Diabetic Ketoacidosis, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
By Kenneth Kee
()
About this ebook
This book describes Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases
Just recently I had a patient who complained of light-head-ness and confusion.
She had deep, rapid breathing with abdominal discomfort.
I thought she may be having a transient ischemic attack.
Her blood pressure was normal but her blood sugar was found to be very high (524mg/dl).
I quickly advised her relatives to bring her to the hospital.
Later they came back and told me that she was having diabetic ketoacidosis and was admitted to the intensive care unit for treatment.
Fortunately the doctors managed to bring her high sugar down and correct her ketoacidosis
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a medical emergency with a considerable disease and death rate.
Diabetic ketoacidosis happens when the cells in the body do not receive the glucose they require for energy.
This happens while there is a lot of glucose in the bloodstream, but not enough insulin to help change glucose for use in the cells.
The body identifies this and begins breaking down muscle and fat for energy.
This breakdown forms ketones (also termed fatty acids), which produce an imbalance in the electrolyte system causing the ketoacidosis (a metabolic acidosis).
The glucose that cannot be used due to the lack of insulin remains in the bloodstream (rather than going into the cell and supply energy).
The kidneys filter some of the glucose and pass it out in the urine.
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a severe complication of type 1 diabetes and, much less often, of type 2 diabetes.
DKA happens when the blood sugar is very high and acidic substances termed ketones build up to dangerous levels in the body.
Ketoacidosis should not be confused with ketosis which is not harmful.
Ketosis can happen as an effect of a very low carbohydrate diet, termed a ketogenic diet or fasting.
DKA only happens when the patient does not have sufficient insulin in the body to process high levels of glucose in the blood.
It is less frequent in people with type 2 diabetes since insulin levels do not normally drop so low.
DKA may be the first sign of type 1 diabetes, as people with this disease cannot make their insulin.
Generally diabetic ketoacidosis happens when there is not sufficient insulin to move glucose into the cell where it can be used for energy.
Besides inadequacy of insulin, certain body stress factors combined with diabetes, such as infection or illness, can activate diabetic ketoacidosis.
Occasionally diabetic ketoacidosis is the first sign of diabetes in people who are not conscious they have diabetes.
The most frequent causes of DKA are:
1. Missing an insulin injection or not injecting enough insulin
2. Illness or infection
3. A blockage in one’s insulin pump (for people who are using one)
Risk factors for developing diabetic ketoacidosis
People with type 1 diabetes who are not taking their insulin or are becoming sick with an infection or other disease are at danger for diabetic ketoacidosis.
Normally it happens in people who have type 1 diabetes that are at danger for diabetic ketoacidosis.
While it is infrequent in people with type 2 diabetes, it can happen.
DKA happens when blood sugar levels become very high and the insulin levels are low.
The human body requires insulin to use the existing glucose in the blood.
In DKA, glucose cannot get into the cells, so it builds up, causing high blood glucose levels.
In response, the body begins breaking down fat into a usable fuel that does not need insulin.
That fuel is termed ketones.
When too many ketones accumulate, the blood becomes acidic.
This is called diabetic ketoacidosis.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Chapter 1 Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Chapter 2 Causes
Chapter 3 Symptoms
Chapter 4 Diagnosis
Chapte
Kenneth Kee
Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"
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Diabetic Ketoacidosis, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions - Kenneth Kee
Diabetic Ketoacidosis,
A
Simple
Guide
To
The Condition,
Diagnosis,
Treatment
And
Related Conditions
By
Dr Kenneth Kee
M.B.,B.S. (Singapore)
Ph.D (Healthcare Administration)
Copyright Kenneth Kee 2020 Smashwords Edition
Published by Kenneth Kee at Smashwords.com
Dedication
This book is dedicated
To my wife Dorothy
And my children
Carolyn, Grace
And Kelvin
This book describes Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases which is seen in some of my patients in my Family Clinic.
(What You Need to Treat Diabetic Ketoacidosis)
This e-Book is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This eBook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each reader.
If you’re reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy.
Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.
Introduction
I have been writing medical articles for my blog: http://kennethkee.blogspot.com (A Simple Guide to Medical Disorder) for the benefit of my patients since 2007.
My purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of my patients.
Health Education was also my dissertation for my Ph.D (Healthcare Administration).
I then wrote an autobiography account of my journey as a medical student to family doctor on my other blog: http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.com.
This autobiography account A Family Doctor’s Tale
was combined with my early A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders
into a new Wordpress Blog A Family Doctor’s Tale
on http://kenkee481.wordpress.com.
From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 800 eBooks.
Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.
For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.
The later books go into more details of medical disorders.
The first chapter is always from my earlier blogs which unfortunately tends to have typos and spelling mistakes.
Since 2013, I have tried to improve my spelling and writing.
As I tried to bring the patient the latest information about a disorder or illness by reading the latest journals both online and offline, I find that I am learning more and improving on my own medical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment for my patients.
My diagnosis and treatment capability has improved tremendously from my continued education.
Just by writing all these simple guides I find that I have learned a lot from your reviews (good or bad), criticism and advice.
I am sorry for the repetitions in these simple guides as the second chapters onwards have new information as compared to my first chapter taken from my blog.
I also find repetition definitely help me and maybe some readers to remember the facts in the books more easily.
I apologize if these repetitions are irritating to some readers.
Chapter 1
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Just recently I had a patient who complained of light-head-ness and confusion.
She had deep, rapid breathing with abdominal discomfort.
I thought she may be having a transient ischemic attack.
Her blood pressure was normal but her blood sugar was found to be very high (524mg/dl).
I quickly advised her relatives to bring her to the hospital.
Later they came back and told me that she was having diabetic ketoacidosis and was admitted to the intensive care unit for treatment.
Fortunately the doctors managed to bring her high sugar down and correct her ketoacidosis.
What is Diabetic ketoacidosis?
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a medical emergency with a considerable disease and death rate.
Diabetic ketoacidosis happens when the cells in the body do not receive the glucose they require for energy.
This happens while there is a lot of glucose in the bloodstream, but not enough insulin to help change glucose for use in the cells.
The body identifies this and begins breaking down muscle and fat for energy.
This breakdown forms ketones (also termed fatty acids), which produce an imbalance in the electrolyte system causing the ketoacidosis (a metabolic acidosis).
The glucose that cannot be used due to the lack of insulin remains in the bloodstream (rather than going into the cell and supply energy).
The kidneys filter some of the glucose and pass it out in the urine.
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a severe complication of type 1 diabetes and, much less often, of type 2 diabetes.
DKA happens when the blood sugar is very high and acidic substances termed ketones build up to dangerous levels in the body.
Ketoacidosis should not be confused with ketosis which is not harmful.
Ketosis can happen as an effect of a very low carbohydrate diet, termed a ketogenic diet or fasting.
DKA only happens when the patient does not have sufficient insulin in the body to process high levels of glucose in the blood.
It is less frequent in people with type 2 diabetes since insulin levels do not normally drop so low; however, it can happen.
DKA may be the first sign of type 1 diabetes, as people with this disease cannot make their insulin.
What are the causes of Diabetic ketoacidosis?
Causes
Generally diabetic ketoacidosis happens when there is not sufficient insulin to move glucose into the cell where it can be used for energy.
Besides inadequacy of insulin, certain body stress factors combined with diabetes, such as infection or illness, can activate diabetic ketoacidosis.
Occasionally diabetic ketoacidosis is the first sign of diabetes in people who are not conscious they have diabetes.
The most frequent causes of DKA are:
1. Missing an insulin injection or not injecting enough insulin
2. Illness or infection
3. A blockage in one’s insulin pump (for people who are using one)
Risk factors for developing diabetic ketoacidosis
People with type 1 diabetes who are not taking their insulin or are becoming sick with an infection or other disease are at danger for diabetic ketoacidosis.
Normally it happens in people who have type 1 diabetes that are at danger for diabetic ketoacidosis.
While it is infrequent in people with type 2 diabetes, it can happen.
DKA happens when blood sugar levels become very high and the insulin levels are low.
The human body requires insulin to use the existing glucose in the blood.
In DKA, glucose cannot get into the cells, so it builds up, causing high blood glucose levels.
In response, the body begins breaking down fat into a usable fuel that does not need insulin.
That fuel is termed ketones.
When too many ketones accumulate, the blood becomes acidic.