Battle Of Zama, October 19, 202 Bc

By André Geraque Kiffer

It could only have been a logistical necessity that made Hannibal march after Scipio to the Battle of Zama, for apparently it would be more logical for him to lead his army toward the city of Carthage and to come between Scipio s army and she. Scipio s forces, though somewhat smaller than those of Hannibal, had two great advantages over the opposing army: the majority of the force consisted of disciplined Roman legionaries, and with the arrival of the Numidian Massinissa Scipio had superiority in cavalry. In Technique we will simulate, that better advised, Hannibal would have predicted the evolution of the training of the Roman army and in one of the decisive actions of his plan would not have wasted his elephants against the legionaries but instead employed them against the horses, still susceptible to the instinct to the fear of these. The Carthaginians will employ the reinforced oblique Jomini battle order on the attacking flank (as, although superior in quantity they were inferior in quality).

• Language: English
• Publisher: Clube de Autores
• Release date: Feb 1, 2024

Book preview

ANDRÉ  GERAQUE  KIFFER

Battle  of  Zama,

October  19,  202  BC.

A  Carthaginian  Historical

Simulation

Author’s  Edition

Resende

2019

---  Kiffer,  André  Geraque.

Battle  of  Zama,  October  19,  202  BC.  A  Carthaginian Historical  Simulation.  André  Geraque  Kiffer.

Author’s  Edition,  Resende,  2019.

Bibliography:  105  p.  34  im.  21  cm..

1.  History.  2.  Art  of  War.  3.  War  Science.  4.  Wargames.  I. Author.  II.  Title.

ISBN  978-85-65853-24-8

2

3

My  story  will  be  less  certain  than  history;  but  whoever  wants to  relive  the  past  to  study  the  similarities  and  analogies between  human  conflicts  in  the  present  is  enough  for  me  to find  it  useful.  This  War  History  of  mine  is  a  definite achievement  and  not  an  ostentatious  work  for  a  current audience.

(André  Geraque  Kiffer)

4 PROLOGUE

I  was  inspired  to  build  this  work  by  reading  Arnold Toynbee's  book,  A  Study  of  History,  and  Trevor  N. Dupuy's  Future  Wars.  Between  2005  and  2007  I acquired  a  collection  of  board  wargames  in  New York,  and  reading  the  book  Wargame  Design published  by  Strategy  &  Tactics  Magazine consolidated  a  Matrix  for  A  Study  of  Military History.  Thus,  from  2008,  I  was  able  to  begin  an analysis  of  the  wars,  campaigns,  and  battles  of history  of  a  particular  time  and  /  or  civilization described  in  the  Smithsonian  Institute's  Atlas  of Military  History.  So  far  I  have  published  the  following series:  I.  Historical  Simulation  of  the  First  Empire Wars  in  2010;  VIII.  World  War  I  Historical Simulation  in  2011;  II.  Historical  Simulation  of  the Wars  in  Classical  Greece  in  2012;  III.  Historical Simulation  of  the  Roman  Wars  in  2016;  and  IV. Historical  Simulation  of  Wars  in  the  Medieval  Era  in 2018.  In  2014,  to  continue  my  work"  A  Study  of

Military  History  ,  I  read  the  book  Japanese  and

5 Chinese  Chess  -  The  Science  and  Art  of  War  and added  a  new  book  The  Study  of  Wars  and  Chess Games  to  my  planned  study,  associating  the foundations  of  chess  games  with  the  principles  of Art  and  Science  of  War.  In  each  book  of  the  work  a selected  war,  campaign,  or  battle  is  studied  at  any of  the  applicable  decision  levels,  namely  the Political,  Strategic,  Operational,  Tactical,  and Technical.  Based  on  a  summary  of  the  historical  fact I  seek  to  highlight  the  decisive  fact  (s)  causing  the negative  result  (s)  before  playing  the  simulation through  a  board  wargame  -  the  actions  on  the  other side  of  the  hill  (from  the  enemy)  are  studied through  a  parallel  electronic  war  game.  In  the simulation  all  the  possibilities  of  the  purpose  of  the study  are  completed  when  the  past  of  history  is analyzed  on  the  basis  of  present  theory  and projected  into  the  future  or  revived  as  a  what  if schematic  case.  When  we  play  we  will  follow  the maxim  WIN  ALWAYS  BUT  WITH  THE  LOWEST

POSSIBLE  COST".

6 Keywords:  History.  Art  of  War.  War  Science.

Wargames.

7 SUMMARY

CHAPTER  1  –  BATTLE  OF  ZAMA….......................8 CHAPTER  2  –  CARTHAGINIAN  TECHNICAL ANALYSIS..................................................……….34 CHAPTER  3  –  CARTHAGINIAN  TECHNICAL SIMULATION….....................................................42

REFERENCES.........…........................................101

8 CHAPTER  1

BATTLE  OF  ZAMA,  OCTOBER  19TH,  202  BC

For  the  reader  who  wants  to  have  an introduction  to  the  history  of  the  Wargames  and  the historical  period  of  Roman  Art  and  Science  of  War, particularly  the  Carthaginians,  we  recommend purchasing  the  first  three  books  of  this  Series.

Im  1:  Teather  of  Operations.

9 Punic  Wars  (from  Latin  Poeni,  Phoenicians  and

Carthaginians)  are  called  the  three  wars  fought between  Rome  and  Carthage  (from  the  Phoenician Kart  hadasht,  New  City)  from  the  3rd  century  BC. The  Mediterranean  domain  was  at  stake.  Rome  had completed  the  unification  of  the  peninsula,  and Carthage  already  occupied  Corsica,  Sardinia,  and part  of  Sicily.  Conflict  between  the  two  maritime  and imperial  powers  was  inevitable.

Second  Punic  War  (218  -  201  BC)

Under  the  leadership  of  Hamilcar  Barca,  the Carthaginians  sought  to  compensate  with  the conquest  of  Hispania  (from  the  Phoenician  Span, rabbit)  the  loss  of  Sicily.  The  Morena  Mines  allowed them  to  pay  the  war  debt  (231),  and  Hasdrubal, Hamilcar  Barca's  son-in-law,  founds  the  coast  of New  Carthage,  or  Cartagena  (227),  and  pledged  not to  pass  the  Ebro  River;  the  Romans  then  recognize Carthaginian  sovereignty  south  of  the  river,  but  join together  as  a  precaution  to  Saguntum,  a  southern

city  on  the  eastern  coast  of  the  same  Hispania.

10 In  221  Hasdrubal  is  assassinated  and  his

brother-in-law  Hannibal  son  of  Hamilcar  becomes supreme  commander  of  the  Carthaginians  in Hispania.  In  219,  he