Dr Glenn McConell chats with Dr Orla O’Sullivan from the Teagasc Food Research Centre, from Ireland. She is a research expert effect of diet and exercise on the gut microbiome (the types of cells in the gut microbiome based on the DNA measurements). She has looked at the gut microbiota in rugby players, cricketers, ironman and other sports. She emphasized the importance of having a diverse gut microbiome. This is a very good episode to extend upon the episode on gut microbiota and exercise with Dr Edward Chambers (podcast episode #57). Very interesting work and a fun chat. Twitter: @OrlaOS.0:00. Introduction2:30. Difference between this and Ed Chalmers podcast episode3:30. Oral’s research background5:30. Gut microbiota sequencing10:42. Anything known about epigenetics and the gut microbiota?12:24. How much does the diet affect the microbiome?15:20. How long does it take for changes in diet to alter the microbiome?18:52. The mouth microbiota21:58. Quantifying gut bacteria22:49. Mechanisms that exercise effects the gut microbiota24:30. Diet and/or exercise. Closely linked26:25. Little effect of whey protein on gut microbiome or metabalome28:30. Gut microbiome in rugby players31:20. Can use creatine kinase as a proxy of fitness?35:40. Immunity in rugby players39:00. May need long term exercise training for microbiota diversity41:18. Cyclists gut microbiota43:22. Cricketers gut microbiota45:20. Probiotics and fermentable fiber etc47:43. Need both a good diet and exercise51:07. Ulcerative colitis and kefir: Prebiotics vs probiotics53:20. Fermented foods have been used for centuries56:25. Differences in gut microbiota in difference sports1:00:15. Protein ingestion and the gut microbiome1:05:35. Antibiotics, the gut microbiome and fermented foods1:10:35. Does gut microbiome diversity directly link to health?1:15:05. Gut microbiota: nature vs nurture1:16:20. Where is the field heading?1:17:35. Age and sex differences in the gut microbiome1:18:44. Takeaway messages1:20:37. Outro (9 seconds)Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of research in exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at:Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1Instagram: insideexerciseFacebook: Glenn McConellLinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460ResearchGate: Glenn McConellEmail: glenn.mcconell@gmail.comSubscribe to Inside exercise:Spotify: shorturl.at/tyGHLApple Podcasts: shorturl.at/oFQRUYouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@insideexerciseAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexerciseGoogle Podcasts: shorturl.at/bfhHIAnchor: https://anchor.fm/insideexercisePodcast Addict: https://podcastaddict.com/podcast/4025218Not medical advice