Metabolic Alkalosis, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

By Kenneth Kee

This book describes Metabolic Alkalosis, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases

Acid Base and electrolytes balance is an important topic for any doctor taking care of metabolic and lung diseases as these can affect the heart and kidney.
Every doctor should know how to treat these conditions!

Alkalosis is a disorder in which the body fluids have too much base (alkali).
This is the opposite of acidosis (excess acid).
Metabolic alkalosis is a disorder that is indicated by a higher pH level in the tissues that is well over the range within which it should be.
The pH value in a normal person is moderately alkaline, within the range of 7.36 – 7.44.
It is within this range that the body is designed to function to an optimum point.
Alkalosis happens when the pH is >7.45.
It mainly indicates a rise in the concentration of serum bicarbonate (HCO3–).
Reduced carbon dioxide (an acid) level or raised bicarbonate (a base) level makes the body too alkaline, a disorder called alkalosis.
There are different forms of alkalosis.
1. Respiratory alkalosis is produced by a low carbon dioxide level in the blood.
Causes are:
a. Fever
b. Being at a high altitude
c. Lack of oxygen
d. Liver disease
e. Lung disease, which causes the patient to breathe faster (hyperventilate)
f. Aspirin poisoning
2. Metabolic alkalosis is produced by too much bicarbonate in the blood.
It can also happen due to certain kidney diseases.
a. Hypo-chloremic alkalosis is produced by an extreme lack or loss of chloride, such as from persistent vomiting.
b. Hypo-kalemic alkalosis is produced by the kidneys' response to an extreme lack or loss of potassium.
This can happen from taking certain water pills (diuretics).
c. Compensated alkalosis happens when the body restores the acid-base balance to normal in cases of alkalosis, but bicarbonate and carbon dioxide levels stay abnormal.
Compensation for metabolic alkalosis happens mainly in the lungs, which keep the carbon dioxide (CO2) through slower breathing, or hypoventilation
d. Uncompensated metabolic alkalosis indicates that the bicarbonate level stay high.
Patients need immediate ventilator support and close monitoring to get rid of the high carbon dioxide that can cause life-threatening complications
Adverse effects begin to happen when the level of human blood becomes baser than acid, adverse effects will happen.
The severity of the signs of this disease is dependent on the degree of alkalinity in the human body.
This disease is normally produced by factors that reduce the amount of fluids in the body, such as:
1. Vomiting
2. Overuse of laxatives
3. Excessive urination, resulting from use of diuretic medicines
The loss of fluids can cause a sharp fall in the level of sodium and potassium, which give rise to symptoms of metabolic alkalosis.
Some other metabolic alkalosis causes are:
1. Use of steroids
2. Excessive use of antacids
3. Overuse of alkaline drugs, like Bicarbonate
Diagnosis:
1. Arterial blood gas analysis
2. Electrolytes test, such as basic metabolic panel to confirm alkalosis
A urine chloride ion concentration can be useful if the cause of the disease is difficult to diagnose from physical examination and the medical history of the patient, such as:
1. The presence of drug use and
2. Hypertension.
Treatment
To treat alkalosis, the doctor needs to first find the underlying cause.
Once the cause is found out and the disorder is detected to be metabolic alkalosis, the aim of treatment is to correct the acid-base imbalance
Medicines and salt-water solution requires to be given to patients through an intravenous line.
The use of ammonium chloride or hydrochloric acid may become necessary

TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Chapter 1 Metabolic Alkalosis
Chapter 2 Causes
Chapter 3 Symptoms
Ch

• Language: English
• Publisher: Kenneth Kee
• Release date: May 25, 2019
• ISBN: 9781370970339

Kenneth Kee

Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"

Book preview

Metabolic Alkalosis,

A

Simple

Guide

To

The Condition,

Diagnosis,

Treatment

And

Related Conditions

By

Dr Kenneth Kee

M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)

Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)

Copyright Kenneth Kee 2019 Smashwords Edition

Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com

Dedication

This book is dedicated

To my wife Dorothy

And my children

Carolyn, Grace

And Kelvin

This book describes Metabolic Alkalosis, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.

(What You Need to Treat Metabolic Alkalosis)

This e-Book is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.

If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.

Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.

Introduction

I have been writing medical articles for my blog: http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Disorder) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.

My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.

Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).

I then wrote an autobiographical account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog: http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.

This autobiographical account A Family Doctor’s Tale was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale on http://kenkee481.wordpress.com.

From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 800 eBooks.

Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.

For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.

The later books go into more details of medical disorders.

The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.

Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.

As I tried to bring the patient the latest information about a disorder or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.

Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.

I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.

I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.

I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.

Chapter 1

Metabolic Alkalosis

Acid Base and electrolytes balance is an important topic for any doctor taking care of metabolic and lung diseases as these can affect the heart and kidney.

Every doctor should know how to treat these conditions!

What is Metabolic Alkalosis?

Alkalosis is a disorder in which the body fluids have too much base (alkali).

This is the opposite of acidosis (excess acid).

Metabolic alkalosis is a disorder that is indicated by a higher pH level in the tissues that is well over the range within which it should be.

The pH value in a normal person is moderately alkaline, within the range of 7.36 – 7.44.

It is within this range that the body is designed to function to an optimum point.

Alkalosis happens when the pH is >7.45.

It mainly indicates a rise in the concentration of serum bicarbonate (HCO3–).

Alkalosis happens when there is presence of excess alkali (base) in the fluids of the human body.

Metabolic alkalosis is a frequent problem affecting many people across the globe

What is the cause of Metabolic Alkalosis?

Causes

The kidneys and lungs keep the proper balance (proper pH level) of chemicals called acids and bases in the body.

Reduced carbon dioxide (an acid) level or raised bicarbonate (a base) level makes the body too alkaline, a disorder called alkalosis.

There are different forms of alkalosis.

1. Respiratory alkalosis is produced by a low carbon dioxide level in the blood.

Causes are:

a. Fever

b. Being at a high altitude

c. Lack of oxygen

d. Liver disease

e. Lung disease, which causes the patient to breathe faster (hyperventilate)

f. Aspirin poisoning

2. Metabolic alkalosis is produced by too much bicarbonate in the blood.

It can also happen due to certain kidney diseases.

a. Hypo-chloremic alkalosis is produced by an extreme lack or loss of chloride, such as from persistent vomiting.

b. Hypo-kalemic alkalosis is produced by the kidneys' response to an extreme lack or loss of potassium.

This can happen from taking certain water pills (diuretics).

c. Compensated alkalosis happens when the body restores the acid-base balance to normal in cases of alkalosis, but bicarbonate and carbon dioxide levels stay abnormal.

Compensation for metabolic alkalosis happens mainly in the lungs, which keep the