Touchpad Plus Ver. 4.0 Class 7

By Nidhi Gupta

Computer Science Textbook with New Pedagogical Approaches

KEY FEATURES
- National Education Policy 2020
- Tech Funda: This section provides a practical information or tip to the students.
- Clickipedia: This section provides interesting computer facts.
- Lab Session: This is a lab activity to develop practical skills. (Subject Enrichment)
- Explore More: This section contains supplement topics for add-on knowledge.
- QR Code: Scan the QR Code given on the first page of each chapter to start chapter animation.
- Mind Boggler: This section has puzzle or fun based activity to help understand the concepts better.

DESCRIPTION
Computer technology has become essential and an integral part of life at work, in recreation, social networking and education too. With the constant development of new technology, it has become more significant in helping and preparing students for jobs. Computers have revolutionised the way education is imparted to children.

Touchpad Plus Version 4.0 is a complete computer science curriculum solution for grades 1-8. It is based on Windows 10 and MS Office 2019, with new and future-ready content. Fun is the most important element of learning. Keeping in mind the concept of Joyful Learning, varied activities have been designed based on multiple intelligences and 21st century skills for holistic development.

The books have a conversational style introduction of each chapter to make learning fun and engaging. The topics and their approaches are integrated in different themes as per ICT learning. Grade I and II books have four-line writing space to enhance writing skills in children. Each book is accompanied by digital learning resources that offer interesting animation and interactive tests for the student to supplement classroom learning with independent learning.

The books are curated in a way that they make students and teachers equal partners in the learning process and take learning beyond classroom. We welcome and look forward to all meaningful and valuable suggestions for improving the book

WHAT WILL YOU LEARN
You will learn about:
- Digital World
- Cyber World
- Coding World
- Computational Thinking
- Artificial Intelligence

WHO THIS BOOK IS FOR
Grade 7

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Number System
2. Advanced Features of Excel
3. Layers in Krita
4. Animations in Krita
5. Google Apps
6. App Development
7. More on HTML5
8. Lists and Tables in HTML5
9. Algorithmic Intelligence
10. Conditional Statements in Python
11. Concept of Smart Living
ADD-ONS
ASSESSMENTS

• Language: English
• Publisher: Orange Education Pvt Ltd
• Release date: Dec 27, 2022
• ISBN: 9789395141321

Book preview

Chapter 1

#Number System

Chapter Profile

Number System

Decimal to Binary Conversion

Binary to Decimal Conversion

Operations on Binary Numbers

A computer takes data from a user and produces result as information. Although the words data and information are often used interchangeably, but there is an important distinction between the two words. In the strict sense, data consists of the raw numbers that computers organise to produce information.

From an early age, we are introduced to the concept of numbers and counting. Toddlers learn at an early age that they can carry two cookies, one in each hand. Kindergarteners start counting by twos and fives. Invariably, we use the decimal number system. Our number system is based on 10, most likely because we have 10 fingers. Let us learn more about the number system.

Number System

A Number System is simply a method of counting. There are many number systems in existence. Consider a clock. Clocks have 24 hours, each hour composed of 60 minutes. Each minute is in turn composed of 60 seconds. When you learnt to count, you used the numbers, like 1, 2, 3, etc. Similarly, computers also have their own number system, known as the binary number system.

The digital computer represents all kinds of data and information like audio, graphics, video, text and numbers in binary form. The total number of digits used in a number system is called its base or radix. Therefore, when someone says that they are working with number system of radix 2, it means base 2, i.e., binary number system. The base is written after the number as subscript such as (512)10. In this example, the number 10 is written as the subscript to express the number in decimal number system.

There are four types of number systems, which are as follows:

Decimal number system

Binary number system

Octal number system

Hexadecimal number system

Decimal Number System

The decimal number system is a standard number system for denoting numbers. It consists of ten digits from 0 to 9. Only these digits can be used to represent numeric value in decimal number system. Hence, the base of decimal number system is 10. The decimal number system is the most widely used number system. The value represented by individual digit depends on the weight and position of the digit.

The position of first digit towards left side of the decimal point is 0. The position of second digit towards left side of the decimal point is 1. Similarly, the position of first digit towards right side of decimal point is –1. The position of second digit towards right side of decimal point is –2, and so on.

The value of a number is determined by multiplying the digits with the weight of their position and adding the results. This method is known as expansion method. The right-most digit of the number has the lowest weight. This digit is called Least Significant Digit (LSD). The left-most digit of a number has the highest weight. This digit is called Most Significant Digit (MSD). The digit 7 in the number 724 is the most significant digit and 4 is the least significant digit.

The given table shows positional weight of decimal number (724)10.

Binary Number System

The word binary comes from 'Bi' meaning two. We see 'bi' in words such as ‘bicycle‘ (two wheels) or ‘binocular’ (two eyes). The binary numbers have the base of 2.

A computer is a machine made up of transistors, switches and other components. All these electronic components are in two mutually exclusive states, either ON or OFF. The two binary digits represent these two states. Every instruction given to a computer is converted into 0’s and 1’s so that it can be understood and implemented by the computer. Binary language is therefore known as the machine language.

A binary number is made up of only 0s and 1s.

Example of Binary Number: 110100

There is no 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 in Binary!

Let us first learn how to form binary numbers.

As the binary number system consists of two digits 0 and 1 hence, its base is 2. Each digit or bit in binary number system can be 0 or 1. A combination of binary digits may be used to represent different quantities like 1001. The positional value of each digit in binary number is twice the place value or face value of the digit of its right side. The weight of each position is a power of 2.

The place value of the digits according to position and weight is as follows:

Octal Number System

The octal number system consists of eight digits from 0 to 7. Hence, the base of octal number system is 8. In this system, the position of each digit represents a power of 8. Any digit in this system is always less than 8. Octal number system is used as a shorthand representation of long binary numbers. The number (841)8 is not valid in this number system as 8 is not a valid digit.

Hexadecimal Number System

The hexadecimal number system consists of 16 digits from 0 to 9 and A to F. The letters A to F represent decimal numbers from 10 to 15. The base of this number system is 16. Each digit position in hexadecimal number system represents a power of 16. For example, the number (764)16 is a valid hexadecimal number. It is different from (764)10 which is seven hundred and sixty four. This number system provides shortcut method to represent long binary numbers.

Decimal to Binary Conversion

To convert a decimal number into a binary number, follow these steps:

Divide the decimal number by 2 (the base of the binary number system).

Note down the quotient and the remainder.

Divide the quotient obtained again by 2 and note down the resulting quotient and remainder.

Repeat the procedure till you reach a quotient less than 2.

List the last quotient and all the remainders (moving from bottom to top). You will get your binary number.

Look at the given examples to understand the conversion better.

Example 1: Convert the decimal number 26, i.e., (26)10 to binary.

The binary equivalent of (26)10 is 11010

In other words, (26)10 = (11010)2

Example 2: Convert the decimal number 64, i.e., (64)10 to binary.

The binary equivalent of (64)10 is 1000000

In other words, (64)10 = (1000000)2

Binary to Decimal Conversion

To convert a binary number into a decimal number, follow these steps:

Start from the right-most digit known as the LSD before the fractional point, and move leftwards.

While doing so, multiply each digit by 2 raised to a particular power. The powers of 2 start from 0 and increase to 1, 2, and so on as you move leftwards.

Add up all the resulting products. You will get your decimal number.

The given examples will help you to understand the conversion.

Example 1: Convert (1111)2 to decimal number.

= 1 × 2³ + 1 × 2² + 1 × 2¹ + 1 × 2⁰

= 8 + 4 + 2 + 1

= 15

(1111)2 = (15)10

Example 2: Convert (10111)2 to decimal number.

=