Magnesium Battery: Breakthrough to replace the lithium in batteries

By Fouad Sabry

What Is Magnesium Battery

Batteries that use magnesium cations as the active charge carrying agents in solution and typically as the elemental anode of an electrochemical cell are referred to as magnesium batteries. Magnesium cations are found in magnesium. The chemistry of primary cells that are not rechargeable as well as rechargeable chemistry for secondary cells have both been researched. The production of magnesium primary cell batteries has been brought to a commercial level, and these batteries have found use as both reserve and general use batteries.

How You Will Benefit

(I) Insights, and validations about the following topics:

Chapter 1: Magnesium battery

Chapter 2: Lithium-ion battery

Chapter 3: Lithium battery

Chapter 4: Molten-salt battery

Chapter 5: Lithium iron phosphate battery

Chapter 6: Nanobatteries

Chapter 7: Lithium-ion capacitor

Chapter 8: Lithium-sulfur battery

Chapter 9: Thin-film lithium-ion battery

Chapter 10: Solid-state battery

Chapter 11: Lithium-air battery

Chapter 12: Potassium-ion battery

Chapter 13: Sodium-ion battery

Chapter 14: Peter Bruce

Chapter 15: Aluminium-ion battery

Chapter 16: Research in lithium-ion batteries

Chapter 17: Magnesium sulfur battery

Chapter 18: Glass battery

Chapter 19: Calcium battery

Chapter 20: Solid state silicon battery

Chapter 21: History of the lithium-ion battery

(II) Answering the public top questions about magnesium battery.

(III) Real world examples for the usage of magnesium battery in many fields.

(IV) 17 appendices to explain, briefly, 266 emerging technologies in each industry to have 360-degree full understanding of magnesium battery' technologies.

Who This Book Is For

Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of magnesium battery.

• Language: English
• Publisher: One Billion Knowledgeable
• Release date: Oct 15, 2022

Book preview

Copyright

Magnesium Battery Copyright © 2022 by Fouad Sabry. All Rights Reserved.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means including information storage and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the author. The only exception is by a reviewer, who may quote short excerpts in a review.

Cover designed by Fouad Sabry.

This book is a work of fiction. Names, characters, places, and incidents either are products of the author’s imagination or are used fictitiously. Any resemblance to actual persons, living or dead, events, or locales is entirely coincidental.

Bonus

You can send an email to [e-mail] with the subject line Magnesium Battery: Breakthrough to replace the lithium in batteries, and you will receive an email which contains the first few chapters of this book.

Fouad Sabry

Visit 1BK website at

www.1BKOfficial.org

Preface

Why did I write this book?

The story of writing this book started on 1989, when I was a student in the Secondary School of Advanced Students.

It is remarkably like the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) Schools, which are now available in many advanced countries.

STEM is a curriculum based on the idea of educating students in four specific disciplines — science, technology, engineering, and mathematics — in an interdisciplinary and applied approach. This term is typically used to address an education policy or a curriculum choice in schools. It has implications for workforce development, national security concerns and immigration policy.

There was a weekly class in the library, where each student is free to choose any book and read for 1 hour. The objective of the class is to encourage the students to read subjects other than the educational curriculum.

In the library, while I was looking at the books on the shelves, I noticed huge books, total of 5,000 pages in 5 parts. The books name is The Encyclopedia of Technology, which describes everything around us, from absolute zero to semiconductors, almost every technology, at that time, was explained with colorful illustrations and simple words. I started to read the encyclopedia, and of course, I was not able to finish it in the 1-hour weekly class.

So, I convinced my father to buy the encyclopedia. My father bought all the technology tools for me in the beginning of my life, the first computer and the first technology encyclopedia, and both have a great impact on myself and my career.

I have finished the entire encyclopedia in the same summer vacation of this year, and then I started to see how the universe works and to how to apply that knowledge to everyday problems.

My passion to the technology started mor than 30 years ago and still the journey goes on.

This book is part of The Encyclopedia of Emerging Technologies which is my attempt to give the readers the same amazing experience I had when I was in high school, but instead of 20th century technologies, I am more interested in the 21st century emerging technologies, applications, and industry solutions.

The Encyclopedia of Emerging Technologies will consist of 365 books, each book will be focused on one single emerging technology. You can read the list of emerging technologies and their categorization by industry in the part of Coming Soon, at the end of the book.

365 books to give the readers the chance to increase their knowledge on one single emerging technology every day within the course of one year period.

Introduction

How did I write this book?

In every book of The Encyclopedia of Emerging Technologies, I am trying to get instant, raw search insights, direct from the minds of the people, trying to answer their questions about the emerging technology.

There are 3 billion Google searches every day, and 20% of those have never been seen before. They are like a direct line to the people thoughts.

Sometimes that’s ‘How do I remove paper jam’. Other times, it is the wrenching fears and secret hankerings they would only ever dare share with Google.

In my pursuit to discover an untapped goldmine of content ideas about Magnesium Battery, I use many tools to listen into autocomplete data from search engines like Google, then quickly cranks out every useful phrase and question, the people are asking around the keyword Magnesium Battery.

It is a goldmine of people insight, I can use to create fresh, ultra-useful content, products, and services. The kind people, like you, really want.

People searches are the most important dataset ever collected on the human psyche. Therefore, this book is a live product, and constantly updated by more and more answers for new questions about Magnesium Battery, asked by people, just like you and me, wondering about this new emerging technology and would like to know more about it.

The approach for writing this book is to get a deeper level of understanding of how people search around Magnesium Battery, revealing questions and queries which I would not necessarily think off the top of my head, and answering these questions in super easy and digestible words, and to navigate the book around in a straightforward way.

So, when it comes to writing this book, I have ensured that it is as optimized and targeted as possible. This book purpose is helping the people to further understand and grow their knowledge about Magnesium Battery. I am trying to answer people’s questions as closely as possible and showing a lot more.

It is a fantastic, and beautiful way to explore questions and problems that the people have and answer them directly, and add insight, validation, and creativity to the content of the book – even pitches and proposals. The book uncovers rich, less crowded, and sometimes surprising areas of research demand I would not otherwise reach. There is no doubt that, it is expected to increase the knowledge of the potential readers’ minds, after reading the book using this approach.

I have applied a unique approach to make the content of this book always fresh. This approach depends on listening to the people minds, by using the search listening tools. This approach helped me to:

Meet the readers exactly where they are, so I can create relevant content that strikes a chord and drives more understanding to the topic.

Keep my finger firmly on the pulse, so I can get updates when people talk about this emerging technology in new ways, and monitor trends over time.

Uncover hidden treasures of questions need answers about the emerging technology to discover unexpected insights and hidden niches that boost the relevancy of the content and give it a winning edge.

The building block for writing this book include the following:

(1) I have stopped wasting the time on gutfeel and guesswork about the content wanted by the readers, filled the book content with what the people need and said goodbye to the endless content ideas based on speculations.

(2) I have made solid decisions, and taken fewer risks, to get front row seats to what people want to read and want to know — in real time — and use search data to make bold decisions, about which topics to include and which topics to exclude.

(3) I have streamlined my content production to identify content ideas without manually having to sift through individual opinions to save days and even weeks of time.

It is wonderful to help the people to increase their knowledge in a straightforward way by just answering their questions.

I think the approach of writing of this book is unique as it collates, and tracks the important questions being asked by the readers on search engines.

Acknowledgments

Writing a book is harder than I thought and more rewarding than I could have ever imagined. None of this would have been possible without the work completed by prestigious researchers, and I would like to acknowledge their efforts to increase the knowledge of the public about this emerging technology.

Dedication

To the enlightened, the ones who see things differently, and want the world to be better -- they are not fond of the status quo or the existing state. You can disagree with them too much, and you can argue with them even more, but you cannot ignore them, and you cannot underestimate them, because they always change things... they push the human race forward, and while some may see them as the crazy ones or amateur, others see genius and innovators, because the ones who are enlightened enough to think that they can change the world, are the ones who do, and lead the people to the enlightenment.

Epigraph

Batteries that use magnesium cations as the active charge carrying agents in solution and typically as the elemental anode of an electrochemical cell are referred to as magnesium batteries. Magnesium cations are found in magnesium. The chemistry of primary cells that are not rechargeable as well as rechargeable chemistry for secondary cells have both been researched. The production of magnesium primary cell batteries has been brought to a commercial level, and these batteries have found use as both reserve and general use batteries.

Table of Contents

Copyright

Bonus

Preface

Introduction

Acknowledgments

Dedication

Epigraph

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Magnesium battery

Chapter 2: Lithium-ion battery

Chapter 3: Lithium battery

Chapter 4: Nanobatteries

Chapter 5: Lithium iron phosphate battery

Chapter 6: Nanobatteries

Chapter 7: Lithium-ion capacitor

Chapter 8: Lithium–sulfur battery

Chapter 9: Thin-film lithium-ion battery

Chapter 10: Solid-state battery

Chapter 11: Lithium–air battery

Chapter 12: Potassium-ion battery

Chapter 13: Sodium-ion battery

Chapter 15: Peter Bruce

Chapter 15: Aluminium-ion battery

Chapter 16: Research in lithium-ion batteries

Chapter 17: Glass battery

Chapter 19: Glass battery

Chapter 20: Calcium battery

Chapter 20: Solid state silicon battery

Chapter 21: History of the lithium-ion battery

Epilogue

About the Author

Coming Soon

Appendices: Emerging Technologies in Each Industry

Chapter 1: Magnesium battery

Batteries that use magnesium cations as the active charge carrying agent in solution and as the elemental anode of an electrochemical cell are referred to as magnesium batteries. Magnesium may also be used as the anode of an electrochemical cell. The chemistry of primary cells that are not rechargeable as well as rechargeable chemistry for secondary cells have both been researched. Commercialization of magnesium primary cell batteries has led to its deployment in a variety of applications, including reserve and general use batteries.

Research is being conducted on magnesium secondary cell batteries particularly as a potential alternative or enhancement to lithium-ion–based battery chemistries in certain applications. This line of inquiry is one of several that is currently being pursued. Because magnesium cells have a solid magnesium anode, it is possible to build them with a greater energy density than lithium cells, which often need an intercalated lithium anode. This is a key benefit of magnesium cells. Research has also been done on insertion-type anodes (also known as magnesium ion).

Since the beginning of the 20th century, primary magnesium cells have been researched and created. Research has been done on a variety of cathode materials for reserve battery types, such as silver chloride, copper(I) chloride, palladium(II) chloride, copper(I) iodide, copper(I) thiocyanate, manganese dioxide, and air. Various chemistries for reserve battery types have also been investigated (oxygen). A magnesium battery that is energized by water is used in the Mark 44 torpedo.

In specific contexts, researchers are investigating the use of magnesium batteries as a potential alternative to or improvement upon lithium-ion ones. Magnesium has a (theoretical) energy density per unit mass that is less than half that of lithium as an anode material (18.8 MJ/kg vs. 42.3 MJ/kg), but it has a volumetric energy density that is approximately 50 percent higher than lithium's (22.569 GJ/m3 vs. 32.731 GJ/m3). Lithium is more commonly used as an anode material. An overview on anodes for magnesium batteries: difficulties towards a viable storage option for renewables, Nanomaterials 11.3 (2021): 810, cited in Bella, Federico, et al. It is important to note that the electrochemical intercalation of Mg2+ into various solid materials is well recognized, for example coming from aqueous electrolytes. This phenomenon may be seen in many different types of materials. Finding posode materials that exhibit intercalation from the same solutions and demonstrate reversible Mg metal plating is the challenge that has to be overcome.

Mg-ion batteries, in contrast to Mg-metal batteries, which were covered in the paragraph before this one, do not employ Mg-metal on the negode; rather, they use a solid substance that is capable of intercalating Mg2+ ions in its place. These types of batteries often make use of polar electrolytes or aqueous electrolytes. It is not quite obvious if there is a market niche that is financially feasible or competitive for Mg-ion batteries.

The propensity of a metallic magnesium anode to build a passivating (non conducting) layer during the recharging process, which prevents further charging (in contrast to the behavior of lithium), is one of the most significant drawbacks associated with its use; Many different compounds have been investigated to determine whether or not they are suitable for use as cathode materials. Among these compounds are those that are used