Summary of John D. Preston, John H. O'Neal, Mary C. Talaga & Bret A. Moore's Handbook of Clinical Psychopharmacology for Therapists

By IRB Media

Please note: This is a companion version & not the original book. Book Preview:

#1 The human brain contains approximately 100 billion nerve cells, which are called neurons. The proper functioning of the nervous system depends on communication between the neurons. Each neuron receives oxygen, glucose, and a host of other molecules from adjacent capillaries.

#2 The human brain’s 100 billion nerve cells are richly interconnected, making approximately 100 trillion synapses. In almost all instances, the nerve cells do not actually touch one another; they are separated by this tiny space.

#3 The process of nerve activity begins with stimulation of the cell. The activation of excitatory receptors on the dendrites or the cell body results in a brief change in electrical potential from the cell’s resting state. This change is called an action potential.

#4 The effects of receptor binding vary greatly depending on which type of receptor is activated. Some neurotransmitters are excitatory, while others are inhibitory and act like a brake when turned on. The serotonin system in the brain is an exception, as the molecule serotonin is not inherently excitatory or inhibitory.

• Language: English
• Publisher: IRB Media
• Release date: May 21, 2022
• ISBN: 9798822524057

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Insights on John D. Preston, John H. O'Neal and Mary C. Talaga & Bret A. Moore's Handbook of Clinical Psychopharmacology for Therapists

Contents

Insights from Chapter 1

Insights from Chapter 2

Insights from Chapter 3

Insights from Chapter 4

Insights from Chapter 5

Insights from Chapter 6

Insights from Chapter 7

Insights from Chapter 8

Insights from Chapter 9

Insights from Chapter 10

Insights from Chapter 11

Insights from Chapter 12

Insights from Chapter 13

Insights from Chapter 14

Insights from Chapter 15

Insights from Chapter 16

Insights from Chapter 17

Insights from Chapter 18

Insights from Chapter 19

Insights from Chapter 20

Insights from Chapter 21

Insights from Chapter 22

Insights from Chapter 23

Insights from Chapter 24

Insights from Chapter 25

Insights from Chapter 26

Insights from Chapter 27

Insights from Chapter 28

Insights from Chapter 1

#1

The human brain contains approximately 100 billion nerve cells, which are called neurons. The proper functioning of the nervous system depends on communication between the neurons. Each neuron receives oxygen, glucose, and a host of other molecules from adjacent capillaries.

#2

The human brain’s 100 billion nerve cells are richly interconnected, making approximately 100 trillion synapses. In almost all instances, the nerve cells do not actually touch one another; they are separated by this tiny space.

#3

The process of nerve activity begins with stimulation of the cell. The activation of excitatory receptors on the dendrites or the cell body results in a brief change in electrical potential from the cell’s resting state. This change is called an action potential.

#4

The effects of receptor binding vary greatly depending on which type of receptor is activated. Some neurotransmitters are excitatory, while others are inhibitory and act like a brake when turned on. The serotonin system in the brain is an exception, as the molecule serotonin is not inherently excitatory or inhibitory.

#5

Receptors are protein molecules that have been produced in the neuron and are embedded in the cell membrane. They are able to attach themselves to messenger molecules, and thus activate the receptor. The absolute number of receptors and the ratio of inhibitory-to-excitatory receptors, which ultimately determine sensitivity/excitability levels of the cell, are partially determined by genetics.

#6

Ionic actions occur when neurotransmitters, drugs, or other ligands bind to receptors, which causes the ion channel to open transiently. Metabotropic actions occur when ligands bind to receptors and activate second messenger systems, which then activate a cascade of biochemical events that change cellular activity.

#7

The initial synthesis of neurotransmitters may be inhibited, which will lead to little neurotransmitter being available for release. Neurotransmitters may be subject to excessive degradation by enzymes. Certain biologically based disorders or drugs may either facilitate or inhibit the release of neurotransmitters by the presynaptic bouton.

#8

Nerve cells in the three critical neurotransmitter systems, dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, make up less than 1 percent of total brain neurons. However, they can cause marked dysregulation of the brain, and in some cases, catastrophic psychiatric symptoms.

#9

The brain has been studied in detail, and it is now known which brain structures are implicated in the cognitive, perceptual, and emotional aspects of brain functioning.

#10

The brain can be divided into three basic units: the brain stem, the central core of the brain, and the cerebral cortex. The highest area of the brain, the cerebral cortex, is responsible for many of what is termed human: perception, complex cognitive processes, and reality testing. However, the major biological dysfunctions seen in