It's time for a serious geek out on all things ketones, ketosis, ketone esters and more!         My guest on today's show, Geoffrey Woo, is co-founder and CEO of H.V.M.N. — Health via Modern Nutrition. He is also the host of the Health Via Modern Nutrition Podcast, a health & performance podcast that recently broke 4 million downloads. H.V.M.N. helped popularize ketones as a food group beyond fats, proteins, and carbohydrates and makes foods & supplements for metabolic performance and health.       H.V.M.N. fuels some of the world's top performers, athletes, and military service members. Geoff is an avid self-experimenter who’s done a 7 day water-only fast, inspired thousands under the COVID-19 lockdown to push themselves with positive challenges by completing the Crossfit Murph workout for 45 days in a row, and studies the optimization of human performance — at the individual scale, the team scale, the organization scale, and at the civilizational scale. He holds a BS with Honors and Distinction in Computer Science from Stanford University.     During our discussion, you'll discover: -How Geoffrey used ketones esters while doing a Crossfit "Murph" for 45 consecutive days...5:45       -Why ketogenesis is not a physiologically typical state...13:00       -The role ketones play when it comes to recovery...16:15       -Pros and cons of endogenous and exogenous ketosis...24:18       -The difference between ketone esters and salts...35:15       -The ketone ester developed by the DARPA program...38:45       -Gold standard usage for dosage and frequency of ketone esters...44:45       -Whether or not ketones break a fast...53:35       -How a process called lactalation enhances the expression of longevity genes...57:11       -Parallels between lactate and ketones...1:02:15       -Stacking sodium bicarbonate w/ ketone esters pre-workout...1:07:15       -Ketones used in place of alcohol in cocktails...1:10:15