Zygmunt Bauman: Selected Summaries: UNIVERSITY SUMMARIES

By MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU

We have summarized here the essential of this book by the author.

A key thinker of the present, this Polish-British sociologist of Jewish origin (died in 2017), developed profound analyzes on essential themes that crossed the 20th century and extend to the current century: Modernity, the "liquid" character of today's society ( love included), social classes, the Holocaust, consumerism, globalization, among many others.

We present here our selected summaries, which contain the core aspects of his thought.

• Language: English
• Publisher: BOOKS AND SUMMARIES BY MAURICIO FAU
• Release date: Feb 24, 2022
• ISBN: 9798201279097

MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU

Mauricio Enrique Fau nació en Buenos Aires en 1965. Se recibió de Licenciado en Ciencia Política en la Universidad de Buenos Aires. Cursó también Derecho en la UBA y Periodismo en la Universidad de Morón. Realizó estudios en FLACSO Argentina. Docente de la UBA y AUTOR DE MÁS DE 3.000 RESÚMENES de Psicología, Sociología, Ciencia Política, Antropología, Derecho, Historia, Epistemología, Lógica, Filosofía, Economía, Semiología, Educación y demás disciplinas de las Ciencias Sociales. Desde 2005 dirige La Bisagra Editorial, especializada en técnicas de estudio y materiales que facilitan la transición desde la escuela secundaria a la universidad. Por intermedio de La Bisagra publicó 38 libros. Participa en diversas ferias del libro, entre ellas la Feria Internacional del Libro de Buenos Aires y la FIL Guadalajara.

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Zygmunt Bauman: Selected Summaries

UNIVERSITY SUMMARIES

MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU

Published by BOOKS AND SUMMARIES BY MAURICIO FAU, 2022.

While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein.

ZYGMUNT BAUMAN: SELECTED SUMMARIES

First edition. February 24, 2022.

Copyright © 2022 MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU.

ISBN: 979-8201279097

Written by MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU.

Table of Contents

Title Page

Copyright Page

ZYGMUNT BAUMAN: SELECTED SUMMARIES

GLOBALIZATION: HUMAN CONSEQUENCES | CHAPTER 1 TIME AND CLASS GLOBALIZATION: HUMAN CONSEQUENCES | CHAPTER 1 TIME AND CLASS

ABOUT THE LIGHT AND THE LIQUID

Being poor is a crime

WASTED LIVES. MODERNITY AND ITS OUTCASTS | CHAPTER 1 IN THE BEGINNING WAS THE DESIGN. OR THE RESIDUES OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF ORDER

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Further Reading: Zygmunt Bauman: Summarized Classics

Also By MAURICIO ENRIQUE FAU

About the Author

About the Publisher

ZYGMUNT BAUMAN: SELECTED SUMMARIES

We propose to take a tour of some selected texts by the sociologist Zygmunt Bauman:

•MODERNITY AND HOLOCAUST

CHAPTER 3 MODERNITY, RACISM AND EXTERMINATION

•LIQUID SURVEILLANCE

CHAPTER 2 LIQUID SURVEILLANCE AS POST PANOPTIC DESIGN

•THINKING SOCIOLOGICALLY

INTRODUCTION: SOCIOLOGY WHAT FOR?

CHAPTER 3 THE FOREIGNERS

CHAPTER 12 THE RESOURCES OF SOCIOLOGY

•GLOBALIZATION: HUMAN CONSEQUENCES

CHAPTER 1 TIME AND CLASS

CHAPTER 3 AFTER THE NATIONAL STATE... WHAT?

•ABOUT THE LIGHT AND THE LIQUID

•WORK, CONSUMERS AND THE NEW POOR

CHAPTER 4 THE WORK ETHIC AND THE NEW POOR

CHAPTER 5 PERSPECTIVES FOR THE NEW POOR

•CONSUMER LIFE

CHAPTER 2 A CONSUMER SOCIETY

CHAPTER 3 CONSUMER CULTURE

•WASTED LIVES. MODERNITY AND ITS OUTCASTS

CHAPTER 1 IN THE BEGINNING WAS THE DESIGN. OR THE RESIDUES OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF ORDER

MODERNITY AND HOLOCAUST

CHAPTER 3 MODERNITY, RACISM AND EXTERMINATION

THE PARADOX OF RACISM IS THAT IT WAS AN ANTI-MODERNIST INSTRUMENT THAT WAS ONLY POSSIBLE WITH MODERNITY

In the case of the Nazis, the elimination of the Jews was presented as synonymous with the rejection of the modern order.

RACISM IS A MODERN PRODUCT, OF MODERN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND THE STATE

From heterophobia to racism

Although it is common for racism to be interpreted as a variety of prejudice or resentment between groups, this would be a mistake. The opposite error is to see it as encompassing all resentments, in the sense that all prejudice between groups is seen as racism.

Pierre André Taguieff raises the similarity between RACISM AND HETEROPHOBIA, both understood as AVERSION TO DIFFERENCE.

For this author there is a PRIMARY RACISM that is UNIVERSAL and has to do with a natural reaction of rejection in the presence of a stranger.

Sometimes, this primary racism becomes SECONDARY OR RATIONALIZED RACISM, which occurs when appealing to a theory that presents the other as someone objectively harmful and that poses a threat to the well-being of the group. An example of this occurs in certain religious groups and another is XENOPHOBIA OR ETHNOCENTRISM, that is, the aversion to foreigners.

Finally, there is a TERTIARY OR MYSTIFACTORY RACISM, which presupposes the two previous levels but adds a quasi-biological argument. Bauman thinks that this third level enters the second.

Bauman says: I believe, on the contrary, that it is precisely the nature, function and way of functioning of racism that clearly distinguish it from heterophobia (...) a concentrated manifestation of a broader phenomenon of anguish caused by the feeling of not having control over the situation.

The issue is complicated when the stranger threatens to penetrate the native group and merge with it if preventive measures are not taken, threatening the identity and unity of the group. That would be more serious than a simple declared enmity.

Racism differs from heterophobia and enmity because it tends to build an artificial social order (...) eliminating the elements of current reality that neither adjust to the perfect dream reality nor can be modified (...)

FOR RACISM THERE IS A CONVICTION THAT CERTAIN PEOPLE CANNOT INCORPORATE THEMSELVES INTO A RATIONAL ORDER

That is why (...) racism sets aside a certain category of people who cannot be reached (...) not even through argumentation (...) and, therefore, they will always remain strangers.

Making an analogy with medicine, certain parts of the body can be trained, but a tumor cannot.

THUS, RACISM IS LINKED TO A STRATEGY OF STRANGENESS

If conditions permit, racism demands that the offending category be removed beyond the territory occupied by the offended group. If these conditions are not met, racism demands that the offending category be physically exterminated. Expulsion and destruction are two interchangeable methods of estrangement.

Therefore, for the Nazis the Jews have no remedy. They will only be harmless with physical distance, communication breakdown, confinement or annihilation.

Racism as a form of social engineering

Racism can be seen in the project of the perfect society planned by the Nazis, the Thousand Year Reich.

The Jews had to be eliminated because for reasons of heredity and blood they could not belong to the Geist of the German Volk (something like the essence of what is German).

NAZISM WAS AN EXPERIMENT IN SOCIAL ENGINEERING, which sought to preserve racial health. The official communiqués said things like the following: If we facilitate the propagation of a healthy lineage through systematic selection and the elimination of diseased elements, we can improve physical conditions. They used to justify themselves, elements of the scientific investigations of Koch, Pasteur and others.

In terms of population policy, they intended to reverse the situation of a declining birth rate among the most suitable inhabitants and an unrestricted spread of those with hereditary defects, the mentally deficient, imbeciles, hereditary criminals, etc.

Terms such as elimination, disappearance, evacuation or reduction (extermination") appear regularly in Nazi discourse.

Starting in 1939, by order of Hitler, euthanasia institutes were created with misleading names such as Charitable Foundation for Institutional Care, where the transportation of the sick was organized, and which had a T4 code, which did not it was more than the simple and flat murder of the detainees.

THE NAZI PROJECT DIVIDED HUMAN LIFE INTO WORTHY AND UNWORTHY; the first had to be lovingly cared for and the second (disabled, for example) had to be exterminated.

Since the physically or mentally handicapped did not fall into the category of inferior race, they could not be expelled or separated by a fence (which could be done with strangers, to whom enmity was manifested).

The disabled were, in this sense, similar to the Jews: they were not a race like the others but an anti-race that would poison all the others. They were the non-national Nation.

Hitler thought that by eliminating the Jews he was doing a service to all mankind. According to this view, RACISM FITS WITH THE VISION AND METHODS OF MODERNITY.

With the Enlightenment (18th century), science set out to determine the exact place of man in nature, through observation, measurements and comparisons.

In particular, PHRENOLOGY emerged as the art of reading character from skull measurements, opening a new scientific era that considered that CHARACTER, INTELLIGENCE, TALENT AND EVEN POLITICAL IDEAS ARE DETERMINED BY NATURE.

Racism was used to justify a supposed and objective superiority of the West over the rest of the world. Thus, the pioneer of scientific taxonomy, Linnaeus, raised a division between Europeans and Africans as drastic as that between fish and crustaceans. The white race is full of inventiveness and skill, while the blacks are lazy, cunning, and incapable of self-government.

Also Gobineau, founder of SCIENTIFIC RACISM, argued that the black race is of little intelligence, excessively developed sensuality and with a terrifying brute power, while whites are identified by freedom, honor and everything spiritual .

From day one, the Nazis created scientific institutions, with biologists, historians, and political scientists who investigated the Jewish question.

BIOLOGICAL THOUGHT was another of its ideological