Psychology Worlds Issue 10: Ethics In Psychology A Psychology Student's And Professional's Guide To Ethical Research: Psychology Worlds, #10

By Connor Whiteley

Over 32,000 words of psychological knowledge, theory and practice by bestselling writer Connor Whiteley in one great collection. If you want great, fascinating information covering a wide range of psychological topics for a cheaper price you NEED to buy this issue!

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Issue 10 contains two brilliant full-length psychology books:

• Ethics In Psychology: A Psychology Student's and Professional's Guide To Ethical Research
• Clinical Psychology Reflections: Thoughts On Psychotherapy, Mental Health, Abnormal Psychology and More

AND contains 5 enthralling blog posts:

• Myths About Happiness
• Myths About Marriage
• How To Achieve Your New Year Resolutions?
• Police Psychology and Police Culture
• Psychology Of Christmas Gift-Giving

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• Language: English
• Publisher: CGD Publishing
• Release date: Oct 6, 2023
• ISBN: 9798215973295

Connor Whiteley

Hello, I'm Connor Whiteley, I am an 18-year-old who loves to write creatively, and I wrote my Brownsea trilogy when I was 14 years old after I went to Brownsea Island on a scout camp. At the camp, I started to think about how all the broken tiles and pottery got there and somehow a trilogy got created.Moreover, I love writing fantasy and sci-fi novels because you’re only limited by your imagination.In addition, I'm was an Explorer Scout and I love camping, sailing and other outdoor activities as well as cooking.Furthermore, I do quite a bit of charity work as well. For example: in early 2018 I was a part of a youth panel which was involved in creating a report with research to try and get government funding for organised youth groups and through this panel. I was invited to Prince Charles’ 70th birthday party and how some of us got in the royal photograph.Finally, I am going to university and I hope to get my doctorate in clinical psychology in a few years.

Book preview

INTRODUCTION

As a university student, I think we can all agree that October is a very strange and amazing month at the same time, and I’m sure that psychology professionals here can back me up. Since for university students, October is the first full month at university for them, they will start to get into their modules properly and they will start to get coursework assignments.

However, October is also a little strange because the entire month doesn’t feel like a beginning. It feels like an end, as the days start to grow darker, we enter the final quarter of the year and a lot of university students will start to get their Final Year Projects if they’re doing this dissertation.

Therefore, the great main book in this issue is brilliant because it’s Ethics In Psychology, and I’m sure some of you have just shuddered at the title of the book, but it is fascinating, and I like to think if you’ve learnt anything out of these issues it’s that I always write in an engaging, conversational and easy-to-understand way.

Ethics is no exception, and as future or current psychology researchers, ethics are flat out critical to understand. As well as I help to bring this great topic to life with real-life examples, my conversational tone and we poke fun at some of psychology’s most infamous studies in the process.

This is a lot of fun.

However, if ethics really isn’t your thing then there are still plenty of topics for you to explore, learn about and enjoy in this issue. For example, you get the entire Volume 1 of Clinical Psychology Reflections: Thoughts On Psychotherapy, Mental Health and Abnormal Psychology. That’s a very interesting book.

And before all of that, you get to read and enjoy fascinating blog posts on topics like, Myths About Happiness, Marriage and Police Psychology and Police Culture, amongst others.

With there being so many wonderful worlds of psychology to explore in this issue, let’s turn over the page and start learning.

3 TIPS TO HELP YOU AVOID CHRISTMAS GIFT GIVING MISTAKES

Today’s episode of The Psychology World Podcast is on the cognitive psychology topic of the Psychology of Christmas Gifting Giving.

Psychology of Christmas Gifting Giving and Cognitive Psychology:

With Christmas just a few weeks away, I know many people have probably done their Christmas shopping, but I want to help people in the present and future.

Because I know finding the right gift is hard, but hopefully this episode will be helpful.

Also, this episode will mainly focus on people’s mistakes when choosing a gift.

Choosing What You Like:

Now, I know many people are guilty of this mistake, but I understand it.

We are related to people, so surely we have common interests?

Well, that probably isn’t true for several reasons.

For example, in my own family, my mum and dad love cars, but I don’t. Therefore, if my parents got me a car present because they liked it. Then I would be very disappointed. 

Bringing in a bit of cognitive psychology here, people have a tendency to overestimate how many people like what we Like, and this is an outstanding example of poor perspective taking. 

You can’t perform the Other Taking Perspective and put yourself in their shoes. 

Christmas giving tip- when you pick a gift ask yourself are you buying it because they will like it or because you will like it.

Choosing goods over experiences

In the Western world, countries that are highly economically developed or above the Brandt line. We have an abundance of goods mostly of the time, and we are spoiled for choice. 

For example, right now I’m writing this blog post on my smartphone in my nice warm bed. I’m surrounded by other examples of technology, books and more. 

Sadly, some people don’t have access to this abundance and can only or just meet the baud needs. This people we need to help and support. This is why with my Global Author Brand I’m going to be focusing on something to help people next year. 

As a result of this abundance, research has shown they receiving material goods over memories, beyond fulfilling basic needs, has no measurable physical or psychological gain. This has been supported by a US survey of 1,279 students. 

A lot of my own family supports this idea as I love going to places and seeing the world and creating new memories. 

Also, as I’m impossible to buy for as people like to tell me. I tend to ask for tickets to the London Book Fair for Christmas. Because it saves me the money but it means I can have the experience of going to a major conference, seeing my role models and having great conversations. 

Christmas giving tips- give someone an experience. Whether it’s a holiday, a spa day, the theatre, etc. 

Refusing to ask questions:

As always one purpose of The Psychology World Podcast is to debunk myths, and this is the biggest mistake people make. 

Because there is nothing wrong with asking people what do you want for Christmas? Or do you want x or y?"

This is only wrong if you're using it to get out of trying to find a present.

If not, this is fine because you're showing to them you care and you want to get them something they will love.

Christmas giving tip- ask questions and have fun! 

Reference:

https://www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/what-do-you-mean/202012/try-avoid-these-6-gift-giving-mistakes

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POLICE CULTURE AND POLICE PSYCHOLOGY

Police psychology is a fascinating area of forensic psychology that examines police behaviour and why the police act as they do. It can be used to explain lots of behaviours that have featured a lot in the news recently. For example, some police officer’s extremely damning attitudes towards women, homosexuals and minority groups. As well as most of these attitudes are from their police culture. Hence the focus of it in today’s episode. If you want to learn about police behaviour, you need to read on!

Extract From Police Psychology- COPYRIGHT 2022 CONNOR WHITELEY

Moving onto our first ‘proper’ topic of the book, we need to look at the idea of police culture because it has dramatic effects on the police and how they operate as you’ll see in upcoming chapters.

However, to get us started, the idea of there being a personality or set of traits that makes a good police officer is dubious.

Because if this personality exists at all, this is most likely down to the requirements of police work rather than a set of already existing traits. (Ball, 1984)

Personally, I’m not even sure I know what these traits would be. Maybe some are hardworking, caring, relatable, good problem solving amongst others.

But if you’re interested in this personality idea, you should read Personality Psychology and Individual Differences because it shows what personality traits actually are. As I think in this case personality traits are being used as a buzzword and not what they actually mean.

Moreover, Ainsworth (1995) suggested two days in police work are never the same. Because the officers will have new suspects, new cases, reports, evidence and more to file each day. Different crimes will be committed and so on.

Leading to the training of police officers are a compromise between what is practical in training and what would be ideal.

With the earlier generations of police officers only getting on the job training. Which let’s face it, isn’t ideal because these young officers could easily learn bad habits from senior officers.

As well as Ainsworth (1995) discussed that past training focused on available powers for police and encouraged route training of legislation.

Now there’s a growing emphasis on extensive training. Hence police academies, at least in the USA.

Also training is increasingly concerned with how to deal with the wide variety of incidents the police may encounter.

This is a good idea I think because when something happens to an officer they need to know how to react. Be it a bank robbery, chasing a suspect, being assaulted, etc. Officers need to know how to react.

How Does Training Affect Officers?

One of the reasons why I do psychology and explore it as much as I can is because every so often you find a very strange fact or something that surprises you about behaviour. And I believe this is one such thing.

Since the process of becoming a police officer leads to changes without the officers knowing.

Which I smile at because I find it amazing how we can change as people and not know how we’ve changed. Sure, I know the same applies to me but I think it’s a strange quirk of behaviour.

To test this, Garner (2005) conducted a study looking at pro-police position and attitudes with police trainees through training and a year later.

The results found drastic pro-police position and attitudes changes on the trainees. But the officers believed strongly they hadn’t changed at all.

Again, I think this is great. We know they’re changed but the person believes they haven’t changed in the slightest.

Culture:

Diving into the Police Culture part of the chapter, part of the training officers receive is on the job training with senior officers. Which as I mentioned earlier can be regarded as practical training and some senior officers may use practices that are less than ideal. Leading trainees to learn bad habits.

I’m mentioning this because it’s important to consider when thinking about the occupational subculture or police culture.

In addition, Skolnick (1996) was the first to suggest the culture of police officers influence the work of the police force and this culture is unique