Chatbot: Fundamentals and Applications

By Fouad Sabry

What Is Chatbot

A chatbot is a piece of software that, through text or voice interactions, attempts to simulate human conversation. These conversations often take place online. Chatbots are a type of artificial intelligence (AI) system that can hold a conversation with a user in natural language and simulate the way a human would act as a conversational partner. Modern chatbots are capable of holding a conversation with a user in natural language. Deep learning and natural language processing are two areas that are frequently utilized in the development of such systems.

How You Will Benefit

(I) Insights, and validations about the following topics:

Chapter 1: Chatbot

Chapter 2: Internet bot

Chapter 3: List of chatbots

Chapter 4: Virtual assistant

Chapter 5: OpenAI

Chapter 6: Conversational commerce

Chapter 7: LaMDA

Chapter 8: ChatGPT

Chapter 9: Hallucination (artificial intelligence)

Chapter 10: Generative pre-trained transformer

(II) Answering the public top questions about chatbot.

(III) Real world examples for the usage of chatbot in many fields.

(IV) 17 appendices to explain, briefly, 266 emerging technologies in each industry to have 360-degree full understanding of chatbot' technologies.

Who This Book Is For

Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of chatbot.

• Language: English
• Publisher: One Billion Knowledgeable
• Release date: Jul 5, 2023

Book preview

Chapter 1: Chatbot

A chatbot (formerly chatterbot) is a software tool that seeks to replicate human communication via text or voice interactions, generally online. Modern chatbots are artificial intelligence (AI) systems that are capable of sustaining a conversation with a user in natural language and replicating the way a person would act as a conversational partner. Such systems generally employ components of deep learning and natural language processing.

The success of OpenAI's ChatGPT has contributed to the recent surge in interest that has recently been shown in this area, The now-famous paper Computing Machinery and Intelligence by Alan Turing was first published in 1950. In this article, Turing suggested what is now known as the Turing test as a criteria for determining intelligence. This criterion depends on the capability of a computer program to impersonate a human in a real-time written conversation with a human judge to the extent that the judge is unable to distinguish reliably between the program and a real human based solely on the content of the conversation between the two parties. Users of Joseph Weizenbaum's software ELIZA, which was released in 1966, looked to be able to trick users into thinking that they were interacting with a real person due to the reputation that was generated by Alan Turing's suggested test. This generated a significant deal of interest in the program. Weizenbaum, on the other hand, never claimed that ELIZA had true intelligence, and the opening to his article framed the whole thing as more of a debunking exercise:

Through the use of artificial intelligence, robots may be designed to act in wonderful ways, which are often capable of leaving even the most seasoned observer bewildered. But as soon as a specific program is deciphered, as soon as its inner workings are described, the program's magic disappears, and it is seen to be nothing more than a collection of operations. The spectator reflects on his own capabilities and thinks to himself, I could have written that. After having that thinking, he transfers the questionable software from the shelf that is labeled intelligent to the shelf that is designated for oddities. The purpose of this article is to bring about just such a reappraisal of the program that is going to be described in the following paragraphs. There have been few programs that have need it more.

ELIZA's key method of operation, which has been copied by chatbot designers ever since, involves the recognition of clue words or phrases in the input, and the output of the corresponding pre-prepared or pre-programmed responses that can move the conversation forward in an apparently meaningful way (for example, by responding to any input that contains the word 'MOTHER' with 'TELL ME MORE ABOUT YOUR FAMILY'). This allows the conversation to move forward in an apparently meaningful way. This results in the creation of a false sense of comprehension, despite the fact that the processing that took place being just superficial. ELIZA demonstrated that it is remarkably simple to manufacture an illusion such as this one because human judges are so willing to give the benefit of the doubt when it comes to determining whether or not conversational replies are capable of being perceived as intelligent..

The designers of user interfaces have come to realize that the human propensity to perceive computer output as really conversational, despite the fact that it is actually based on very basic pattern-matching, is something that may be used for the achievement of meaningful goals. Chatbot-style techniques have the potential to play a useful role in interactive systems that need to elicit information from users. This is provided that the information being elicited from users is relatively straightforward and falls into predictable categories. Since the majority of people prefer to interact with programs that are human-like, this opens the door for the development of chatbots. Therefore, for example, online help systems can usefully employ chatbot techniques to