Touchpad iPrime Ver. 2.1 Class 7

By Team Orange

Computer Science Textbook Designed for Joyful Learning

KEY FEATURES
- National Education Policy, 2020
- Tech Funda: This section provides a practical information or tip to the students.
- Clickipedia: This section provides interesting computer facts.
- Hands-On: This section contains an activity for Home assignment.
- QR Code: Scan the QR Code given on the first page of each chapter to start chapter animation.
- Crack the Code: This section has puzzle or fun based activity to help understand the concepts better.
- Project: This is an assessment to challenge the students to apply the concepts learnt.

DESCRIPTION
Touchpad iPRIME (Ver 2.1) series based on Windows 10 and Office 2016 is comprehensively designed as per the new ICSE syllabus. Learning is done best when it’s fun-filled and activity based. To ensure that the content intrigues the students at all times and keeps them interested throughout the course of the book, we have
included interesting key features like Student Corner, Tech Funda, Clickipedia, Comp Caution, Reboot, One Touch Learn, Let’s Do It, Crack The Code, Hands-On, Fun In Lab, Teacher’s Corner, Worksheet, Test Sheet, Project, Speech Drill, Supplement Pages and Glossary.

WHAT WILL YOU LEARN
You will learn about:
- Fundamentals of computers
- ICT Tools
- Number System
- Computer Virus
- Hardware
- Computer Ethics
- Excel 2016
- DBMS
- HTML

WHO THIS BOOK IS FOR
Grade - 7

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Computer—Hardware Components
2. Number System
3. Computer Virus
4. Ethics and Safety Measures in Computing
5. Spreadsheets—An Introduction
6. More on Spreadsheets
7. Database and DBMS—An Introduction
8. More on Access
9. Lists and Tables in HTML
10. More on HTML
11. Project
12. Explore More (Introduction to Flash CS6)
13. OGO Cyber Sample Questions
14. Glossary

• Language: English
• Publisher: Orange Education Pvt Ltd
• Release date: Nov 1, 2021
• ISBN: 9789390475315

Book preview

1 COMPUTER-HARDWARE COMPONENTS

A computer system is made up of two types of components: hardware and software. Both these components are equally important for the functioning of a computer system. Without software components the hardware components are useless and vice-versa.

Software is a set of instructions that make the computer perform tasks. Software is another term for a computer program. Software can be classified into two broad categories: system software and application software. We have already learnt about different types of software in the previous classes. Let us learn more about hardware in this chapter.

HARDWARE

All the physical components of a computer system are called hardware. These are the parts that we can see or touch. Hardware components are classified into two types: internal and external. Let us learn about these in detail.

Internal Hardware Components

All the hardware components that are located inside the CPU Box (System Cabinet) are called internal hardware components. Examples of the internal hardware components are CPU, Motherboard, Power Supply (SMPS), Disk Drives, Modem, Ports, etc. Let us learn about some of them in detail.

CPU

CPU (Central Processing Unit) is a processor, sometimes called a microprocessor. It is the brain of the computer that does all the calculations and runs all the programs. It manages all the operations and carries out the basic instructions which operate a computer.

The three main components of the CPU are:

★ ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit): Performs mathematical and logical operations.

★ CU (Control Unit): Directs all the operations of a processor.

★ Memory Unit: Stores data and instructions.

Motherboard

Motherboard

The motherboard is sometimes called the system board or main circuit board. Many electronic components are attached to the motherboard or are built into it.

The motherboard contains the connectors or slots for attaching additional boards, CPU and memory.

Disk Drive

A disk drive is an internal hardware component of the computer system that is used to read and write on storage disks. Disk drives can either be located internally within a CPU box or located in a separate box that is external to the CPU box. Most of the disk drives work in a similar fashion. They spin the disk for reading and writing data on the disk. The hard disk drive is the most commonly used disk drive. Some other types of disk drives are Compact Disk (CD) drive, Digital Versatile Disk (DVD) drive, and Blu-ray Disk (BD) drive.

SMPS

SMPS

Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS) is a hardware component of the computer used to control the power supply. It is also known as the power supply unit of the computer. It takes the Alternating Current (AC) from a source and converts it into low voltage Direct Current (DC) and then supplies it to other parts of the computer system. It has a switching regulator which controls the output voltage. It also has an in-built fan to reduce the heat.

Ports

A port is a slot on the motherboard that is used to connect other components of the computer such as keyboard, mouse, monitor, etc. to the motherboard. There are various types of ports on the motherboard which are used to connect internal as well as external components of the computer system.

Some of them are as follows:

★ Serial Port: It is also known as a communication port, used to transfer data in or out sequentially one bit at a time. It has pins to connect to the computer. Generally, serial ports are used to connect the modem.

★ Universal Serial Bus (USB) Port: It is also known as a standard cable connection interface, used to connect USB devices and provide power supply to the devices connected to it. Mouse, keyboard, etc., are connected to the computer with the help of USB ports.

★ Parallel Port: It is very similar to a serial port. The only difference is that it transfers multiple bits at the same time. Parallel ports are used to connect the devices which require high-speed data transmission like a printer.

★ PS/2 Port: It was used to connect the keyboard and mouse with the computer. Now, USB ports are used in place of PS/2 ports.

★ Video Graphics Array (VGA) Port: It is also similar to the serial port. The only difference is that it has holes instead of pins. With the advancement in technology, HDMI and Display ports are used in place of VGA ports.

★ Audio Port: It is used to connect external speakers, headphones, microphones and external audio devices.

★ Ethernet Port: It is used to connect the network cable to the computer.

Modem

Internal modem

External modem

It stands for MODULATOR – DEMODULATOR. It is a hardware device that is used to connect a computer to the Internet via a telephone line or a wireless medium. It converts data from digital to analog and vice versa. The process of converting analog signals to digital signals is called modulation. The process of converting digital signals to analog signals is called demodulation. Modems are of two types: internal and external. The internal modem is located inside the CPU box, such as the motherboard plate. On the other hand, an external modem is a separate device that you can connect to the computer with the help of a USB port. It generally contains indicators in the form of small lights.

Sound Card

Sound card

A sound card is a hardware part of the computer system. It is located inside the CPU box and is used to convert the sound into digital data and vice-versa. It allows the computer to play music with the help of an output device like a speaker. A sound card has audio ports through which we can connect the speakers and headphones to the computer.

Video Card

Video card

A video card is an expansion card. It is used to convert the digital data into video form and vice-versa. After converting the digital data into video, it displays the output on a display device such as monitors and TVs. A video card is also used to improve the quality of the pictures and videos. It has processing as well as storage capability.

External Hardware Components

The hardware components that are located outside the CPU box are called external hardware components. As these components are connected to the computer externally, they are also called peripheral components. External hardware components can be classified into three categories:

Let us discuss these in detail.

Input Devices

A computer accepts data and instructions from you through input devices. Data can be in the form of numbers, text, sound or graphics. Some of the input devices are:

★ Keyboard: A computer keyboard is the main input device for computers. Similar to a typewriter used earlier, a keyboard is composed of buttons which are called keys. You can press the keys on it to input data in the form of words and numbers.

Keyboard

A standard keyboard has 104 keys, which can be classified as follows:

Alphanumeric keys (A-Z, a-z, 0-9)

Control keys (Ctrl, Alt, Esc, etc.)

Function keys (F1-F12)

Special keys (Caps Lock, Backspace, Spacebar, Arrow keys, Home, End, etc.)

Punctuation keys (, , -, ;, etc.)

★ Mouse: It is a pointing device that allows you to put data into a computer by using the point, click and drag and drop commands. It controls the movement of the pointer on the screen. It is used to move and select icons, files and folders on your computer. There are two main types of mouse: optical and mechanical.

Optical mouse

An optical mouse is an advanced computer pointing device that uses a light-emitting diode (LED) and an optical sensor. This type of mouse does not require any internal cleaning since there are no rotating parts; however, they can get sticky over time as dust collects near the light emitter. This can cause erratic cursor movement or prevent the mouse from working. You must clean the surface of the mouse and the mouse pad regularly to prevent dust from accumulating on the mouse.

A mechanical mouse uses a rubber ball that makes contact with wheels inside the unit when it is rolled on a pad or desktop. This type of mouse is especially susceptible to dust and particles that can accumulate inside the mouse, which can make it difficult to track or move properly. If the mouse pointer does not move smoothly, you will have to clean the rubber ball.

Mechanical mouse

★ Scanner: Scanner is a device that helps to input printed pictures and text into the computer by reading them. Different types of scanners are available. The choice of scanners depends on the purpose for which these are to be used. Some popular types of scanners are:

Hand-Held Scanner: It is a type of scanner that can be held in hand and rolled over a flat image or document. It is used to scan documents into digital forms. These types of scanners are small in size, portable and less expensive.

Hand-Held Scanner

Flatbed Scanner: It is a type of scanner that uses a flat glass surface for scanning documents. It looks like a photostat machine. Unlike a hand-held scanner, a flatbed scanner does not require movement on the document.

Flatbed Scanner

Sheetfed Scanner: It is a type of scanner that allows multiple papers to be