Touchpad Plus Ver. 4.0 Class 8

By Nidhi Gupta

Computer Science Textbook with New Pedagogical Approaches

KEY FEATURES
- National Education Policy 2020
- Tech Funda: This section provides a practical information or tip to the students.
- Clickipedia: This section provides interesting computer facts.
- Lab Session: This is a lab activity to develop practical skills. (Subject Enrichment)
- Explore More: This section contains supplement topics for add-on knowledge.
- QR Code: Scan the QR Code given on the first page of each chapter to start chapter animation.
- Mind Boggler: This section has puzzle or fun based activity to help understand the concepts better.

DESCRIPTION
Computer technology has become essential and an integral part of life at work, in recreation, social networking and education too. With the constant development of new technology, it has become more significant in helping and preparing students for jobs. Computers have revolutionised the way education is imparted to children.

Touchpad Plus Version 4.0 is a complete computer science curriculum solution for grades 1-8. It is based on Windows 10 and MS Office 2019, with new and future-ready content. Fun is the most important element of learning. Keeping in mind the concept of Joyful Learning, varied activities have been designed based on multiple intelligences and 21st century skills for holistic development.

The books have a conversational style introduction of each chapter to make learning fun and engaging. The topics and their approaches are integrated in different themes as per ICT learning. Grade I and II books have four-line writing space to enhance writing skills in children. Each book is accompanied by digital learning resources that offer interesting animation and interactive tests for the student to supplement classroom learning with independent learning.

The books are curated in a way that they make students and teachers equal partners in the learning process and take learning beyond classroom. We welcome and look forward to all meaningful and valuable suggestions for improving the book

WHAT WILL YOU LEARN
You will learn about:
- Digital World
- Cyber World
- Coding World
- Computational Thinking
- Artificial Intelligence

WHO THIS BOOK IS FOR
Grade 8

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Computer Networking
2. Krita- Image Editing
3. Trending Technologies
4. Images, Links & Frames in HTML5
5. Forms in HTML5
6. Algorithmic Intelligence
7. Loops in Python
8. Functions and String in Python
9. List in Python
10. Domains of AI
11. Future of AI
ADD-ONS
ASSESSMENTS

• Language: English
• Publisher: Orange Education Pvt Ltd
• Release date: Dec 27, 2022
• ISBN: 9789395141338

Book preview

Chapter 1

#Computer Networking

#Chapter Profile

Computer Network

Need for Computer Network

Advantages of Computer Network

Components of a Network

Network Terminologies

Devices Required for a Network

Types of Networks

Topology

Network Architecture

Wireless Networking Technology

Protocol

#Job Prospects

Computer Network Support Specialist

Computer Systems Analyst

Network Administrator

Network Engineer

The process of connecting computers and peripheral devices with each other, so that they can exchange data is called computer networking. Various hardware devices, protocols and software are required for networking. In this chapter, you are going learn about networking and the concepts related to computer networking.

COMPUTER NETWORK

A computer network is a group of interconnected computer systems and other computing devices. There are different kinds of computer networks that work in different ways. Networks may be very small and simple or they may be complex as a global network like the Internet. There may be wired or wireless connection between computers on the network.

The computers on the network can communicate with each other as well as work independently. Each computer in a network is called a node. The computers in the network maybe linked through a cable, hub, switch, NIC (Network Interface Card), modem or router.

NEED FOR COMPUTER NETWORK

Computers and other devices connected on a network help in:

Resource Sharing: It helps the users to share files and hardware devices such as printers, scanners, etc.

Communication: It helps us to communicate with others through e-mail, video conference, instant messaging, etc.

ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER NETWORK

The advantages of computer network are:

The information can be easily shared with others.

It reduces the cost of hardware.

Store information in one centralised location.

Reliability implies backing up of information. If a system crashes, then the information is accessible on another workstation for future use.

Reduction in installation cost.

User authentication process to secure the data.

People will have access to all the information they need to get and share through e-mail and instant messaging which saves time and money in passing information.

COMPONENTS OF A NETWORK

There are mainly five components of a network which are as follows:

Sender: A sender is a computer that wants to send information to other computer connected to the network.

Receiver: A receiver is a computer which is expecting the data from other computer on the network.

Transmission Medium: A transmission medium is a communication channel through which information is transferred from one computer to another on a network.

Message: A message is the information or data which needs to be transferred from one computer to another.

Protocol: A protocol is a set of standard rules used for communication.

NETWORK TERMINOLOGIES

There are several terms related to computer network. Let us discuss some of them.

Server

A server is also called host computer. It controls the access to the hardware and software on the network. It provides a centralised storage area for the programs, data and information.

The server which performs a specific task is called a dedicated server.

The server which manages the printers and documents being printed is called the print server.

The server which stores and provides the access to a database is called a database server.

The server which manages the network traffic is called a network server.

The server which delivers the requested web pages to our computer is called a web server.

Client

Client is a computer which depends on the server for all the resources. For example, a server might store a network version of Excel program. Every client on the network can access the Excel program from the server.

Internet

Internet is a global network of millions of computers and computer networks all over the world. It allows us to access and share information over the network. The Internet contains billions of web sites to provide information.

Intranet

Intranet is a computer network that is used for sharing information, devices and other computing services only within an organisation.

URL

Uniform Resource Locater is the address of a website like www.google.com and www.rediffmail.com.

ISP

Internet Service Provider is a company that provides Internet access on payment of a monthly fee. Some of the ISPs are Airtel, Idea, BSNL (Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited), MTNL (Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited.), Jio, etc.

IP Address

Internet Protocol (IP) address is an unique identification number assigned to a computer connected to a network. It has two main functions: host or network interface identification and location addressing. IP addresses are written and displayed in human-readable notations, such as 172.16.254.1.

DNS

Domain Name System (DNS) is a naming system for assigning a name to the computers, services, or other resources connected to the network. This name is known as domain name. For example, the domain name in the www.yahoo.co.in URL is yahoo.co.in. This domain name is internally converted into IP address.

Web page

Web page is a single digital page on the World Wide Web (WWW) that contains information and links of another pages. These are created by using the Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML).

Website

A website is a collection of web pages which are interlinked to each other. A website may contains thousands of web pages.

Web Portal

Web portal is a website that is specifically designed to provide a single point of access for information. These are also known simply as portals. The major difference between a website and a web portal is that a portal works as a gateway to WWW and provides several services. On the other hand, a website may provides only some limited services.

Hypertext

The text that has a special feature of connecting one web page to another is called a hypertext.

Hyperlink

A hyperlink is simply a part of the Web page that is linked to a URL. It can appear as text, an image, or a navigational tool such as a button or an arrow. When you click on a hyperlink, you will jump to the URL specified by the hyperlink. Hyperlinked text usually looks different from normal text in a Web page. It is often underlined, but can be formatted in a number of ways.

Bandwidth

Bandwidth is the capability of a transmission medium to transmit the maximum amount of data from one computer to another over a computer network in a given amount of time. It is generally in bits per second (bps) or Bytes per second (Bps), Kilobytes per second (Kbps) and Megabytes per second (Mbps). There can be various types of bandwidths which are network bandwidth, data bandwidth or digital bandwidth.

DEVICES REQUIRED FOR A NETWORK

There are various types of devices such as Network Interface Card (NIC), Hub, Switch, Router, Modem, Network Cable and Gateway. Let us discuss about these in detail.

Network Interface Card (NIC)

NIC is an expansion card which provides the network access to a computer. It allows the computer to connect to a network through a wired or wireless medium.

Hub or Switch

Hub or Switch is a hardware device that has various boxes to which the computers, printers and other networking devices are connected. The main function of a hub is to direct information around the network and facilitate communication between all the connected devices.

Router

Router is a networking device used to connect and facilitate transfer of data in the form of packets between two network. It finds best route for data packets over the network. It is located at the gateways where two networks connect.

Modem

Modem stands for MODULATOR - DEMODULATOR. It is a hardware device that is used to connect a computer to the Internet via a telephone line or a wireless medium. It converts data from digital to analog and vice versa. The process of converting digital signals to analog signals is called modulation. The process of converting analog signals to digital signals is called demodulation.

Networking Cable

Networking cable also known as Ethernet cable