What does it mean to grow old?  Put another way, what are the hallmarks of aging?  They are questions that have long since intrigued biologists and longevity researchers, with a wide range of theories about what drives the aging process.  We understand the impact of weaker muscles, frailty, cognitive challenges and greying hair, but it is the underlying factors - molecular and cellular mechanisms - that researchers are striving to understand.  Dr. Davide D’Amico is a research scientist with the Swiss cellular nutrition brand, Timeline Nutrition, where he is studying how compounds derived from plants can be used to reverse muscle decline and boost mitochondrial health. In this conversation we cover:- The 'hallmarks of aging,' which refers to the key features of human aging, such as genomic instability and mitochondrial dysfunction.- How the understanding of aging is not simply a chronological process, but also includes the concept of biological aging and the potential for reversing or slowing down this process.- The potential benefits of supplementing with Urolithin A, a compound found in certain foods that can improve mitochondrial health and reduce inflammation.- The importance of muscle strength and physical health in promoting longevity and preventing age-related diseases.- How the ability to convert the precursor molecules found in plants into beneficial compounds like Urolithin A can vary among individuals and is influenced by the diversity and composition of their gut microbiome.- The potential benefits of Urolithin A for the immune system, cartilage health, and overall mobility and quality of life in older adults.- The importance of personalized approaches to health and longevity, with a focus on maintaining quality of life rather than simply extending lifespan.- The overall goal of preventing age-related diseases, supporting optimal health, and promoting a compressed morbidity, where the period of decline in health near the end of life is relatively short.- The need for education and awareness about lifestyle interventions for healthy aging, involving doctors, researchers, politicians, and educators.-DISCOUNTMitopure (a highly pure form of Urolithin A) boosts the health of our mitochondria – the battery packs of our cells – and improves muscle strength. Timeline is offering LLAMA listeners a 10% discount on its range of products – Mitopure powders, softgels & skin creams.  Use the code LLAMA at checkout-Support the showThe Live Long and Master Aging (LLAMA) podcast, a HealthSpan Media LLC production, shares ideas but does not offer medical advice. If you have health concerns of any kind, or you are considering adopting a new diet or exercise regime, you should consult your doctor.