Trackpad Ver. 1.0 Class 4

By Nidhi Arora

Computer Science Textbook Designed for Joyful Learning

KEY FEATURES
- National Education Policy 2020
- Find on Google: This section asks a quick question from the present world.
- Pure Fact: This presents a 100% pure fact with a numerical data.
- Video Based Question: This is an interactive question to be attempted after watching a small video accessible on the QR Code.
- Coding Zone: This presents a quick insight into coding concepts.

DESCRIPTION
Trackpad, a computer book series for grades I to VIII, is designed to build a strong foundation for students about to enter the fascinating world of computer technology. With Trackpad, the process of discovery is bound to be equally enjoyable and educational, as the series is written in a friendly and engaging style, which will spark the interest of students of all skill sets.

Based on Windows 7 and Microsoft Office 2010, this series has all that is required to ensure that the students understand and retain what they have read.

The books ensure up-to-date coverage of contemporary computer concepts and most widely used software packages. Though comprehensive in scope, each topic presents practical, day-to-day applications of computers in a friendly manner. The series begins to explore the subject of Artificial Intelligence from grade III itself and each grade has four Periodic Assessments & two Test Sheets for evaluation of students' learning. Grade I and II books have four-line writing space each to inculcate the love for writing and enhance writing skills in children.

WHAT WILL YOU LEARN
You will learn about:
- Fundamentals of computers
- ICT Tools
- Computational Thinking
- Coding and Artificial Intelligence
- PowerPoint
- Word
- Scratch
- Internet
- Robots
- Computer Memory

WHO THIS BOOK IS FOR
Grade-4

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Computer Memory
2. The Computer Timeline
3. Managing Files and Folders
4. Images and Objects in Word 2010
5. Creating Tables in Word 2010
6. Introduction to PowerPoint 2010
7. More on PowerPoint 2010
8. Blocks in Scratch
9. Drawing Shapes in Scratch
10. More on Internet
11. Categories of Robots
12. Techipedia
13. Project
14. OGO Cyber Sample Questions

• Language: English
• Publisher: Orange Education Pvt Ltd
• Release date: Sep 1, 2021
• ISBN: 9789391246686

Book preview

CHAPTER 1

COMPUTER MEMORY

My dear Aadya, if I asked you what your school’s address is, what would you say? And from where would you retrieve that information?

I would tell you my school’s address. Of course, Techie, it will be retrieved from my memory.

Exactly! Just like humans, computers also store information in their memory.

Really Techie, the computer also has memory. Tell me in detail, I want to learn about computer memory.

Okay Aadya, I will explain to you all about the computer memory.

COMPUTER MEMORY

You know that the computer takes input as data and instructions and gives output as information. The entered input (data and instructions) and received output (information) are stored inside a memory which is called computer memory. The data stored in the computer can be stored for a long time and can be retrieved from the computer’s memory, as and when required.

HOW IS MEMORY MEASURED IN A COMPUTER?

We use different units of measurement to measure something, such as gram and kilogram for measuring weight; metre and kilometre for distance; millilitre and kilolitre for liquid. Similarly, the measurement unit or storage unit in which the computer stores information is called memory unit. The basic unit for measuring the memory of a computer is the byte.

Byte: A combination of eight bits makes up a byte. For example, 10001011, i.e., 1 byte equals 8 bits.

Bit: Data and information on a computer is stored in the form of 0s and 1s. These are called binary digits or bits. A group of 4 bits is known as a nibble (half byte).

The following are the various units of computer memory measurements:

TYPES OF COMPUTER MEMORY

The computer memory can be classified into two types:

Primary Memory

Secondary Memory

PRIMARY MEMORY

Primary memory is the main memory of the computer. It is also known as internal memory. It holds the data and instructions that the computer is currently working on and makes it easily accessible for the CPU to process.

Primary memory is further divided into two types:

Random Access Memory (RAM)

RAM

RAM is a volatile memory. The data or information stored in this memory is lost when the processing is incomplete or the computer is turned off. That's why it is also called temporary memory. There are two types of RAM:

Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM)

Static Random Access Memory (SRAM)

Read Only Memory (ROM)

ROM

ROM is a non-volatile memory. The data and information stored in this memory do not lose even if the computer is switched off. It is permanent in nature. There are three types of ROM:

Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM)

Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM)

Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM)

SECONDARY MEMORY

Secondary memory is the external memory of the computer that can store large amounts of data permanently. It is not directly accessed by the CPU. It is cheaper in comparison to primary memory. Secondary memory devices are also called secondary storage devices.

Hard Disk

Hard Disk

Hard disk is the main secondary storage device, used to store data and information. It is fixed inside the CPU cabinet. It consists of one or more magnetic disks which are used to store and restore digital information for usage.

Compact Disc (CD)

CD

CDs are circular in shape. It can store a large amount of data and can be carried from one place to another easily. It can store up to 700MB of data. There are three types of CDs:

Compact Disc-Read Only Memory (CD-ROM): It contains data that has been written at the time of manufacturing and cannot be modified or erased.

Compact Disc-Recordable (CD-R): It allows only one-time recording. Data written once cannot be erased.

Compact Disc-Rewritable (CD-RW): It allows multi-reading. Data written on it can be erased or rewritten.

Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)

DVD

A DVD looks like a CD and can store up to six times more data than a CD. There are two types of DVDs:

Digital Versatile Disc-Recordable (DVD-R): It allows only one-time recording.

Digital Versatile Disc-Rewritable (DVD-RW): It allows to delete and rewrite data on it.

Blu-Ray Disc

Blu-Ray Disc

The Blu-Ray is an optical disc storage device. It is called Blu-Ray because it uses a blue/violet laser light to read and write data. It is used to record and store high-definition videos and can store up to 25 GB of data which is over five times more data than a DVD.

Pen/Flash Drive

Pen Drive

A pen drive is a small-sized storage device. It can be carried from one place to another in a pocket. It is used to transfer data from one computer to another and can be connected to the Universal Serial Bus (USB) port of a