2% PWD: Disability Earn Economic Power

By Theodore Pinnock, Sharon Riguer and James Lee

This etextbook is a must-read for business students. Further, it is great for entrepreneurs.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Lulu.com
• Release date: Sep 11, 2022
• ISBN: 9781387623433

Book preview

How To Use This Book

This book is to be applied daily by the PWD entrepreneur. The PWD entrepreneur must memorize the laws before reading the book. After memorizing the laws, the entrepreneur must use them in daily life and business decisions.

Reading

DO NOT TRY TO READ THIS BOOK IN ONE TIME PERIOD. FOR THE FIRST MONTH DO NOT READ IT. YOU JUST NEED TO MEMORIZE THE 40 LAWS.

The Mind Walk Memory Method

Go To The 40 Laws of Entrepreneur Disability Leadership You Tube Videos Explaining The Method

This method is the best way to memorize and retrieve lots of information quickly.

Acknowledgments

International Labor Organization

Christopher M. Bell

Napoleon Hill Foundation

John C. Maxwell

Stephen R. Covey

My Block Builders

Father

He gave me charisma. He taught me war.

Mother

She taught me morality.

James, Jack, Yvonne, Ray, Larry, Hubert, Patrick, and Joshua

My siblings and the people that treated me equally.

Richard, Lee, Claude, Barbara, Todd, Dick, Tony, Denise, Tina, Ross, Edwin, Israel, Kenny, Michael, Caroline, and Judy

People with disabilities from the 1970’s I love.

Nancy Cianci

She was a hospital teacher. She recognized I could learn. She taught me how to type.

Marilyn Grace

She was my teacher from hell at Slade Junior High. She drilled me in math, English, science, history, and social studies. She ignored my excuses and cerebral palsy.

Janice Mazadorian

She taught me about White, educated folks. She was my high school aid.

Jane Hooker and Linda Dean

They tutored me in high school, and they helped me get into college. Also, they taught me about sex.

Francis Franze, Michelle, Margaret, Mark, and Cheryl

My teenage AB friends.

Emily Klar

She was my social worker. She secured funding for my college.

David Bostic

My college roommate.

Rita Pollack and Lydia Gould

They coordinated my college life from arranging tests to going to the Disco.

LaWanda Hope Cook

This Black woman had a profound effect on my future intimate relationships. In 1982 we were the only 2 Blacks with cerebral palsy at the University of Connecticut. In hindsight, L, as I called her‎, is a Claudian leader, and I am a Zhuian leader. Claudians fight evolutionary strategies, and Zhuian fight revolutionary strategies. Both Claudians and Zhuians have the same purposes - PWD civil rights and disability earn economic power but their strategies to achieve these purposes are vastly different. L and I dated, and most thought marriage seemed to be a forgone conclusion. However, our strategies could not coexist. I was the President of the disabled students, and L was the vice president. I grew up poor, and she was middle class. I desired to be an attorney, and L wanted to be a Rehabilitation counselor. We both received M.A. and doctoral degrees. We are .00001% of the 2% PWD. Most of the 2% are White without cerebral palsy. I know only four people of color with cerebral palsy with degrees: L, Hang Lee, Leroy Moore, and Keith Jones.  My former girl is now Dr. Cook, the only Black female with cerebral palsy I know with a Ph.D.

Myrna Roberts

She was my Department of Rehabilitation counselor. She helped pay for law school. She fed and rebuked me. She made my self-employment possible.

Dean Marilyn Perry

She forced me to speak in law school lectures.

Keith Herron and Charles Purdy

They rented me my first office.

Noel Neudeck and Robert Frias

My first access clients.

Elizabeth Calderon, Michelle Wakefield, David Wakefield, Jennifer Watson, and Anna Wiggins

They helped me perfect my law business.

Bernard Schonfeld, Betty Bacon, and Peter Mirche

They funded my law business.

Doris Hoyle, Jennifer Pinnock, and Sharon Riguer

My partners in my current businesses.

Catherine Clinton

Suetonius

Robert Graves

Garrett G. Fagan, The Great Courses

Kenneth J. Hammond, The Great Courses

Ian Worthington, The Great Courses

Bob Brier, The Great Courses

Edwin Barnhart, The Great Courses

John Parker

Andrew R. Wilson, The Great Courses

Nancy Koehn

Jean Edward Smith

Zhu Yuanzhang

Lambda

Spartans

Homer

Septah

Philip Arrhidaeus III

Claudius

Sequoyah

Harriet Tubman

FDR

Justin Whitlock Dart Jr.

Milo C. Jones

Emmett Till

Agripa Mutetsa

Nazir Hakim

Manuel Tan

Mang Tibong

Babu Suryawanshi

The Rainbow Kiosk

Binti Manoa

Fely Lucas

Bob Sabio

Urban Miyares

Doctor Daniel Delgado

Jennifer

Kirk Keating

Lamin Sambou

Mary Gwande

Jambo Luwo

The Oyugis Sheltered Workshop

Momodou Njie

When Yasuhiko Funago

Sharon Gardner

Putol

Mark Esho

Eddie Hennessy

Michael Coyne

Bill Strothers And Cyndi Jones

Rachel Carter

José Ocasla

Terminology

PFC – Prefrontal Cortex. Is a part of the brain located at the front of the frontal lobe. It is implicated in a variety of complex behaviors, including planning, and greatly contributes to personality development.

AB – Abled-body, refers to people without physical impairments

In 1990 the U.S. Congress created the description, people (individuals) with disabilities. Over the last 5000 years, variant terms have been used to describe people with different functions. In ancient times such terms such as lame, feeble, stupid, and dumb were used. Subsequently, retarded, crippled, feebleminded, handicapped, and disabled were used. I prefer the term unique abilities. However, the term disabled is still used by the educated, and handicapped and crippled are still used by the masses.

In this book, I trace PWD leaders throughout history, and I use historical terms to describe their mental or physical state. Also, when I refer to documents, I use words written in those documents. Finally, when I explain the subconscious mind, I use the terms predominate in the masses' subconscious mind - crippled and disabled.

United Nations 53 PWD Entrepreneurs Study

The United Nations wanted to know which of 53 entrepreneurs with disabilities it studied failed to compare it to the failure rate of entrepreneurs without disabilities. One problem - none failed. The U.N. found that entrepreneurs with disabilities' failure rate are far less than entrepreneurs without disabilities; this was known in 1989! So why did no angel investors jump on this remarkable finding?

Cultural disability is the reason investors failed to seize upon this finding in 1989 and now. Also, the Self-Employment for Disabled People - Experiences from Africa and Asia book (U.N. book) was shelved on some government bureaucrats desk and was not sleekly marketed. I found the book after eight months of research. The book is written in research prose, but it is an economic revelation.

I thought I finished this book on August 8, 2020. But I had only anecdotal evidence proving the viability of investing in entrepreneurs with disabilities. I gave up looking for objective evidence for what I knew is true. However, I decided to research entrepreneurs with disabilities from Africa; then, I found gold - the U.N. book.     

Dedicated

Ella Francis Pinnock

On December 9, 2019, my mother died.

I printed the first version of this book

on December 9, 2020, in her memory

My Wife, Jennifer Trinidad Pinnock

Sharon Riguer

Entrepreneurs With Disabilities

State of Connecticut

New Horizons, Inc

United Nations

Hospital for Special Care

State of California

Center for Disability Leadership

Great Courses Series

Elizabeth Pinnock

Kassandra Pinnock

Jacqueline Pinnock

Yvonne Marie Pinnock

Matthew Riguer

David Singletary

David Wakefield

Mary Wambach

Editors

Jessie James Lee

Mary Wambach

Michelle Wakefield

Grammarly

Cover

Sharon Riguer

Gerry Gelle

Michael Balisi

Reference Checker

Shiena Montalban

Book Formatting

Josielyn Gonzales

This book was written and produced 95% by PWDs.

DIC-U-AM

It is challenging to research the history of leaders and entrepreneurs with disabilities due to the historical stigma associated with disclosing a disability. It is surmised that many business owners had a disability, which made them successful but hid their disability. Until recently, disability was a badge of shame, not a trait of a positive identity. For this reason, FDR hid his polio.

However, this book found some past business owners and leaders with disabilities. They share the characteristics of DIC-U-AM: disability catalysts, uniqueness, and aggressive marketing. Disability acts as a catalyst when it causes burning desire and insane action to engage in business or politics.

Forward

The history of entrepreneurs with disabilities starts in the ancient world with beggars. The beggars requested money in exchange for giving the customer happy feelings. Entrepreneurs with disabilities became street vendors.

During the 19th Century, wars left soldiers with injuries. An United Nations study found that most people with disabilities were on the street begging. However, a small percentage of people with disabilities decided to become entrepreneurs because they did not want to beg, and they could not find a job. The study found more entrepreneurs with disabilities in the third world than in the United States and Europe because, in the third world, the government did not provide welfare. However, in the United States and Europe, the government provided monthly financial assistance without requiring people with disabilities to work or earn a living. After reading the study, I realized why I moved to the Philippines because it is the hotbed for entrepreneurs with disabilities.

About 15% of the world's population lives with some form of disability, of whom 2-4% experience significant difficulties in functioning. The global disability prevalence is higher than previous World Health Organization estimates, which date from the 1970s and suggested a figure of around 10%. This global estimate for disability is on the rise due to population aging and the rapid spread of chronic diseases, and improvements in the methodologies used to measure disability.  It increases every year by some 15 million - victims of wars, accidents, malnutrition, and disease.

People with disabilities (PWDs) in developing countries usually lack a common voice to put their case to society. Unless they join associations - and many now do - they have no platform to defend themselves. Therefore, it is hardly surprising that their legitimate claims are treated as an afterthought by politicians and planners, obsessed by budget deficits, debt repayments, and massive unemployment - the grim legacy of the recession and its aftermath.  This paragraph was stated in 1989 by the U.N. book and is valid in 2023.

Few Third World communities can afford fully to maintain the one in ten of their members who are likely to be disabled. Some of them must be fed, clothed, and given special care. All this imposes a heavy burden on families and public services. The traditional back-up systems of kinship solidarity are being strained to breaking point.  This paragraph was stated in 1989 by the U.N. book and is confirmed in 2023.

In human terms, the problem is one of suffering and misery. The feelings of inadequacy, dependency, and insecurity that many PWDs experience often compel them to shun society or turn to begging as a means of livelihood.  This paragraph was stated in 1989 by the U.N. book and is valid in 2023.

In developing countries, facilities for PWDs are woefully inadequate or non-existent. Most disabled people are bypassed by what little relief is available. This paragraph was stated in 1989 by the U.N. book and is confirmed in 2023.

Yet governments are increasingly compelled to introduce austerity measures, often at the expense of social programs. In times of economic recession, some planners are tempted to abandon social development and await better reinstatement times. However, financial strength and social development are inseparable. Any effort, however small, to create fair social conditions for the population will benefit economic recovery. It is not true that economically vulnerable countries cannot afford the luxury of social programs; what they cannot afford is luxury social programs. Thus, as much as it creates harm and misery, economic crisis may force planners to rethink social expenditures and may expose them to the challenge of doing more with less money. This paragraph was stated in 1989 by the U.N. book and is valid in 2023.

The conventional thinking still traps many governments that providing welfare benefits to the unfortunate is proof of their will and ability to practice humanitarian ideals. But for the PWD millions, neither welfare nor charity is the answer, for these measures tend to perpetuate rather than reduce dependency.  This paragraph was stated in 1989 by the U.N. book and is confirmed in 2023.

Such resources could be used more effectively if they were channeled to programs that support the self-help and self-reliance of PWDs. Since current costs of institutional care and rehabilitation are becoming prohibitive, there should be a move towards community-based services. Another cost-effective course of action is the integration of PWDs into conventional schools and training programs. There is also scope for stimulating involvement of private firms in vocational rehabilitation and the development of basic skills. This paragraph was stated in 1989 by the U.N. book and is valid in 2023.

The need for innovative, realistic approaches is urgent.  This paragraph was stated in 1989 by the U.N. book and is true in 2023.

IN BRIEF

LAW 1: DISABILITY EARNED ECONOMIC POWER (DEEP)

All adults can earn money except for the high brain dead.

LAW 2: SOCIAL CONSTRUCT

Things we learn as a child about conditions.

LAW 3: TRANSFORMATION TO DISABILITY ECONOMIC POWER

From handouts to hands ups.

LAW 4: BIAS AGAINST DISABILITY SUBCONSCIOUS DEFAULT RULE (BAD SD)

We learn that people with different mental or physical identities have less or no value in childhood, and we automatically judge people with differences by this learning as adults.

LAW 5: DETACHMENT

During a good or bad experience, be moderate in temperament.

LAW 6: AVOID MENTAL WEAKNESS – POWER OF PERCEPTION (POP)

Appear to have superior knowledge.

LAW 7: MULTIPLE INTERDEPENDENCY

Never hire friends or family as attendants. Hire multiple attendants.

LAW 8: HIDE EFFECTS OF DISABILITY

Highlight abilities in public.

LAW 9: SECLUSION

Be alone each day to meditate.

LAW 10: SICK REFUSAL

Doctors cannot give an opinion on inner willpower. Willpower can overcome sickness until death.

LAW 11: THE DRIVEWAY

Keep on trying to do something that cannot be done.

LAW 12: BEATING DEPRESSION

Each day take action on a long-term goal.

LAW 13: SUFFERING SUCCESS

Enduring suffering with a purpose leads to success.

LAW 14: WARM SPRINGS FDR EMPOWERMENT

Bond daily with people with disabilities that share the same values.

LAW 15: UNDERDOG EMPATHY

Find and cheer on those with the willpower to overcome multiple problems.

LAW 16: STRONG PAIRS

Have a long relationship with a person with a disability that will continuously argue with you but shares your values.

LAW 17: BE RENOWN - CONSTRUCTIVE CHANGE CRISIS (CCC)

Be known for solving big problems.

LAW 18: SECRECY - NEVER LET LEFT HAND KNOW WHAT YOUR RIGHT HAND IS DOING RULE (NEVER RULE)

Never tell everything to anyone.

LAW 19: COMPROMISED MORALITY LONG VIEW

Put a noble purpose before lower moral issues.

LAW 20: APPEAR STRONG ILLUSION

Never look weak.

LAW 21:  MONARCH

Rule over others.

LAW 22: FORTUNE OR GOD

In your mind, take the blame for all the bad luck that happens to you.

LAW 23: NEW ENTERPRISE RULE

Love new challenges.

LAW 24: EARLY STRUGGLES ARE NEEDED

Success comes from conquering early struggles.

LAW 25: USE OWN FORCES

Train your followers and get the best followers.

LAW 26: USE FORCE IF NEEDED

If a follower resists persuasion but will not quit and his benefits are better than his burdens, then force must be used to compel him to conform.

LAW 27: WAR AND CONFLICT

Managers love peace; leaders love conflict and war.

LAW 28: DECLARE FRIENDS AND ENEMIES

Leaders with disabilities must declare all enemies and must make enemies friends for a limited time.

LAW 29: HAVE PARTIES AND FESTIVALS

Have parties to distract from suffering.

LAW 30: HAVE INITIATIVE

Do the right thing without being told.

LAW 31: FOLLOWERS MUST THINK OF THE LEADER FIRST

A follower is part of the body of the leader; when the leader moves, the follower moves.

LAW 32: FEAR ITSELF

Beat fear.

LAW 33: WISE FORESEE RULE

See and stop issues before they happen; see opportunities and take action.

LAW 34: CRUSHING

Enemies must be attacked.

LAW 35: EMOTIONAL PRIORITIES

Be feared first.

LAW 36: THE PEOPLE V. THE RICH

Love people with disabilities.

LAW 37: FOX AND LION FOUNDATION

Be clever and ruthless.

LAW 38: LIBERAL; DEFINITE, FIRM AND CLEAR; FAITH

Be DEFINITE, FIRM AND CLEAR, not evil.

LAW 39: INVITE OPINIONS

Ask for opinions from smart people.

LAW 40: KNOW BUSINESS LAW

Know your rights and duties.

Author's Note

I was born with cerebral palsy in 1962 to a poor Black family in Hartford, Connecticut. In 2023 I am a successful businessman residing in the Philippines. How? I learned by trial and error.

On August 15, 1985, the airplane touched down in San Diego with me on it. I had no money and no friends. I had a Masters’ degree. I went to CSCD, a disability group, where I met Jon Barbre. Jon assisted me in obtaining public assistance and housing. I sold life insurance for a year. Jon ordered me to go to law school. 

I went to law school but was expelled for being absent. I returned and graduated in 1990. I failed the bar in 1990. I passed the bar in 1991.

In 1990, I had a 1-year-old child. I looked for a job for a year. No law firm would hire me. I had to start my firm or remain poor.

On August 3, 1991, I started a sole proprietorship without knowing what the hell I was doing and without any expert help, but I had DIC-U-AM. I was sued. I made no money. In 1995 I took a job with a disability group with a second child on the way. I quit my job and borrowed $19,000 from a person using a wheelchair. Three years later, I bought a home and started having tax and state Bar problems.

In 2007 I was divorced. In 2009 I owed $300,000 in taxes. In 2010 my home was lost to foreclosure. On September 21, 2012, I was disbarred. 

In 2011 I started a legal assistant business with my second wife. In 2015 I started a disability corporation. In 2023 my wife and I own six properties.

I learned the Laws in this book by failing. In the 1980s, there were no tools or books for entrepreneurs with disabilities except for a United Nations book. Even in 2023, there is very little on the topic. The Laws were designed for entrepreneurs with disabilities to avoid my failures.

I knew disability hate from a distance in Connecticut, mostly from stares. I was the gifted poor Black boy with cerebral palsy. The Jamaicans accepted me as my father was one. I was the smartest Crip in New Britain Memorial Hospital. My friends were intelligent kids of European and African descendants. In college, I was the President of a student group.

My White friends taught me rules applied to the non-rich. Exceptions applied to the rich or intelligent folks. They taught me how to fit within an exception or create one. I was shielded from disability hate.

My experience with disability hate commenced in 1985 when I moved to San Diego. The hatred was based on socioeconomic status: the poorer, the more hostility. I had no clue. I was the Golden boy.

I was robbed four times. I was discriminated against by all except educated people.

On September 11, 2009, I moved to Carmona, Philippines. King Philip of Spain perfectly programmed 99% of the inhabitants' subconscious minds to be reactionary, presumptive, and impacted by negative emotions. Disability hate permeates this society cloaked by religious dogma. Nature guided me to Carmona to break me, then rebuild me. In Carmona, I am surrounded by fear, anger, and ignorance. The breeding ground of disability hate. 

In 1975 Todd Kilroy, a crippled, taught me how to go to the bathroom; I was 13 years old. Also, unknown to crippled me, Todd taught me an FDR rule: Never depend upon family or friends for help with your condition for more than a week unless they are a student because such relationships lead to hate. Until 2000 I followed this rule, then I violated it.

Another crippled, Tony Zeaca, in 1975, taught me to be mean and feared, not loved. Until recently, I completely ignored this crippled rule.  

Violating these rules made me hated. Minorities hate me the most because I act like a boss, but I am a fucking crippled in their mind. I decided to study why this is so.

What You Need To Know

Disability leadership and entrepreneurship (DLAE) are academic disciplines and methods.

DLAE combines history, leadership theories, social sciences, biology, and neurology.

History gives us several leaders with disabilities. Most were born wealthy. A minority gained power without being born rich. All created a good fortune.

History shows most people with disabilities were first killed then were pitied.

The Story Of Leaders With Disabilities Started In The Ancient World

The story of leaders with disabilities started in the Bible and in ancient Egypt, Greece, China, and Rome. In the ancient world the wealthy sometimes elevated family members with disabilities to positions of power. For example, King David gave to a family member with a disability power. See Chapter 5, Law 2. Also, in antiquity military service was a method by which soldiers with acquired disabilities achieved power. Before the birth of the Roman Empire other societies, as described in this Chapter, produced leaders with a disability. Then in 80 BC a young man with a neurological disability with a great purpose would transform the world and who impacts humanity today - the man was Julius Caesar. He used conquests and politics to achieve wealth and power. This Chapter describes how politics is the most effective strategy to achieve political power for past and current people with disabilities.

Lambda

In the 8th Century BC, wealthy families, ruled Greece by abusing the people. New leaders took power and were fair with the people; they liberated the people. The rich called them tyrants. 

Cypselus was a tyrant. However, I am more interested in his connection with the first use of the word lame. Tyrant families married their siblings and close relatives to keep power within the families. During this time, two babies were born with club feet.

One baby was thrown to the animals for food. The other baby, Lambda, was not killed. Lambda was born to a tyrant family. The word lame comes from her name. 

No relative wanted to marry Lambda. So, she was allowed to marry a non-relative. Lambda gave birth to Cypselus, the tyrant.

Spartans

Around 450 BC, a six-year-old boy exercised naked with his nude sister. The other day their baby brother was born with one eye. The Spartan leader ordered the father to lay the baby in the field. The father called the boy to lay the baby in the area; the boy did.

The baby cried as his siblings exercised. A wild dog snapped off the baby's foot. A feral cat bit off an arm. Another bit off the head. The siblings played.

In ancient Greece, Spartan leaders decided if babies lived. Any baby with a disability was put in the field for the animals to devour. The Spartans were bred for war. Men had to be soldiers or leaders. Women had to be fit to produce strong babies.

Homer

Homer is the presumed author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, two epic poems that are the foundational works of ancient Greek literature. The Iliad is set during the Trojan War, the ten-year siege of the city of Troy by a coalition of Greek kingdoms. It focuses on a quarrel between King Agamemnon and the warrior Achilles lasting a few weeks during the last year of the war. The Odyssey focuses on Odysseus's ten-year journey home, King of Ithaca, after Troy's fall. Many accounts of Homer's life circulated in classical antiquity. The most widespread was that he was a blind bard from Ionia, a central coastal Anatolia region in present-day Turkey.

Septah

In ancient Africa, a woman pushed hard on a birthing device. The midwife saw the deformed foot of Septah coming forth from the Egyptian Gods. A priest told Setti II, the Pharaoh, to let the crippled boy die. Sutailja, his mother, saved the boy.

Setti II died. A man named Bay advocated for Septah to be Pharaoh. In 1197 BC, Septah became, I surmised, the first leader with a developmental disability. Bay betrayed Septah. Septah put Bay to death.

Philip Arrhidaeus III

Philip Arrhidaeus III was the half-brother of Alexander the Great. Philip had a developmental disability. Alexander was Pharaoh when he died. Philip became Pharaoh.

Julius Caesar

Julius Caesar is the most famous leader with a disability in human history. But what was he famous for? Like all Romans, Caesar was not a great creator. The Egyptians, Mesopotamians, Asians, Persians, and Greeks created writing, mathematics, government, politics, laws, urbanization, farming, science, money, medicine and more. But the Romans were masters at conquering and maintaining order. They learned from other societies then improved upon what they learned from.  Caesar and the Romans excelled at administration, planning, marketing, controlling, providing, and appeasing the masses.  He used war and politics to achieve wealth, influence, power, and an everlasting legacy. During the 20th century and this century, people with disabilities have used war and politics to gain disability earn economic power. This Book summarizes past and current political leaders with disabilities.

But remember, all disability earn and political power started with Caesar.  Each time we view the calendar we see his vision of time. Each time we use the urban spaces we are beneficiaries of his mastery of urbanization. Each time a war is raged, generals use his tactics. Each time we think of good governance, laws, roads, citizenship, architecture, social programs, language, education, business, and the institution of marriage, we must give credit to Caesar. Fortunately, or unfortunately, he taught the Western Europeans how to conquer the world with war and government. Caesar mastered divide and conquered and crossing the Rubicon strategies to wine. Between 1400 and the 20th Century, Western Europeans used these tactics to conquer most of the world except China. However, the Europeans used Caesar’s tactics to weaken the influence and power of China. Therefore, most people use Greek Roman derivative languages and culture, and not Asian or African.

But most people do not know he had a disability. Caesar embodies disability catalyst, uniqueness and aggressive marketing which are the cornerstones of disability entrepreneurship. Caesar’s disability legacy of persistence, pervasiveness, and master strategies to overcome misfortune, adversity, superior forces, and the odds are with us today. In this Book I state there are Claudian and Zhuian entrepreneurs with disabilities but before them was the Julian disability entrepreneur. Disability Julians use revolution then evolution methods to lead. Roosevelt and Dart were Disability Julians.

Caesar was a Roman General and Consul of the Roman Senate. A Consul was like a Prime Minister. After he conquered Gaul and won the civil war, he declared himself dictator for, at first, ten years then for life. I decided not to write in detail about Caesar because others have done so. Caesar wrote widely about his life and military campaigns, but he never addressed his disability. This is a consistent pattern of past and present leaders with disabilities. For example, the current governor of Texas, Greg Abbott downplays his disability.

What little evidence historians have on his physical condition comes from ancient chroniclers, a few of whom refer to a sickness that plagued him in his later years. Suetonius tells of sudden fainting fits and nightmares; Appian writes of convulsions; and Plutarch describes Caesar as suffering from distemper in the head and epileptic fits. According to Plutarch, Caesar collapsed while on campaign in Cordoba, Spain in 46 B.C., and he later had to retire from the Battle of Thapsus in modern day Tunisia after his usual sickness laid hold of him.

As evidence, the researchers point to a famous incident in which Caesar scandalized the Roman public by remaining seated when the Roman Senate presented him with an honor. According to Plutarch, he later blamed his failure to rise on his sickness, which he claimed caused his senses to be speedily shaken and whirled about, bringing on giddiness and insensibility. On another occasion, Caesar exhibited bizarre behavior upon hearing a speech by the silver-tongued orator Cicero. Plutarch describes him as being so affected by Cicero’s words that his body trembled, and some of the papers he held dropped out of his hands and thus, he was overpowered.

Gallic Wars

Caesar waged the Gallic Wars between 58 and 50 BC against the peoples of Gaul (present-day France, Belgium, Germany, and Switzerland). Gallic, Germanic, and British tribes fought to defend their homelands against an aggressive Roman campaign. The Wars culminated in the decisive Battle of Alesia in 52 BC, in which a complete Roman victory resulted in the expansion of the Roman Republic over the whole of Gaul. Though the Gallic military was as strong as the Romans, the Gallic tribes' internal divisions eased to victory for Caesar. Gallic chieftain Vercingetorix's attempt to unite the Gauls under a single banner came too late. Caesar portrayed the invasion as being a preemptive and defensive action. Still, historians agree that he fought the Wars primarily to boost his political career and to pay off his debts. Still, Gaul was of significant military importance to the Romans. Native tribes in the region, both Gallic and Germanic, had attacked Rome several times. Conquering Gaul allowed Rome to secure the natural border of the river Rhine.

Claudius

Augustus Caesar played with Claudius, his great-nephew. Claudius was six years old. Livia, his grandmother, thought to herself, He is lame. I don't need to kill him. He will never be Emperor. Antonia Minor, his mother, hated him.

Claudius was saved from the family killing spree. When the guards killed Emperor Caligula, he was the last adult living heir. He became Emperor. He ruled for 13 years.  Claudius invaded Britain, and he was a good statesman.

Claudius (/ˈklɔːdiəs/ KLAW-dee-əs; Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus; August 1 10 B.C. – October 13 A.D. 54) was Roman Emperor from A.D.