Persian Campaigns In The Medes Wars, 494 - 479 Bc

By André Geraque Kiffer

The Medes Wars (494-479 BC) were the first in history to feature large-scale naval operations: not only naval battles between squadrons with hundreds of trirems on either side, but also joint land-sea operations. Ships in ancient times operated only in the relatively calmer waters of the seas and rivers; the oceans were beyond their technical limits. Thus, navies were almost always used as auxiliaries of the ground forces, essentially transporting them supplies and / or themselves. They rarely attacked on their own, and only occasionally did a decisive sea battle take place. A strategic operational effort between land forces and sea forces will be sought to keep the Greeks in doubt as to where the main action is. Land movement is best suited to meet the greatest enemy resistance, and once it has engaged it (not decisively as it was in the Thermopylae), neutralizing its ability to react will allow sea movement to fall to the rear of the Greek position and stand on the defensive tactics, not precipitating an attack as occurred on Plataea.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Clube de Autores
• Release date: Jan 26, 2024

Book preview

ANDRÉ  GERAQUE  KIFFER

Persian  campaigns  in  the

Medes  Wars, 494  -  479  BC.

A  Historical  Simulation.

Author's  Edition

Resende

2019

---  Kiffer,  André  Geraque.

Persian  campaigns  in  the  Medes  Wars,  494  -  479  BC. A  Historical  Simulation.  André  Geraque  Kiffer. Author's  Edition,  Resende,  2019.

Bibliography:  106  p.  23  im.  21  cm..

1.  History.  2.  Art  of  War.  3.  War  Science.  4.  Wargames.  I. Author.  II.  Title.

ISBN  978-85-6585-306-4

2

3

My  story  will  be  as  sure  as  history.  It  will  be  useful  for  anyone who  wants  to  relive  the  past  in  a  present  study  of  the similarities  between  human  conflicts,  seeking  to  anticipate futures.  This  My  History  of  Wars  is  a  definite  achievement  and not  an  ostentatious  work  for  a  current  audience.

(André  Geraque  Kiffer)

4 SUMMARY

I  was  inspired  to  build  this  work  by  reading  Arnold Toynbee's  book,  A  Study  of  History,  and  Trevor  N. Dupuy's  Future  Wars.  Between  2005  and  2007  I acquired  a  collection  of  board  wargames  in  New York,  and  reading  the  book  Wargame  Design published  by  Strategy  &  Tactics  Magazine consolidated  a  Matrix  for  A  Study  of  Military History.  Thus,  from  2008,  I  was  able  to  begin  an analysis  of  the  wars,  campaigns,  and  battles  of history  of  a  particular  time  and  /  or  civilization described  in  the  Smithsonian  Institute's  Atlas  of Military  History.  So  far  I  have  published  the  following series:  I.  Historical  Simulation  of  the  First  Empire Wars  in  2010;  VIII.  World  War  I  Historical Simulation  in  2011;  II.  Historical  Simulation  of  the Wars  in  Classical  Greece  in  2012;  III.  Historical Simulation  of  the  Roman  Wars  in  2016;  and  IV. Historical  Simulation  of  Wars  in  the  Medieval  Era  in 2018.  In  2014,  to  continue  my  work"  A  Study  of

Military  History  ,  I  read  the  book  Japanese  and

5

Chinese  Chess  -  The  Science  and  Art  of  War  and added  a  new  book  The  Study  of  Wars  and  Chess Games  to  my  planned  study,  associating  the foundations  of  chess  games  with  the  principles  of Art  and  Science  of  War.  In  each  book  of  the  work  a selected  war,  campaign,  or  battle  is  studied  at  any of  the  applicable  decision  levels,  namely  the Political,  Strategic,  Operational,  Tactical,  and Technical.  Based  on  a  summary  of  the  historical  fact I  seek  to  highlight  the  decisive  fact  (s)  causing  the negative  result  (s)  before  playing  the  simulation through  a  board  wargame  -  the  actions  on  the  other side  of  the  hill  (from  the  enemy)  are  studied through  a  parallel  electronic  war  game.  In  the simulation  all  the  possibilities  of  the  purpose  of  the study  are  completed  when  the  past  of  history  is analyzed  on  the  basis  of  present  theory  and projected  into  the  future  or  revived  as  a  what  if schematic  case.  When  we  play  we  will  follow  the maxim  WIN  ALWAYS  BUT  WITH  THE  LOWEST

POSSIBLE  COST".

6

Keywords:  History.  Art  of  War.  War  Science.

Wargames.

7 SUMMARY

CHAPTER  1  –  PERSIAN  CAMPAIGNS  IN  THE

MEDES  WARS,  494  -  479  BC.....……….................8 CHAPTER  2  –  STRATEGIC  OPERATIONAL ANALYSIS……......................................................45 CHAPTER  3  –  OPERATIONAL  STRATEGIC SIMULATION….....................................................61

REFERENCES.............................................…....103

8 CHAPTER  1

PERSIAN  CAMPAIGNS  IN  THE  MEDES  WARS,

494  -  479  BC

Some  sources  refer  to  certain  periods  in  Iran's history  under  the  name  Persian  Empire,  which  can be  defined  as  a  succession  of  states  that  controlled the  Iranian  plateau  over  time,  beginning  with  the Achaemenid  dynasty,  founded  by  Cyrus  the  Great, in  the  sixth  century  BC.

Prior  to  the  Achaemenids,  the  Iranian  plateau was  occupied  by  the  Elamite  civilization  (about  2700 BC-539  BC),  whose  capital  was  the  city  of  Anshan and  later  Susa.  Elam  lived  with  the  Jiroft  Kingdom  - established  in  what  are  today  the  eastern  provinces of  Iran,  while  the  Elamites  controlled  the  western portion  of  the  Zagros  mountain  range  -  and

subsequently  succeeded,  extending  across  the

9

Iranian  plateau.  Elamite  civilization  played  an essential  role  in  the  later  Persian  Empire  during  the Achaemenid  period,  maintaining  the  Elamite language  as  the  official  language.

The  beginning  of  the  first  millennium  BC witnessed  the  second  great  invasion  of  the  Iranian plateau  by  Indo-Aryan  tribes  from  Transoxiana  and the  Caucasus,  including  the  Medes  and  Persians. The  first  record  regarding  the  Persians  comes  from an  Assyrian  inscription  about  844  BC,  which  refers to  the  Parsu  (Parsuash,  Parsumash),  locating  them in  the  Urmia  Lake  area,  along  with  another  group, the  Madai  (Medes).

The  Medes  settled  in  the  northern  Iranian plateau  (Ecbatana,