Art And Science Of The Wars In The Modern Age (1453-1774)

By André Geraque Kiffer

Generally speaking, I consider that this Age of human history characterizes a watershed, as at the end most contacts - or clashes - between the existing civilizations on the planet had been made, beginning with the following: The Revolution (from 1775) was the great movement of accommodation (reinforcement of colonization) or self-affirmation (independence) of the various nations. And then, in my opinion, a great imbalance that even today, even with the existence of the United Nations (UN), disturbs the self-sustained development of the world s populations. In the historical simulation I will start from a hypothesis, namely, that geography is associated with history in the representation of the will of peoples with similar customs and interests, to unite and seek to remain so. However, to do so, I will move forward in time beyond the present and select how many and which would be the Great Civilizations that will survive on this planet, just before we finally return to being one great Human Civilization. And then apply this selection to a Political & Strategic board game. In an attempt to make this study more scientific and more playful, I will adapt Sid Meier s board game “Civilization: A New Dawn”.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Clube de Autores
• Release date: Feb 4, 2024

Book preview

ANDRÉ  GERAQUE  KIFFER

An  Historical  Simulation  of  the Art  and  Science  of  the  Wars  in the  Modern  Age  (1453-1774)

Author’s  Edition

Resende

2019

---  Kiffer,  André  Geraque.

An  Historical  Simulation  of  the  Art  and  Science  of  the Wars  in  the  Modern  Age  (1453-1774).  André  Geraque  Kiffer.

Author’s  Edition,  Resende,  2019.

Bibliography:  257  p.  163  im.  21  cm..

1.  History.  2.  Art  of  War.  3.  War  Science.  4.  Wargames.  I. Author.  II.  Title.

ISBN  978-85-65853-45-3

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My  story  will  be  less  certain  than  history;  but  whoever  wants to  relive  the  past  to  study  the  similarities  and  analogies between  human  conflicts  in  the  present  is  enough  for  me  to find  it  useful.  This  War  History  of  mine  is  a  definite achievement  and  not  an  ostentatious  work  for  a  current audience.

(André  Geraque  Kiffer)

4 PROLOGUE

I  was  inspired  to  build  this  work  by  reading  Arnold Toynbee's  book,  A  Study  of  History,  and  Trevor  N. Dupuy's  Future  Wars.  Between  2005  and  2007  I acquired  a  collection  of  board  wargames  in  New York,  and  reading  the  book  Wargame  Design published  by  Strategy  &  Tactics  Magazine consolidated  a  Matrix  for  A  Study  of  Military History.  Thus,  from  2008,  I  was  able  to  begin  an analysis  of  the  wars,  campaigns,  and  battles  of history  of  a  particular  time  and  /  or  civilization described  in  the  Smithsonian  Institute's  Atlas  of Military  History.  So  far  I  have  published  the  following series:  I.  Historical  Simulation  of  the  First  Empire Wars  in  2010;  VIII.  World  War  I  Historical Simulation  in  2011;  II.  Historical  Simulation  of  the Wars  in  Classical  Greece  in  2012;  III.  Historical Simulation  of  the  Roman  Wars  in  2016;  and  IV. Historical  Simulation  of  Wars  in  the  Medieval  Era  in 2018.  In  2014,  to  continue  my  work  "A  Study  of

Military  History,  I  read  the  book  Japanese  and

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Chinese  Chess  -  The  Science  and  Art  of  War  and added  a  new  book  The  Study  of  Wars  and  Chess Games  to  my  planned  study,  associating  the foundations  of  chess  games  with  the  principles  of Art  and  Science  of  War.  In  each  book  of  the  work  a selected  war,  campaign,  or  battle  is  studied  at  any of  the  applicable  decision  levels,  namely  the Political,  Strategic,  Operational,  Tactical,  and Technical.  Based  on  a  summary  of  the  historical  fact I  seek  to  highlight  the  decisive  fact  (s)  causing  the negative  result  (s)  before  playing  the  simulation through  a  board  wargame  -  the  actions  on  the  other side  of  the  hill  (from  the  enemy)  are  studied through  a  parallel  electronic  wargame.  In  the simulation  all  the  possibilities  of  the  purpose  of  the study  are  completed  when  the  past  of  history  is analyzed  on  the  basis  of  present  theory  and projected  into  the  future  or  revived  as  a  what  if schematic  case.  When  we  play  we  will  follow  the maxim  WIN  ALWAYS  BUT  WITH  THE  LOWEST

POSSIBLE  COST".

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Keywords:  History.  Art  of  War.  War  science.

Wargames.

7 SUMMARY

MINIATURES…..….…………………………………..8

REFERENCES....................................................249

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MINIATURES

(IDENTIFIED  IN  THE  SITUATION  MAPS)

1  =  Teutonic  knight  2  =  Slavic  warrior  3  =  Samurai

4  =  Ottoman  knight  5=  Magyar  warrior  6  =  Iberian  knight

7  =  Arab  warrior  8  =  Lancaster  gentleman  9  =  York  gentleman 10  =  Chinese  warrior  11  =  Aztec  warrior  12  =  Lansquenete 13  =  Tercio  soldier  14  =  Spanish  conqueror

15  a  b  c  =  Spanish,

Portuguese  and  French explorer

16  =  Safavid  soldier  17  =  Ashanti  warrior  18  =  Inca  warrior

19  =  German  reiter  20  =  Mughal  soldier  21  =  Aimoré  warrior 22  =  Tupinambá  warrior  23  =  Navajo  warrior  24  =  Apache  warrior 25  =  Bombard  26  =  Venetian  navy  27  =  Ottoman  navy 28  =  Spanish  navy  29  =  Portuguese  navy  30  =  Dutch  Navy

31  =  Quilombola  32  =  Bandeirante  paulista  33  =  English  Navy 34  =  Protestant  standard  35  =  Catholic  standard

36  =  Swedish  leather cannon

37  =  Brazilian  Dutch  38  =  Brazilian  Indian  39  =  Brazilian  Negro 40  =  English  realistic  infantry

41  =  English  parliamentary cavalry

42  =  French  navy

43  =  French  gunner  44  =  Cariri  warrior  45  =  Turkish  infantry

46  =  Russian  infantry  47  =  Swedish  musketeer  48  =  Ukrainian  Cossack 49  =  Russian  musketeer  50  =  Polish  musketeer  51  =  Prussian  grenadier 52  =  Saxon  musketeer  53  =  Austrian  musketeer  54  =  British  musketeer

55  =  Dutch  musketeer  56  =  Prussian  officer  57  =  Portuguese  musketeer 58  =  Danish  grenadier  59  =  French  musician  60  =  Bavarian  musketeer 61  =  French  grenadier  62  =  Prussian  grenadier  63  =  Bavarian  gunner 64  =  Hesse-Kasselian Grenadier

65  =  Austrian  grenadier  66  =  British  sergeant

67  =  Hanoverian  dragoon  68  =  Saxon  grenadier  69  =  Russian  grenadier

70  =  Guarani  warrior  71  =  French  settler  72  =  Abenaki  (French  ally) 73  =  Iroquois  (English  ally)  74  =  British  soldier  75  =  Prussian  soldier

76  =  Portuguese  soldier  77  =  Brunswick  soldier  78  =  Hesse-Kaselian  soldier 79  =  Schaumburg-Lippe soldier

80  =  French  soldier  81  =  Austrian  soldier 82  =  Saxon  soldier  83  =  Russian  soldier  84  =  Spanish  soldier

85  =  Swedish  soldier  86  =  French  navy  87  =  British  navy

9 Theoretical  Reference

Before  we  devote  our  attention  to  the  study  of the  wars,  campaigns,  and  battles  of  the  Modern Age,  which  followed  from  the  Muslim  conquest  of Constantinople  in  1453  to  a  year  before  the American  Revolution  in  1775,  let  us  briefly  go through  a  series  of  historical  facts.  most  influenced the  development  of  the  Art  and  the  Science  of  War in  the  period.

Particularly,  we  can  highlight  the  importance  of the  period  through  its  main  aspects  in  the  fields  of power,  respectively,  Political,  Economic,  Social, Cultural,  Scientific  &  Technological  and  Military:  the formation  and  strengthening  of  national  states,  and at  its  extremes,  is  reached  the  situation  of Absolutism;  the  commercial  expansion,  particularly motivated  by  the  great  navigations,  and  the accumulation  of  wealth  by  the  rulers  through  the Mercantilist  economic  system;  reaching  the  apex  of Islamic  expansion  and  replacing  or  adding  another religious  war,  now  intra-Christianity  or  Catholic

versus  Protestant;  the  continuation  of  the

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Renaissance  was  experienced,  expanding  and planting  the  deepest  roots  of  our  Contemporary  Era through  Rationalism  and  Enlightenment;  and,  as  a result  of  the  great  development  of  the  sciences,  a radical  change  in  the  weapon  systems  and  tactics  of their  use,  with  the  application  of  gunpowder  as  a propellant  of  missiles  -  pistol,  musket  and  cannon fire.

In  general  terms,  I  consider  that  this  Age  of human  history  characterizes  a  watershed,  since  at the  end  most  contacts  -  or  clashes  -  between  the existing  civilizations  on  the  planet  had  been  made, beginning  with  the  following:  from  the  Revolution (from  1775  onwards)  the  great  movements  of accommodation  (reinforcement  of  colonization)  or self-affirmation  (independence)  of  the  various nations.

And  then,  in  my  opinion,  a  great  imbalance  that even  today,  even  with  the  existence  of  the  United Nations  (UN),  disturbs  the  self-sustained development  of  the  world's  populations.  Many  of  the

wars  of  the  period  and  subsequent  waged  within

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larger  civilizations,  compared  to  brothers’  struggles. This  not  to  go  further,  because  I  think  it  is  still  early, and  to  say  that  being  humanity  all  sister,  any  war  is fratricidal.

Im  1:  The  real  Geopolitics.

If  gradually  Peoples,  organized  in  states, nations  or  not,  if  they  were  recognizing  each  other as  parts  of  a  larger  whole,  a  true  and  only  peace  - not  that  of  a  greatest  power  taxes  the  weaker  - could  be  achieved.  Well,  we  may  have  to  wait  for the  planet  being  invaded  by  an  alien  force,  then  that

union  so  far,  no  Ramses,  Darius,  Alexander,

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Caesar,  Jesus  or  Mohammed  succeeded,  it  would be  finally  obtained.

Im  2:  The  Game.

Problematization

Therefore,  I  will  conduct  this  study  by  seeking to  answer  the  following  question:  how  does  the  lack of  integration  of  the  Great  Civilizations  into  which humanity  divides  fail  to  contribute  to  the  survival  of this  planet?

I  will  start  from  a  hypothesis,  namely,  that geography  is  associated  with  history  in  the representation  of  the  will  of  peoples  with  similar customs  and  interests,  to  unite  and  seek  to  remain so.

However,  to  do  so,  I  will  move  forward  in  time beyond  the  present  and  select  how  many  and  which

would  be  the  Great  Civilizations  that  will  survive  on

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this  planet,  just  before  we  finally  return  to  being  one great  Human  Civilization.  And  then  apply  this selection  to  a  Political  &  Strategic  board  game.

Im  3:  Origins  of  the  Amerindian  Civilization.

Methodology

In  an  attempt  to  make  this  study  more  scientific and  playful,  I  will  adapt  Sid  Meier's  Civilization:  A New  Dawn  board  game,  published  in  2018  by Fantasy  Flight  Games.  In  parallel  I  will  play  the classic  electronic  game  Civilization,  by  the  same author,  published  by  MicroProse  in  1995.

Throughout  the  game  the  following  civilizations (identified  by  #  in  Im  1),  Amerindia  (1),  Sub-Saharan (2),  Saharan  Arabian  (3),  Central  Asian  (4),  East Asian  (5)  and  West  Asian  (6),  will  try  to  expand  their geographic  space  and  increase  their  powers.

Some  historical-geographical  explanations  of

what  we  mean  by:

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-  The  Amerindian  civilization  originated  from  the peoples  that  inhabited  all  of  America,  before  the conquest  effected  by  the  European  navigators  from the  fifteenth  century.  We  highlight  the  Aztec,  Inca and  Mayan  peoples,  who,  unfortunately,  were destroyed  in  a  greedy  process  of  mercantilist assimilation.  Their  culturally  weakened  descendants mingled  -  to  a  greater  or  lesser  extent,  depending on  the  rates  of  prejudice  -  with  exploitative  whites and  enslaved  blacks.  This  resulted  in  the  formation of  several  Hispanic  American  and  one  Luso- American  nations,  amalgamated  in  a  so-called  Latin America.

Im  4:  Origins  of  Sub-Saharan  Civilization.

-  Sub-Saharan  civilization  originated  from  the

first  men  on  earth.  On  this  planet  we  are  all

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descended  from  black  couples  -  scientific  tests  of DNA  (deoxyribonucleic  acid)  have  been  proving. The  longest-lasting  ancient  empire  with  great cultural  achievements,  the  Egyptian,  began  with black  kings  from  Sudan.  Unfortunately,  the  scientific development  that  allowed  the  realization  of  the great  navigations  also  allowed  the  exploration, conquest  and  the  disruption  of  population  identities (ethnic)  black  African.  Surrounded  to  the  north  since ancient  times  by  the  Phoenicians,  Greeks, Carthaginians,  Romans  and  Arabs;  and  to  the south,  by  the  British  and  Dutch  in  the  territories  of