In this episode (which is Part 2 of our micronutrient series), Greg and Lyndsey discuss nutrient targets: where they come from, what they mean, and how to think about them. They also talk about the relative imprecision of micronutrient tracking, why micronutrient content can differ so much within a single food, and why it can be challenging to track your micronutrient intake in the first place.Want to get your question answered on the show? Send a voice memo to podcast@strongerbyscience.com TIME STAMPSIntro (0:00) Recommendations and good vibes (0:20)Lyndsey – Bottoms movieDavie High fight club news reportGreg – Telemarketers docu-seriesReply All “Long Distance” podcast episodes Housekeeping notes (8:45)MacroFactor Annual ReportRecommended products and more from the SBS team (11:50)Work with a Stronger By Science coach: Get personalized training and nutrition plans and ongoing support from one of our expert coaches.Try MacroFactor for free: Use code SBS to get a 14-day free trial of our nutrition app MacroFactor. MacroFactor has the fastest food logger on the market and its smart nutrition coach adapts to your metabolism to keep you on track with your goals. Download it today on the App Store or Google Play.Join the Research Spotlight newsletter: Get a two-minute breakdown of one recent study every Wednesday. Our newsletter is the easiest way to stay up to date with the latest exercise and nutrition science.Join the SBS Facebook group and Subreddit.BulkSupplements: Next time you stock up on supplements, be sure to use the promo code “SBSPOD” (all caps) to get 5% off your entire order.MASS Research Review: Subscribe to the MASS Research Review to get concise and applicable breakdowns of the latest strength, physique, and nutrition research – delivered monthly.Episode 1 in the Micronutrient SeriesHistory of RDAs and Government Micronutrient Recommendations (14:53)The 100-Year History of Vitamins - Supplement Facts - Better NutritionVitamins Come to Dinner | Science History InstituteAre We Well Fed?: A Report on the Diets of Families in the United States (Miscellaneous Publication No. 430)The History and Future of Dietary Guidance in America - PMCDietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025Dietary Reference Intakes Development | health.govHistory of Nutrition: The Long Road Leading to the Dietary Reference Intakes for the United States and CanadaDRI development retrospectiveOngoing DRV-related publications from the EFSAMicronutrient series on the websiteMicronutrient content in the MacroFactor knowledge base Understanding Micronutrient Targets and the DRI Framework (37:13)General frameworkHow ULs are determinedVitamin A toxicity How EARs, RDAs, and LTIs are Determined (59:52)EFSA publication on calcium, used as an exampleFigure showing data used to define calcium DRVs (from this article)  General discussion of the implications of imprecise research and large inter-individual variability (1:21:21)Note: I was right about magnesium, and wrong about calcium. Calcium carbonate is the more common version in supplements (not oxide). Chelated calcium is generally a bit better than calcium carbonate, but the difference between calcium carbonate and chelated calcium isn’t NEARLY as large as the difference between magnesium oxide and chelated magnesium.The relative imprecision of micronutrient tracking (and WHY micronutrient content can differ so much within a single food) (1:49:30)Why labeling error generally doesn’t matter much for calorie (and macronutrient) tracking: SBS article – Nutrition Labels Are Inaccurate (and the Math Behind Why It Doesn’t Matter)Variable vitamin C content in spinachSlightly higher nutrient levels in similar foods in Germany than the NetherlandsSoil health and nutrient densityMany roles of vitamin C in plantsMacroFactor knowledge base content on seleniumSelenium uptake in plantsRegional selenium differences in the USRegional selenium differences in ChinaSelenium intake and diabetesSelenium and cancerGeneral selen