Trackpad Pro Ver. 5.0 Class 6

By Nidhi Arora

Computer Science Textbook Designed for Joyful Learning

KEY FEATURES
- National Education Policy 2020
- Find on Google: This section asks a quick question from the present world.
- Pure Fact: This presents a 100% pure fact with a numerical data.
- Video Based Question: This is an interactive question to be attempted after watching a small video accessible on the QR Code.
- Coding Zone: This presents a quick insight into coding concepts.
- Career Here: This section indicates the possible career aspects on pursuing similar topics.

DESCRIPTION
Computers, owing to their extensive usefulness and versatility, continue to pave their path into every business, industry and research activity today. Be it entertainment, education, problem-solving, research and decision-making, or home and personal management, data banks, communication and message services, etc., they have become literally indispensable in our daily operations. This makes thorough education on the subject of computers essential across the world.

Trackpad PRO Version 5.0, a computer book series for grades I to VIII, is designed to build a strong foundation for students about to enter the fascinating world of computer technology. With Trackpad, the process of discovery is bound to be equally enjoyable and educational, as the series is written in a friendly and engaging style, which will spark the interest of students of all skill sets.

Based on Windows 11 and Microsoft Office 2021, this series has all that is required to ensure that the students understand and retain what they have read.

The books ensure up-to-date coverage of contemporary computer concepts and most widely used software packages. The series begin to explore the subject of Artificial Intelligence from grade III itself and each grade has four Periodic Assessments & two Test Sheets for evaluation of students’ learning. Grade I and II books have four-line writing space each to inculcate the love for writing and enhance writing skills in children.

I would like to gratefully acknowledge the support provided by my family and friends.I sincerely trust that this book will assist the students in their growth and learning.

Wish you a happy and fruitful learning!

WHAT WILL YOU LEARN
You will learn about:
- Critical Thinking
- Creativity
- Communication
- Collaboration, Information Literacy
- Leadership & Responsibility
- Social Interaction, Productivity & Accountability Social Interaction

WHO THIS BOOK IS FOR
Grade - 6

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Fundamentals of Computer
2. Formulas and Functions in Excel 2021
3. Charts in Excel 2021
4. Introduction to Adobe Animate 2021
5. More on Adobe Animate 2021
6. Learn HTML5 and CSS3
7. Formatting a Web Page
8. Internet Services
9. Algorithm, Flowchart and Mind Maps
10. Introduction to Python
11. Intelligence and AI Approaches
Techipedia (Microsoft Makecode Arcade)
Techipedia (Krita)
Project
OGO Cyber Sample Questions

• Language: English
• Publisher: Orange Education Pvt Ltd
• Release date: Dec 2, 2022
• ISBN: 9789395141154

Book preview

CHAPTER 1

FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER

Hello, Aadya! How do you feel in Class VI?

Hey, Techie! I am very excited and feel happy. You tell me, do you have something new for us?

I would like you to start with the fundamentals of a computer. We need to look back and brush up on the basics before learning something new.

OK, Techie! Where do we start from?

We will start with the history of a computer, my friend Aadya! The computers you see today have taken several centuries to develop. From counting by making marks on a rock or putting pebbles in one place or making knots on a piece of string to solving complex calculations within seconds, human beings have taken this giant leap. Let's learn more about this journey.

In this fast-paced world, computers have become a necessity. We are dependent on computers to a great extent. Their invention has made our lives easier as they help us carry out several tasks, be it making an airline reservation or paying electricity bills, making railway reservations, online bank transactions, etc.

In this chapter, we will learn about categories of computers. Let us recall the journey of computers through different generations.

Evolution of Computers

The evolution of computers has been classified into generations. Let us learn about them in detail.

First Generation (Vacuum Tube-Based Computers)

The first generation computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry, and magnetic drums for memory. They were as large in size as the space of a room.

Second Generation (Transistor-Based Computers)

In the 1960s, transistor-based computers replaced vacuum tubes, marking them the second generation of computers. The transistors were far superior to vacuum tubes which allowed the computer to become smaller, faster, cheaper, more efficient and reliable. These were also the first computers that stored instructions in their memory which moved from a magnetic drum to magnetic core technology.

Third Generation (Integrated Circuit-Based Computers)

This generation of computers weres built using integrated circuits. Small transistors were placed on silicon chips called semiconductors, which drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers.

Fourth Generation (Microprocessor-Based Computers)

In this generation, computers used components like the microprocessor, where micro refers to the physical size of the component. A microprocessor is an integrated chip on which the entire CPU (Control Unit and ALU) is fabricated.

Fifth Generation (Artificial Intelligence)

The development of fifth generation computers is underway. What sets this generation of computers apart is the infusion of artificial intelligence. Developers are aiming at building computers that are capable of organising themselves.

CATEGORIES of Computers

Nowadays, different types of computers are used that can be categorised on their type, size, speed, processing power and price. Let us learn about these categories in detail.

Type

On the basis of their type, computers can be classified into three categories which are analog, digital and hybrid computers. Let us learn about them.

Analog Computer

It refers to a computer that operates by measuring instead of counting. It measures the continuously changeable physical quantities like voltage, pressure, water flow, etc. This type of computer generally displays the output in the form of a graph. Examples of analog computers are mercury thermometers, speedometers in cars, old radios, etc.

Digital Computer

It refers to a computer that uses digits (binary numbers 0’s and 1’s) to generate, process and display data. The results produced by digital computers are more accurate than that of analog computers. All the modern computers that we use like desktops, laptops and smartphones are examples of digital computers. Some other examples of digital computers are digital watches, digital thermometers, electricity meters, etc.

Hybrid Computer

It refers to a computer that provides the functionality of both an analog and a digital computer while processing and displaying data. It uses the speed of an analog computer and the accuracy of a digital computer. This type of computer is generally used in scientific research and specialised applications. The heartbeat measuring machine is a common example of a hybrid computer.

Size, Speed, Processing and Cost

On the basis of size, speed, processing and cost, computers can be categorised as follows:

Microcomputers

Microcomputers were earlier termed personal computers. A personal computer consists of a CPU, computer memory (primary and secondary), input and output devices. There are various microcomputers available nowadays. Let us discuss about them.

Desktop Computer

A desktop is primarily used in offices and at homes. It is designed to fit comfortably on a desk.

Laptop

A laptop is a portable computer that you can keep on your lap. You can carry a laptop anywhere, therefore, you are not restricted to one place as you are while working on a desktop computer.

Tablet

A tablet is a kind of microcomputer that offers new features to the IT-savvy world like a touchscreen. It is available in a variety of sizes and has an in-built virtual keyboard and a battery.

Smartphone

It is a mobile phone built on a mobile operating system. It provides additional features to perform day-to-day tasks including sending emails and accessing the Internet.

Minicomputers

Minicomputers are more powerful than microcomputers. They are bigger in size and faster in processing speed. They can support several users working at the same time on the same machine, which means they support a multi-user environment. Some common examples are HCL Magnum, VAX7500, etc.

Mainframe Computer

A mainframe computer is a massive computer that occupies a huge space and often fills an entire room. It can store an enormous amount of information and is designed for multitasking with several users working simultaneously. Mainframe computers usually have several terminals connected to them. They are manufactured for commercial applications and other large-scale computing purposes.

Supercomputer

A supercomputer consists of a large number of processors and also occupies a huge amount of space. It is a very powerful machine for performing complex scientific calculations. Calculations that a personal computer performs in three weeks can be performed by a supercomputer within a minute.

Supercomputers are also used in the fields of creating animated graphics and conducting nuclear research. Some examples of supercomputers are CRAY XMP-24, PARAM 9000, PARAM and ANURAG.

OTHER TYPES OF COMPUTER

Apart from the types of computers that we have discussed in the previous sections, some other types of computers are embedded computers and handheld computers. Let us learn about these computers in detail.

Embedded Computer

An embedded computer is a special type of microprocessor-based system that is developed for performing a specific task. Let us learn about some of the embedded computers in detail.

Digital Camera

Digital camera is one of the most commonly used embedded computers. Due to the use of embedded computers, cameras have become very smart and provide lots of features that were not present in older cameras. The main function of a camera is to capture photos and shoot videos. It also has a memory to store the captured photos and videos.

Automated Teller Machine

Automated Teller Machine (ATM) is another example of an embedded computer that allows us to withdraw money from our bank account from anywhere and at anytime.

Microwave