRAA ‘‘ANUPAAT’’

BHAAG IV : JAGAMAGAATI ARTHAVYAVASTHA

ADHYAAYA 13: KRISI SANSKRITI

13.1 SHUSHK-MAUSAM KI KHETI

13.2 SHRAM KA VIBHAAJAN

13.3 JANMAJAAT NIYATI (AANUVANSHIK ITIHAAS)

13.4 KRISAK SAMUDAAY

ADHYAAYA 14: VINIRMAANA UDYOG

14.1 DHAATUKARM AUR DHAATU KE KAAM KE BAARE ME MISRI GYAAN

14.2 SUNAHARE RAJAT (GILAT) KE UTPAAD:

14.3 TAAMR AUR KAANSYA KE UTPAAD:

14.4 CHAMAKADAAR (KAANCH AUR SHEESHE) UTPAAD

14.5 LOHE KE UTPAAD:

14.6 MISR KA KHANAN ANUBHAV

14.7 VIVIDH TAKANEEKI UPAYOG

ADHYAAYA 15: PARIVAHAN TANTRA

15.1 SAAMAANYA

15.2 MISRI JAHAAZ

15.3 MISR KE MUKHYA TATEEYA BANDARAGAAH

15.4 THAL PARIVAHAN

15.5 YAATRA KE SANRAKSHAK AUR MANDIR

ADHYAAYA 16: BAZAR KI ARTHAVYAVASTHA

16.1 BAZAR KI ARTHAVYAVASTHA

16.2 VYAPARIK LEN-DEN

16.3 MISRI NIRYAAT (MAAL AUR SEVAYEN)

16.4 MISR KA AYAAT

16.5 ANTARARASTRIYA VYAAPAAR KA UTTHAAN AUR PATAN

PARISHIST KA: CHITRA-UDEEYAMAAN GHAATI

PARISHIST KHA: CHITRA-SINGH EVAM SPHINX KA YUG

PARISHIST GA: CHITRA-KHAGOL VIGYAAN

SHABDAAWALI

CHAYANIT GRANTHASOOCHI

SROT AUR VIVARANA

LEKHAK KE BARE MEIN

mustapha gadalla ek misr-amerikee svatantr ijiptolojist hain, jinaka janm 1944 mein misr ke kaahira mein hua tha. unake paas kaahira vishvavidyaalay se sivil injeeniyaring mein vigyaan snaatak kee digree hai.

apane bachapan se hee, gadalla ne nirantar adhyayan aur anusandhaan ke maadhyam se, junoon ke saath apanee praacheen misr kee jadon ka peechha kiya. 1990 ke baad se, unhonne apana saara samay shodh aur lekhan ke lie samarpit aur kendrit kiya hai.

gadalla praacheen misr ke itihaas aur sabhyata ke vibhinn pahaluon aur duniya bhar mein isake prabhaavon ke baare mein antararaashtreey star par prashansit baees prakaashit pustakon ke lekhak hain. isake alaava vah praacheen misr ke sateek, shikshaaprad adhyayan ke lie ek malteemeediya sansaadhan kendr sanchaalit karata hai, jo ek aakarshak, vyaavahaarik aur dilachasp tareeke se prastut kiya jaata hai jo aam janata ke lie apeel karata hai.

vah tehutee risarch phaundeshan ke sansthaapak the, jise baad mein das se adhik bhaashaon mein bahubhaashee misr ke gyaan kendr (https://www.aigyptianwisdomchaintair.org) mein shaamil kiya gaya tha. vah onalain misr ke rahasyamay vishvavidyaalay (https://www.aigyptianmystichalunivairsity.org) ke sansthaapak aur pramukh bhee hain. ek aur chal rahee gatividhi aaeesis raij opareta jaisee pradarshan kala pariyojanaon ka nirmaan aur utpaadan rahee hai; jald hee horas da inishietiv aapareta dvaara peechha kiya jaega; saath hee any prodakshans.

PRASTAAVANA

Herodotus (500 B.C.) Ne Praacheen Misr Ka Ankhon Dekha Haal Bayaan Kiya Hai:

Achchha Ab, Main Misr Ki Baat Karata Hoon Kyonki Vahaan Ke Baare Me Baat Karane Ke Liye Bahut Si Shaanadaar Cheezen Hain Jo Anya Deshon Ke Muqaable Behtar Hain.

Yah Pustak Praacheen Misri Sanskriti Ke Kayi Pahaluon Ko Ujaagar Karati Hai. Pustak Ke Is Vistaarit Sanskaran Me Chaar Bhaag Hain, Jiname Kul 16 Adhyaaya Aur Teen Parishist Shaamil Hain.

Bhaag I: Misr Ke Log Me Kul Chaar Adhyaaya Hain—1 Se 4 Tak, Jo Is Prakaar Hain:

Adhyaaya 1:Arambh Me Praacheen Misr Ke 39,000 Varson Ke Kaalkhanda Ko Puraataatvik, Aitihaasik Aur Bhautik Saakshyon Ki Raushani Me Sameta Gaya Hai, Jisame Shaamil Hain, Singh Yug Aur Sphinx Yug Aur Saath Hi Saath Misr Ke Sothic Calendar Ka Yug Jo Aajtak Ka Sabase Sateek Calendar Hai.

Adhyaaya 2:Misri Samaaj Me Praacheen Misri Logon Ki Jadon Aur Vishesataaon Ke Saath-Saath Sansaar Bhar Me Unake Prasaar Par Prakaash Daala Gaya Hai.

Adhyaaya 3:Sabase Adhik Dhaarmik Adhyaaya Misr Ke Brahmaanada Vigyaan, Ekeshvaravaad Aur Bahudevavaad, Pashu Prateekavaad, Brahmaanda Ki Rachana Aadi Ka Sankshipt Vivaran Deta Hai.

Adhyaaya 4:Saamaajik/Raajnaytik Vyavastha Me Maatrivansheeya/Maatrisattaatmak Siddhaanton, Maatrivansheeya Samudaayon, Misr Ki Moolbhoot Gantaantraik Pranaali, Dohare Prabandhan/Prashaasan Vaali Shaasakeeya Pranaali Tatha Misri Samaaj Ke Sabhi Maamalon Me Apnaayi Jaane Vaali Pralekhan Vyavastha Par Prakaash Daala Gaya Hai.

Bhaag II: BrahmaandeeyaSahasambandh Me 5 Se 7 Tak Kul Chaar Adhyaaya Hain, Jo Is Prakaar Hain:

Adhyaaya 5:Jaisa Upar VaisaNeeche Me Misravaasiyon Ke Jeevan Me Brahmaandeeya Chetana Ke Tatvon Aur Prabhaavon Ko Tatha Un Tatvon Ke Swaroop Ke Taur Par Chakraeeya Naveeneekaran Parv (Urs) Ko Shaamil Kiya Gaya Hai.

Adhyaaya 6: Firaaun, Ek Brahmaandeeya Kaadi Me Ek Pradhaan Sevak Ke Roop Me Misr Ke Raja Ke Asali Shaashan Ko Shaamil Kiya Gaya Hai, Jisame Janata Ke Shaashan Ke Alaava Aur Bhi Bahut Si Cheezon Ke Baare Me Bataaya Gaya Hai.

Adhyaaya 7:Misr Ke Mandir Adhyaaya Me Misr Ke Mandiron Ke Vaastavik Kaarya Aur Uddeshyon Par Sarasari Nigaah Daali Gayi Hai, Jaise Ki Layabaddh Design Ke Maapadand; Tatha Aur Bhi Bahut Kuchh.

Bhaag III: Vidvaan Misravaasi Me 8 Se 12 Tak Kul Paanch Adhyaaya Hain Jo Is Prakaar Hain:

Adhyaaya 8:Devabhasha Me Praacheen Misr Me Prachalit Lekhan Ke Taur-Tareekon Ka Ek Jaayaza Liya Gaya Hai- Jisame Lekhan Ke Varnaanukramik Swaroop Tatha Chitraamaya Adhyaatmik Prateekon/Lipiyon Ke Saath-Saath Misr Ke Varnaanukramik Bhasha Ke Saanskritik Pahaluon Ko Sameta Gaya Hai.

Adhyaaya 9: Misr Ki Sangeet Viraasat Me Misri Sangeet Ki Viraasat Ka Jaayaza Liya Gaya Hai, Jisame Orchestra, Vaadyayantraon Ki Vistrit Shrrinkhalaaon, Praacheen Misri Nrityaon Tatha Ballet Ko Sameta Gaya Hai.

Adhyaaya 10: Swaasthya Aur Chikitsa Naamak Adhyaaya Me Misri Ausadhiyon Ka Antararastriya Jagat Me Mahatva Ka Jaayaza Lete Hue, Chikitsa, Shaly-Chikitsa, Misri Papyri Me Darj Vibhinn Beemaariyon Ke Nidaan, Upachaar, Tatha Vidhiyon Ki Vistrit Shrrinkhala Ko Sameta Gaya Hai.

Adhyaaya 11: Khagolashaastraa Me Ashcharyajanak Roop Se Sateek Khagoleeya Gyaan Aur Pranaaliyon Ko Shaamil Kiya Gaya Hai, Jaise Khagoleeya Prekshana Tatha Abhilekhan, Raashi Chakra, Ityaadi.

Adhyaaya 12: Jyaamiti Aur Ganit Me Pavitraa Jyaamiti Aur Praakritik Vigyaan, Bhooganit, Ganit Aur Ankavidya Ke Saath-Saath Paayi Aur Faayi Ke Pavitraa ‘Anupaat’ Ke Baare Me Unake Gyaan Aur Upayog Ko Sameta Gaya Hai.

Bhaag IV: Jagamagaati Arthavyavastha Me 13 Se 16 Tak Kul Chaar Adhyaaya Hain Jo Is Prakaar Hain:

Adhyaaya 13: Krisi Sanskriti Naamak Adhyaaya Me Sookhe Mausam Me Kheti Ki Utkrist Takaneekon, Shram Ke Saamaajik Vibhaajan, Aur Krisak Samudaaya Jaise Visayon Ko Sameta Gaya Hai.

Adhyaaya 14: Vinirmaana Udyog Naamak Adhyaaya Dhaatu Vigyaan Aur Dhaatukarm Ke Baare Me Misri Gyaan Par Prakaash Daalata Hai, Jisame Gilat Ke Utpaad, Taambe Aur Kaansya Utpaad, Kaanch Aur Sheeshe Ke Utpaad, Lohe Ke Utpaad Aur Khanan Gatividhiyon Ke Saath-Saath Vividh Takaneekon Ko Sameta Gaya Hai.

Adhyaaya 15: Parivahan Tantra Me Uchch Gunvatta Vaale Vibhinn Prakaar Ke Misri Jahaazon, Misr Ke Pramukh Tateeya Bandaragaahon, Bhoomi Parivahan Ke Saath-Saath Yaatra Ke Sanrakshak Devataaon Aur Teerthon Ki Jaanakaari Sameti Gayi Hai.

Adhyaaya 16: Bazar Ki Arthavyavastha Me Misri Bazar Ki Arthavyavastha Me Kaamakaaj, Vyaparik Len-Den, Misri Niryaat (Maal Aur Sevayen) Aur Ayaat Ke Saath Hi Antarrastriya Vaanijya Ke Udaya Aur Patan Par Prakaash Daala Gaya Hai, Jisame Misr, Praacheen Vishv Ka Arthik Engine Tha.

Teenon Parishistone Ki Saamagri Unake Sheersak Se Spasht Hoti Hai, Jaisa Ki Neeche Diya Gaya Hai:

Parishist Ka: Chitra—Udeeyamaan Ghaati

Parishist Kha: Chitra—Singh Evam Sphinx Ka Yug

Parishist Ga: Chitra—Khagol Vigyaan

Moustafa Gadalla

MAANAK AUR SHABDAAWALI

1. Praacheen Misri Shabd, Neter Aur Usake Streeling Netert, Ka Lagabhag Sabhi Shikshaavidon Dvaara Galat Tareeke Se Aur Sambhavatah Jaanaboojhakar Devi Aur Devata Ke Taur Par Anuvaad Kiya Gaya. Vaastav Me Neteru (Neter/Netert Ka Bahuvachan) Ek Sarvashaktimaan Ishwar Ke Divya Niyam Aur Kaarya Hain.

2. Apako Amen/Amon/Amun Ya Peer/Per Jaise Praacheen Misri Shabdon Ke Lekhan Me Antar Mil Sakata Hai. Isaka Kaaran Misr Ke Lekhon Ke Anuvaad Me Paaye Jaane Vaale ‘Swar’ Hain, Jo Vaastav Me Keval Dhvaniyon Ke Anumaan Maatr Hain, Inaka Istemaal Pashchimi Misri Puraatatvashaastraiyon Dvaara Praacheen Misri Shabdon Ka Asaani Se Uchchaarana Karane Ke Liye Kiya Jaata Hai.

3. Ham Hindi Bhaasiyon Ke Liye Netert/Neter (Devi, Devata) Firaaun Ya Shahar Jaise Jaane Pahachaane Shabdon Ka Upayog Karenge Aur Usake Baad Un Shabdon Ke Anya Vividhataaon Ko Saamane Rakhenge.

Yah Dhyaan Dene Vaali Baat Hai, Ki Devataaon Ke Laukik Shakti Ki Raksha Ke Liye Unaka (Devi-Devataaon) Asali Naam Gupt Rakha Gaya Tha. Neteru Ko Unake Vishes Gunaon, Vishesata Aur/Ya Unaki Bhoomikaaon Ka Varnaan Karane Vaale Vishesanaon Se Sambodhit Kiya Jaata Tha. Yah Baat, Isis, Osiris, Amun, Re, Horus, Aadi Sabhi Saamaanyaa Shabdon Ke Liye Laagu Hoti Hai.

4. Latin Calendar Ka Upayog Karate Samay, Ham Nimnalikhit Shabdon Ka Prayog Karenge:

Eisapoorv – Eisa Se Pahle. Anya Sandarbhon Me Ise B.C. Ke Roop Me Bhi Ullekh Kiya Gaya Hai.

Eiswi – Eisa Ke Baad. Anya Sandarbhon Me Ise A.D. Ke Roop Me Bhi Ullekh Kiya Gaya Hai.

5. Is Pustak Me Baladi Shabd Ka Prayog, Vartamaan Misr Ke Aise Mook Bahusankhyakon Ko Niroopit Karane Ke Liye Kiya Jaayega, Jo Islam Ke Maheen Avarana Ke Bheetar Praacheen Misri Prathaaon Ka Paalan Karate Hain. Misr Ki Eisayi Abaadi Ek Jaateeya Alpasankhyak Hai, Jo Yahoodiya Aur Syria Se Ptolemee/Roman Shaasit Sikandariya Me Sharanaarthiyon Ke Roop Me Ae The. Aaj 2,000 Saal Baad, Bhi Unaki Shaklosoorat Tatha Vyavahaar Ki Vishistata Ke Kaaran Misr Ke Adhikaansh Moolnivaasiyon Ke Saath Asaani Se Unhen Alag Kiya Ja Sakata Hai. (Adhik Jaanakaari Ke Liye Age Ke Adhyaaya Dekhen.)

6. Praacheen Misr Ka Koyi Aisa Lekh Ya Granth Nahi Hai Jise Misravaasiyon Ne Swyam ‘Dhaarmik’, ‘Antyesti’ Ya ‘Pavitra’, Aadi ... Ke Roop Me Vargeekrit Kiya Ho. Magar Pashchimi Pandito Ne /Praacheen Misri Lekhon Ko ‘Khanda’, ‘Ukti’, ‘Mantra’, ... Aadi, Ke Taur Par ‘Falaan-Falaan Cheez Ki Pustak’ Jaisa Mannmaana Naam De Diya. Yahaan Tak Ki Pashchimi Pandito Ne Yah Bhi Taya Kar Diya Ki Falaan Pustak ‘‘Theban Sanskaran’ Hai Ya Falaan Pustak ‘Falaan-Falaan Kaalkhanda Ka Sanskaran’ Hai. Apne Khud Ke Srijit Aviskaar Ke Adhaar Par, Ye Gyaani Log Praacheen Misriyon Ko Unaki Galatiyon Aur Unake Lekhan Ke Aansh Ke Gaayab Hone Ka Dosi Thaharaate Hain?!!

Ham Praacheen Misri Lekhon Ke Mannmaane Kintu Aam Pashchimi Vargeekarana Ka Hi Upayog Karenge Taaki Sandarbh Me Asaani Ho, Halanki Khud Praacheen Misriyon Ne Bhi Aisa Kabhi Nahi Kiya Tha.

MISR MAANACHITRA

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BHAAG I : MISR KE LOG

ADHYAAYA 1: AARAMBH

1.1 UDEEYAMAAN GHAATI

Misr Duniya Ke Sabase Shushk Kshetraon Me Se Ek Tha Aur Aaj Bhi Hai. Misr Ka 90% Se Adhik Ilaaqa Registaan Hai. Yahaan Neel Nadi Aur Usaki Shaakhaaon Ke Kinaare Ka Ilaaqa Hi Abaad Hai, Jo Is Vishaal Desh Ka Keval Lagabhag 5% Bhaag Hai. Yah Upajaau Neel Ghaati 11-15 Kilometer Chaudi Ek Patti Hai.

Neel Misr Me Dakshin Se Uttar Ki Or Bahati Hai. Isaka Kaaran Yah Hai Ki Is Desh Ka Dhalaan Bhoomadhya Saagar Ki Taraf Hai. Kahira Ke Uttar Men, Neel Nadi Kayi Upanadiyon Me Vibhaajit Ho Kar Delta Ka Nirmaana Karati Hai, Jisase Kareeb 6,000 Varg Mile (15,500 Varg K.M.) Ka Ek Vishaal Hara Bhara Upajaau Ilaaqa Utpann Hota Hai.

Herodotus Ke Anusaar Misr Ki Neel Nadi Ka 90% Jal 100 Divaseeya Vaarsik Baadh Ke Mausam Me Ata Tha (Aur Yah Silasila Aaj Bhi Jaari Hai), Jaisa Ki Usane Apni The Histories (2, 92) Me Likha Hai:

...Garmiyon Ke Charam Kaal Me Paani Badhana Shuru Ho Jaata Hai, Aur Yah Prakriya Sau Dinon Jaari Rahati Hai, Fir Us Avadhi Ke Ant Me Vah Vaapas Ghat Jaata Hai, Aur Is Tarah Agale Varsh Fir Se Charam Garmiyon Ke Lautane Tak Vah Poori Sardiyon Ke Dauraan Nichale Star Par Rahata Hai.

Neel Nadi Ke Baadh Ka Kaaran Ethiopia Me Hone Vaali Barasaat Hai, Jo Ethiopia Ke Pahaadi Maidaanon Ki Mitti Ko Neeli Neel (Blue Nile) Wa Anya Sahaayak Nadiyon Ke Maadhyam Se Misr Ki Or Baha Laati Hai. Madhya Africa Se Ane Vaali Shwet Neel (White Nile) Ke Maadhyam Se Misr Me Bahut Jyaada Maatra Me Paani Nahi Ata Hai.

Shwet Neel Apne Saath Gaad Nahi Laati Hai—Jaisa Ki Isake Naam Se Zaahir Hai, ‘‘Shwet’’ Yaani Saaf-Suthara. Aswan Tak Pahunchate-Pahunchate Neeli Neel Ke Keechad Vaale Mausami Jal Ki Gati Dheemi Padane Lagati Hai. Raftaar Me Ayi Is Kami Ke Kaaran Paani Ke Saath Bahata Hua Gaad Tal Par Baithane Lagata Hai.

Isase Nadi Ka Tal Dheere-Dheere Samaya Ke Saath Uthala Hota Jaata Hai, Jisase Desh Ki Bhoomi Bhi Nirantar Nadi Ke Anuroop Apni-Apni Sthalaakritiyon Tatha Bahaav Ki Doori Ke Anusaar Parivartit Hoti Jaati Hai. Isaka Parinaam Yah Hota Hai Ki Paani Ke Tal Me Vriddhi Ane Ke Saath-Saath Paani Ki Satah Unchi Ho Jaati Hai Aur Isake Saath Hi Saath Neel Nadi Ki Ghaati Aur Isake Asapaas Ki Bhoomi Ki Unchaayi Me Vriddhi Ho Jaati Hai.

Is Prakaar, Ham Dekh Sakate Hain Ki Greesmakaal Ke Vaarsik Baadh Ke Kaaran Neel Nadi Ki Ghaati Saal Dar Saal Unchi Hoti Jaati Hai. Yah Jamaav Saal Dar Saal Thoda-Thoda Karake Ikattha Hota Jaata Hain. Jab Neel Ka Paani Aswan Tak Pahunchata Hai, To Isaki Gati Dheemi Pad Jaati Hai, Jisake Falaswaroop Talakshat Ka Jamaav Hota Hai. Aswan Me Baadh Ke Paani Ko Niyantrait Karane Ke Liye, Saadiyon Pahle Puraane Aswan Baandh Ka Nirmaana Kiya Gaya Tha. Nirantar Gaad Ke Kaarana, Har Kuchh Dashakon Me Baandh Ki Unchaayi Ko Lagaataar Badhaana Avashyak Tha. (Parishist Ka Me Chitra Dekhen)

Udaaharan Ke Liye, Neel Dvaara Esna Me Har Saal Jamaaya Jaane Vaala Chauthaayi Inch Ke Naamamaatr Ki Motaayi Vaala Talakshat 2 Hazaar Saal Me Esna Ke Mandir Ko Dafan Karane Me Saksham Tha, Aur Aaj Ka Adhunik Esna Shahar Mandir Ki Chhat Se Kahi Adhik Unchaayi Par Basa Hai. (Parishist Ka Me Chitra Dekhen)

Jaisa Ki Ham Yahaan Dekhate Hai Ki Yah Mandir Puraane Mandiron Ke Chhat Par Banaaya Gaya Tha, Jo Ki Talachhat Ya Gaad Ke Saalaana Jamaav Ke Kaaran Dafan Ho Chuke The.

Samooche Misr Me Alag-Alag Jagahon Par Sthit Anekon Me Mandiron, Jaise Ki Edfu, Luxor Aur Abydos Aadi Me Is Jamaav Ki Samasya Ka Prabhaav Saaf Dikhaayi Deta Hai. (Parishist Ka Me Chitra Dekhen)

Yahaan Tak Neel Nadi Se Kaafi Door Bheetari Ilaaqe Me Sthit Abydos Me Hame Isaka Ek Aur Udaaharan Dekhane Ko Milata Hai, Jahaan Osirian Naamak Ek Bahut Puraani Vishaal Sanrachana Hai, Jo Naye Saamraajya Ke Osiris Ke Mandir Ke Theek Bagal Me Maujood Hai, Ise Raja Seti Pratham (1333-1304 Eisa Poorv) Aur Usake Uttaraadhikaari Ramses Dviteeya Dvaara Banaaya Gaya