A Simple Guide to Muscle Spasticity, Diagnosis, Treatment and Related Conditions
By Kenneth Kee
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About this ebook
This book describes Muscle Spasticity, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases
Muscle splasticity is a disorder in which muscles stiffen up or tighten due to an abnormal rise in muscle tone stopping normal fluid movement.
It forces certain muscles to contract all at the same time.
The muscles stay contracted and avoid being stretched.
This may disrupt movement, speech and gait or be linked with discomfort or pain.
Prolonged muscle spasticity can lead to:
Frozen joints
Muscle Contractures
An inability to function normally:
Walk
Move
Talk
This is why muscle spasticity is so important and should be treated early
Muscle Splasticity is normally produced by injury to nerve pathways within the brain or spinal cord that regulates muscle movement.
Symptoms may be:
Hyper-tonicity (increased muscle tone),
Clonus (fast involuntary muscle contractions),
Exaggerated deep tendon reflexes,
Muscle spasms, scissoring (involuntary crossing of the legs), and
Fixed joints (contractures).
The degree of muscle spasticity differs from mild muscle stiffness to severe, painful, and unmanageable muscle spasms.
Muscle Splasticity can disrupt rehabilitation in patients with certain disorders, and often disrupt daily activities.
It can be tight and painful at times.
Muscle Splasticity happens when the nerve impulses that manage muscle movement are disrupted or damaged.
Muscle Splasticity can have some benefit for people with very weak legs.
The rigidity from muscle spasticity can permit them to stand or walk.
For these people, the aim of treatment should be to alleviate pain while retaining the rigidity that is required to function.
Muscle spasticity is a disruption in muscle movement patterns that produces certain muscles to contract all at once when the patient try to move or even at rest.
The muscles maintain contraction and oppose being stretched.
It disrupts movement and can involve the speech and gait.
Muscle spasticity can differ greatly in how it involves someone.
It may be as mild as the sensation of tightness of the muscles or may be so severe that it produces painful, uncontrollable stiffness and spasms of the extremities.
Muscle spasticity can cause these signs:
Increased muscle tone (hyper-tonia).
Muscle spasms (quick sustained involuntary muscle contractions).
Clonus (fast involuntary muscle contractions most often in the ankles).
Involuntary crossing of the legs.
Pain or discomfort.
Abnormal posture.
Contracture (permanent contracted muscle due to lasting spasms).
Muscle, joint and/or bone deformities.
Difficulty performing daily activities and difficulty to help with dressing and bathing.
Sleep disruption due to painful spasms or muscle tightness.
While there is no cure for Muscle spasticity, the treatments can help relieve symptoms and improve the quality of life.
There are several treatments for muscle spasticity such as:
1.Medicines
Muscle relaxants: Baclofen, Dantrolene sodium
Benzodiazepine: Clonazepam, diazepam
Nerve blockers: Gabapentin, Tizanidine
2.Physical therapy
Stretching activities can help alleviate muscle spasticity.
Strengthening exercises
3.Occupational therapy
4.Casting or bracing
5.Botox or phenol injection
6.Surgery is used in some cases.
Intra-thecal Baclofen pump
Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Spinal cord stimulation
7.Orthopedic surgery
Contracture release
Tendon transfer
Osteotomy
8.Biofeedback
Electrical stimulation
TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Chapter 1 Muscle Spasticity
Chapter 2 Causes
Chapter 3 Symptoms
Chapter 4 Diagnosis
Chapter 5 Treatment
Chapter 6 Prognosis
Chapter 7 Post-Stroke Recovery
Chapter 8 Parkinsonism<
Kenneth Kee
Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"
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