A Simple Guide To The Inverted Person, (Situs Inversus) Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions

By Kenneth Kee

This book describes The Inverted Person (Situs Inversus), Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases
While working in the hospital, I was asked to examine a patient of 45years old who came in complaining of abdominal pain.
So I proceeded to observe, palpate and listen to the abdominal sounds and was surprised to find the liver was on the left side of the upper abdomen.
There was no other abnormality in the abdomen except for some gas.
Acting on a suspicion, I listened to the chest and found the apex or tip of the heart was on the right side of the chest.
The heart was pointing in the opposite direction.
I asked the patient whether he knew that his organs were inverted.
He smilingly said that he had known it from childhood.
X-rays had been done when he was a child and showed that his organs were in the opposite position like a mirror image.
He was advised to carry a card to inform doctors that his organs were in an opposite position of the body so that operations such as appendicectomy will not be done on the right side but on the left where the appendix was located.
This was the first and last time that I had come across an inverted man or situs inversus as he is called in latin.
What Is the Inverted person?
Situs inversus (also called situs oppositus) is a congenital disorder in which the major visceral organs are reversed or mirrored from their normal locations.
The liver, for instance, is now on the left, the spleen on the right (Inverted, for want of a better word).
In some patients, a person can live most of their life without realizing they have situs inversus.
Many believe the disorder holds hints to understanding how the bodies differentiate right from left.
The normal organization of internal organs is called situs solitus while situs inversus is normally the mirror image of situs solitus.
In the most frequent circumstances, situs inversus totalis involves the total transposition (right to left reversal) of all of the abdominal organs.
The heart is not in its normal position in the left chest, but is on the right, a disorder known as dextrocardia (literally, right-hearted).
Causes
Situs inversus is a rare congenital disorder in which all of a person’s internal organs in the thorax and abdomen are located on the opposite side to where they should be.
This is a congenital disorder that happened at birth.
Situs inversus is normally a genetic disorder with an autosomal recessive inheritance while it can be X-linked or found in identical "mirror image" twins.
Symptoms
Because the organs can be working in situs inversus, it is possible for a person to have no complications.
Other patients can have poor cardiac function or a lung disorder called primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), which causes mucus buildup in the lungs.
This can result in chronic bronchitis and sinusitis.
People with situs inversus and PCD are said to have Kartagener’s syndrome.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of situs inversus can be made using ordinary radiographic imaging methods such as:
1.Ultrasound,
2.Computed tomography (CT), and
3.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Treatment
A person with a total mirror image situs inversus with no heart defects requires no treatment.
It is essential to let the child's doctor know the heart is on the right side of the chest.
The medicines are:
1.Water pills
2.Drugs that permit the heart muscle pump more forcefully
3.Drugs that decrease blood pressure and ease the workload on the heart (ACE inhibitors)
Children with Kartagener syndrome will need treatment repeatedly with antibiotics for sinus infections.
Children with a missing or abnormal spleen need long-term antibiotics.
The patient may require surgery to correct any obstructions

TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Chapter 1 The Inverted Person
Chapter 2 Causes
Chapter 3 Symptoms
Chapter 4

• Language: English
• Publisher: Kenneth Kee
• Release date: Mar 10, 2018
• ISBN: 9781370415755

Kenneth Kee

Medical doctor since 1972.Started Kee Clinic in 1974 at 15 Holland Dr #03-102, relocated to 36 Holland Dr #01-10 in 2009.Did my M.Sc (Health Management ) in 1991 and Ph.D (Healthcare Administration) in 1993.Dr Kenneth Kee is still working as a family doctor at the age of 74However he has reduced his consultation hours to 3 hours in the morning and 2 hours inthe afternoon.He first started writing free blogs on medical disorders seen in the clinic in 2007 on http://kennethkee.blogspot.com.His purpose in writing these simple guides was for the health education of his patients which is also his dissertation for his Ph.D (Healthcare Administration). He then wrote an autobiography account of his journey as a medical student to family doctor on his other blog http://afamilydoctorstale.blogspot.comThis autobiography account “A Family Doctor’s Tale” was combined with his early “A Simple Guide to Medical Disorders” into a new Wordpress Blog “A Family Doctor’s Tale” on http://ken-med.com.From which many free articles from the blog was taken and put together into 1000 eBooks.He apologized for typos and spelling mistakes in his earlier books.He will endeavor to improve the writing in futures.Some people have complained that the simple guides are too simple.For their information they are made simple in order to educate the patients.The later books go into more details of medical disorders.He has published 1000 eBooks on various subjects on health, 1 autobiography of his medical journey, another on the autobiography of a Cancer survivor, 2 children stories and one how to study for his nephew and grand-daughter.The purpose of these simple guides is to educate patient on health disorders and not meant as textbooks.He does not do any night duty since 2000 ever since Dr Tan had his second stroke.His clinic is now relocated to the Buona Vista Community Centre.The 2 units of his original clinic are being demolished to make way for a new Shopping Mall.He is now doing some blogging and internet surfing (bulletin boards since the 1980's) startingwith the Apple computer and going to PC.The entire PC is upgraded by himself from XT to the present Pentium duo core.The present Intel i7 CPU is out of reach at the moment because the CPU is still expensive.He is also into DIY changing his own toilet cistern and other electric appliance.His hunger for knowledge has not abated and he is a lifelong learner.The children have all grown up and there are 2 grandchildren who are even more technically advanced than the grandfather where mobile phones are concerned.This book is taken from some of the many articles in his blog (now with 740 posts) A Family Doctor’s Tale.Dr Kee is the author of:"A Family Doctor's Tale""Life Lessons Learned From The Study And Practice Of Medicine""Case Notes From A Family Doctor"

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