Dr Glenn McConell chats with Professor Jorgen Wojtaszewski from the University of Copenhagen. Jorgen has an exceptional track record of research examining how exercise increases glucose uptake during the exercise and how exercise increases the sensitivity of muscle to insulin. We discuss insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, type 1 diabetes and exercise, type 2 diabetes and exercise, glucose uptake during exercise, glucose uptake after exercise, best exercise to increase insulin action, gender effects, aging effects etc. Also the likelihood of developing a drug to mimic exercise’s effect of insulin sensitivity.  
0:00. Introduction and how he got into the area 
2:47. Exercise, insulin and insulin after exercise 
5:00. Exercise, insulin and type 1 diabetes. Historical factors re exercise and insulin 
8:50. Exercise and type 2 diabetes 
13:54. Better to prevent diabetes than treat 
15:00. Mechanisms that exercise increases insulin action One bout (acute) of exercise vs exercise training (chronic) 
20:00. Each bout of exercise increases insulin sensitivity For 24-48 hrs. 22:13. Best exercise to increase insulin action 
24:11. Glycogen use during exercise and insulin action 
27:20. Acute exercise after exercise training Is there an upper limit to insulin sensitivity of muscle. 
29:26. Researchers usually involve well controlled people with T2D Can we assume we’d get the same results if involved people with T2D on medications etc. 31:00. Struggles/failures in the lab Winston Churchill. “Going from failure to failures without losing enthusiasm”. Be open to learn from mistakes. 
33:22. Story telling in science Stick with original introduction/rationale. Problem of lack of hypotheses. So called “negative findings”. 
37:12. Sex differences 
39:52. Aging effects Possibly due to less physically active. Same with T2D, tend to be less PA. 
41:45. How know if insulin sensitive? 
45:05. Variability between individuals 
48:02. Personalized phosphorylation of proteins Application to insulin resistance. Also cancer. 
52:02. Insulin resistance central to many diseases Chicken or the egg? 
53:45. Possibility of an exercise pill and would it be safe? AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)!specifically. Possibly eventually a treatment but not a cure. 
58:22. Take home messages.  
Inside Exercise brings to you the who's who of exercise metabolism, exercise physiology and exercise’s effects on health. With scientific rigor, these researchers discuss popular exercise topics while providing practical strategies for all.  
The interviewer, Emeritus Professor Glenn McConell, has an international research profile following 30 years of Exercise Metabolism research experience while at The University of Melbourne, Ball State University, Monash University, the University of Copenhagen and Victoria University.  
He has published over 120 peer reviewed journal articles and recently edited an Exercise Metabolism eBook written by world experts on 17 different topics (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-94305-9).
Connect with Inside Exercise and Glenn McConell at: 
Twitter: @Inside_exercise and @GlennMcConell1 
Instagram: insideexercise 
Facebook: Glenn McConell 
LinkedIn: Glenn McConell https://www.linkedin.com/in/glenn-mcconell-83475460
ResearchGate: Glenn McConell 
Email: glenn.mcconell@gmail.com
Subscribe to Inside exercise: 
Spotify
Apple Podcasts: https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/inside-exercise/03a07373-888a-472b-bf7e-a0ff155209b2
YouTube: https://youtube.com/channel/UChQpsAQVEsizOxnWWGPKeag
Google Podcasts
Anchor
Podcast addict etc