This episode considers the implications of Russia’s increasingly aggressive foreign and defence policies for peace and security in the Arctic, and how China’s growing interest in the polar territories is further reshaping regional relations. Dr Katarzyna Zysk, Professor of International Relations and Contemporary History at the Norwegian Institute for Defence Studies, and Dr Camilla Sørensen, Associate Professor at the Institute for Strategy and War Studies at the Royal Danish Defence College, discuss with Dr Neil Melvin, RUSI Director of International Security Studies, how the security and defence environment of the Arctic has undergone far-reaching shifts, with Russia pursuing military modernisation and a destabilising foreign and security policy towards the transatlantic community, and China’s interests in the Arctic growing rapidly.