Betting on Horse Racing For Dummies

By Richard Eng

Betting on Horse Racing For Dummies is packed with information that teaches you the ins and outs of the racetrack. You’ll learn how to improve your odds, avoid common betting mistakes, and just plain have fun at the races. This is a spectator’s easy-to-understand guide, so you’ll have no trouble identifying the racing breeds with their strengths and weaknesses, sizing up the jockey, understanding the importance and role of a trainer, placing bets, managing money, and beyond. Can’t make it to the track? No worries! You’ll get the scoop on online betting with off track betting sites and apps. This update covers the latest changes in the betting world and in the racing world, so you’ll know just what you’re wagering.

• Learn about the different types of horse racing
• Discover and identify the best racing breeds
• Know your jockeys and trainers
• Make smart wagers and manage your funds

For beginning betters, Betting on Horse Racing For Dummies is your ticket to well informed wagers and a winning edge. Already know the ropes? You’ll love the market trends and insider tips you’ll find inside.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Wiley
• Release date: Nov 21, 2022
• ISBN: 9781119909156

Book preview

Introduction

No sport parallels the history of our country like horse racing, which started with horses racing in Europe and Asia centuries before discoverers found the New World. When settlers came to America, they brought horses with them. And, of course, Native Americans already used horses in their daily lives. Horses were used primarily for farming and transportation. But it didn’t take long for one horse owner to say to another, My horse is faster than your horse.

In Betting on Horse Racing For Dummies, 2nd Edition, I cover the great sport of horse racing from every angle I can think of. If you bought and read the first edition, you’ll find mostly new material in this edition.

I wrote the first edition in 2004 and this second edition in 2022. In the intervening 18 years, a lot has changed, though a lot is still the same.

I’d love to hear from you when you finish this book. The first book made me a lot of new horse-racing friends, and I hope the second edition does the same thing.

About This Book

I’ve been involved with horse racing since 1979. The sport has been very good to me in many ways. Maybe the most important reason is all the wonderful people I’ve met along the way.

I hope the original Betting on Horse Racing for Dummies book (and now this second edition) will create thousands more new horse-racing fans.

In 2004, horse racing was riding the crest of Triple Crown tries by Funny Cide and Smarty Jones, leading to the first Betting on Horse Racing For Dummies book. Turn the clock forward to today, and we’ve had not one but two Triple Crown champions since the first edition:

American Pharoah won the Triple Crown (which consists of the Kentucky Derby, Preakness, and Belmont Stakes) in 2015.

Three years later, Justify won it, destroying the curse of Apollo in the process. In 1882, Apollo became the first — and until Justify — the only unraced 2-year-old horse to win the Kentucky Derby. Scores of unraced 2-year-olds tried to win the Kentucky Derby as a 3-year-old, but all failed. The curse of Apollo was 136 years in the making until Justify became the second unraced 2-year-old to win the Kentucky Derby in 2018.

Another factor that led to this book has nothing to do with horse racing. In May 2018, the U.S. Supreme Court struck down the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act (PASPA), which prohibited states from offering legalized sports betting. PASPA had exceptions, though, including the state of Nevada, where I’ve lived since 1998. Nevada legalized sports betting in 1949 and had a monopoly on that industry in America for many decades.

I’ve seen the correlation between sports bettors and horseplayers. So, like the old marketing theory that a rising tide raises all boats, I believe horse racing can piggyback on the growing popularity of sports betting.

Horse-race betting can be hard to learn, but this book aims to simplify the complex. I break down each subject, piece by piece. Even if you’re not a complete novice, you’ll likely find subjects here that are either new or that will serve as a refresher course.

Foolish Assumptions

Before writing word one in this book, I made a few ironclad assumptions about you:

First, you have zero base knowledge of horse racing and betting, which is why I started from square one. Now, if your starting point isn’t zero, that’s okay; you can skip some parts. Even if you’re a seasoned handicapper and horseplayer, this book is full of useful ideas.

My second assumption is that you have a $100 betting bankroll for the day. I’ve always discouraged the use of ATM at racetracks or casinos. Chasing losses is something that I’ve learned isn’t good. Also, if you become a regular horseplayer, you should keep the money you bet with separate from your household account. As I was told when I started in horse racing, You can eat your betting money, but never bet your eating money.

My third assumption is that you have at least a slight interest in finding out how and why certain things work in horse racing. Commenting on blinker changes on a horse and their effect on your handicapping is one thing, but I’ll assume you want to know how and why blinkers work on a horse. (If you don’t know what blinkers are, I get into that topic in Chapter 10.)

Icons Used in This Book

If you’ve ever read a For Dummies book, you know all about icons. They point out bits of information that you should pay particular attention to or that you can skip altogether in the case of the Technical Stuff icon. Following is a brief description of each icon that appears in this book:

Tip This icon marks useful information that can save you time, money or both.

Remember This icon marks important information you want to remember.

Warning This icon marks dangerous scenarios and pitfalls to avoid in the world of horse betting.

Technical Stuff If you don’t care much about the technical stuff, you can skip these paragraphs without missing much. If technical stuff is your thing, you may find these sections fascinating.

Beyond the Book

You can find an online Cheat Sheet for this book at www.dummies.com. The Cheat Sheet covers

Betting tools and advice for placing wagers

The different types of competition

Betting against other bettors

Placing bets

Helpful horse race betting facts

Go to www.dummies.com and type this book’s title into the search field to find the Cheat Sheet.

Where to Go from Here

If you’re a novice, I suggest you read this book from start to finish. I know I’ve said that it’s okay to skip chapters, but the sequence of chapters is important for the building blocks of learning.

For recreational handicappers, this book can be an excellent reference tool. Even the most experienced horseplayers need to keep an open mind and seek newer (and possibly better) ways of doing things. In fact, Betting on Horse Racing For Dummies can be a refresher course. As we get older and maybe even jaded, we sometimes take shortcuts and/or get into bad habits. Just rereading the basics can bring us back in line.

By the way, don’t be afraid to take this book to the racetrack with you (or pull up the online Cheat Sheet on your phone). Having this book with you is like having me sit beside you in the grandstand or clubhouse. If I can’t answer your question, seek out a racetrack employee who can help you. The most important thing I can tell you is to have fun and enjoy yourself.

Part 1

And They’re Off! Horse Racing and the Betting Scene

IN THIS PART …

Have fun playing the ponies placing win bets

Get the lowdown on the different kinds of horseracing

Understand parimutuel wagering

Learn betting basics

Make your first trip to the track

Chapter 1

Playing the Ponies for Pleasure and Profit

IN THIS CHAPTER

Bullet Understanding the kinds of horse racing

Bullet Handicapping the races

Bullet Eliminating losers and shaping the race

Bullet Managing your money

Bullet Deciding where to bet

Horse racing is the most unique of spectator sports. In the ball sports, you spend hundreds, if not thousands, of dollars for good seats to a game. Then you sit and root for your team, which mostly consists of millionaire athletes, many of whom earn more money in one game than most Americans will make in a calendar year.

I’d rather take my $500 to $1,000 to the racetrack and really get my money’s worth. You can go practically anywhere you want at the track, with few exceptions. You decide on your own level of involvement. A $2 bettor is just as welcome as a $1,000 bettor.

In this chapter, I introduce many horseracing elements, such as the types of horse racing, the parimutuel betting system, how to bet, and how racetracks are laid out. A visit to a racetrack can be a full day of enjoyment, so let’s get started.

Differentiating the Types of Horse Racing

Horses have been part of our culture long before America was even a country. Where do you think the automotive term horsepower came from? That’s right: Everybody used to own and ride a horse. So, what better measure of the power of an automobile engine was there than horsepower? Also, before there were tractors, horses pulled the plows on farms.

In this book, I touch on four types of horse racing, each of which has broad appeal to all kinds of horse lovers:

Thoroughbred racing: By far, this form of racing is the most popular in the United States and throughout the world. When you think of horse racing in America, these Thoroughbred races likely come to mind: the Triple Crown and the Breeders’ Cup. Most of this book focuses on Thoroughbreds.

Steeplechase racing: For pure majesty, there’s nothing like watching a steeplechase race. The Thoroughbred horses who compete have been trained to jump fences and/or hurdles in long-distance races.

Standardbred or harness racing: In these styles of racing, a driver sits behind the horse in a cart called a sulky. The driver doesn’t perch atop the horse like a jockey in Thoroughbred racing. Chapter 19 is devoted to harness racing.

Quarter Horse racing: These horses are known for their breakneck speed out of the starting gate. The distances are typically100–870 yards. Chapter 20 introduces this type of racing.

Before You Bet: Handicapping the Races

Don’t let anyone tell you that betting on horse racing is sheer luck. Sure, betting on your favorite number, name, or color may randomly win you a race, but that result falls into the category of blind luck. When it comes to horseracing handicapping, using your brains will help you win a lot more consistently than randomly sticking a pin into the Daily Racing Form.

Handicapping is the art and science of picking winners. There are many ways to do it, but whereas some people flip coins, throw darts, or rub a rabbit’s foot, I prefer a more cerebral method.

Information is power in this sport. Unsurprisingly, the harder you work, the luckier you get. The most popular handicapping tool is the Daily Racing Form (DRF) — the industry’s daily newspaper, known mostly for listing the past performances of the horses racing that day. The DRF also provides independent editorial copy and lots of free handicapping. Most horseplayers buy the DRF the night before the races to do their handicapping, so when they get to the track, they’re prepared and ready to go.

Remember Handicapping is complex and something you can’t pick up fast. If you’re new to the game, head to Chapters 11 and 12 for some basics. After you get comfortable, you can try the more-advanced methods discussed in Chapter 16.

Eliminating losers and developing the race shape

Tip When I begin handicapping in the DRF, the first thing I don’t do is go through the races and try to pick winners. Instead, I go through the races and eliminate the losers. The losers are those horses I think are too slow, overmatched classwise, or out of physical form to win that day’s race. I’m probably right about those slowpokes about 95 percent of the time. Eliminating losers creates a smaller pool of horses I consider the primary contenders to win the race.

It’s essential to visualize what I call the race shape. I start by breaking down the pace of the race, which means identifying each horse’s running style. I divide running styles into three categories:

Speedballs:Speedballs go right to the lead at the start of a race. This is where the often-used term frontrunner comes from — to be in front early.

Pace horses:Pace horses have what I categorize as tactical speed. They’re not fast enough to fight for the early lead, but they don’t really want to either. Instead, the pace horse’s jockey settles into a stalking position a few lengths behind the early leaders, waiting to overtake the leader(s).

Dead-late closers:Dead-late closers have no early speed at all; they fall to the back half of the field and make their move at the end of the race.

With this knowledge, you can determine the race shape — your projection of how a race will run. Multiple speedballs usually mean the early pace will be fast and contested, which could create opportunities for the pace horses and dead-late closers. Betting on a lone speedball in a race is among the best bets in horse racing.

Another key factor to take into account is the class of each horse. Class is something a horse has in its head and heart; you’ll know it when you see it. A clearer class distinction can be identified by looking at how the horse has been racing lately. A cheaper claiming horse won’t have the same class as an allowance horse or a stakes horse. (I cover the class and classification of horse races in Chapter 2.)

Taking all factors into account

Winning a horse race is a team effort. Granted, the horse does nearly all the work, but when you handicap a horse, you need to consider the humans behind the animal: the owner, trainer, jockey, groom, exercise rider, and so on. (For more information on these people, see chapters 7 and 8.)

Publications like the DRF, racetrack programs, and websites such as DRF (https://www.drf.com) and Equibase (https://www.equibase.com) provide invaluable statistics for your handicapping, as well as interesting statistical breakdowns on the jockeys and trainers. Equipment changes are noted, such as blinkers on/off, with/without Lasix, and front bandages on/off. When a trainer makes a change, they’re trying to improve a horse’s performance; thus, you can view a change as a positive move. (Chapter 10 covers all kinds of equipment changes.)

In addition, you’ll see the distances and track conditions (dirt, grass, or synthetic) in a horse’s past races. For example, some horses run well only on dirt, while others run well only on grass. Some horses run well on all three surfaces. (See Chapter 9 for more on track surfaces and conditions.)

Betting with success

Horse-race betting is a lot different from sports betting. The most common sports bet is on the outcome of a single game, and the most common odds on a single game are 11/10, which means you bet $11 to profit $10. If your sports bet wins, you collect $21.

In horse racing, that sports bet is comparable to a win bet on a horse. In horse racing, your odds can be a lot higher than 11/10. Suppose you bet $10 to win on a horse with 4/1 win odds. If your horse wins, you will collect $50. Horse racing offers more opportunities to bet a little to win a lot than sports betting.

One term you’ll repeatedly hear in horse racing — overlays — refers to one of the simplest and most profitable ways to win in the long run. An overlay is a horse whose win odds are higher than its real odds of winning the race. Over the long run, betting on overlays versus the race favorite will give you a better chance of showing a profit.

Tip The morning line is an odds prediction of how the public will bet the race. For example, if the track’s morning line on a horse is 4/1 odds and the real-time betting odds are 8/1, placing a win bet on that horse may be worthwhile. If your local track has a competent morning-line maker, use it as a gauge. I trust the ones at the major U.S. racetracks.

Starting simply

The bet menu at a racetrack can be head-spinning, so I suggest newcomers make straight bets at first. A simple win bet or a win-and-place bet is a good way to start.

Tip I used to subscribe to an across-the-board bet, which means betting a horse to win (finish first), place (finish second), and show (finish third). If your horse wins the race, you will collect on all three bets. But professional horseplayer Tommy Massis showed me that a show bet is an inefficient wager. In fact, Massis doesn’t even bet on a horse to place; he only bets to win. However, I grudgingly hold onto place betting as a useful tool in a horseplayer’s betting toolbox.

After straight bets to win, place, and show, the next level of wagers involves a two-horse bet, called an Exacta, and a two-race bet, called a Daily Double. In an Exacta, the horses you bet on must finish first and second in that exact order. In the Daily Double, you must bet on the winning horse in two consecutive races.

Tip In Chapter 4, I explain straight bets in detail and provide step-by-step instructions for calling out a wager. I get into exotic wagers in Chapter 15.

Going for the score

Exotic wagers — multiple-horse and multiple-race bets — give you a chance to win a sizeable amount of money with a small investment.

Going for a score doesn’t necessarily mean betting a lot of money; it means betting your money wisely. Whether you’re making a vertical wager (multiple-horse bets such as an Exacta, Trifecta, or Superfecta) or a horizontal wager (multiple-race bets such as a Daily Double, Pick-3, Pick-4, Pick-5, or Pick-6), the key is beating favorites. Also, you don’t need to beat favorites with huge long shots. Instead, I like midprice horses because they pay $10–20 and are easier to find than, say, $40 winners.

Remember The $100 bankroll I use as an example throughout this book doesn’t give you much leeway to shoot for the moon (win a large amount of money, with at least one comma in the number), so you need to temper your betting expectations.

I cover exotic waters in great detail in Chapter 15.

Tip Many horseplayers don’t pay attention to the takeout, but it matters, especially in exotic wagers. One of the best bets to make in horse racing is a Pick-4 or a Pick-5 with a takeout of 12–15 percent. Some tracks (but not many) offer a parimutuel discount. (See Chapter 3 for a takeout chart for most racetracks and some types of wagers.)

Managing Your Money

I’ve read handicapping books, and some of their advice on money management makes sense. They advise horseplayers to maintain show discipline, betting only when you really like something and betting the most money on your strongest plays. However, from my decades of horse racing experience, I know it takes rare discipline for newcomers and recreational bettors to make only three or four bets a day. That’s just not much fun, even if you win money.

Newcomers want to have fun and get in on the action. They don’t want to sit on their hands. I agree that your biggest bets of the day should be on the horses and or races you like most, but that doesn’t mean you can’t make a few smaller bets to enjoy some of the action.

Tip I suggest you figure out how many prime plays you’ll have during the course of the day. Budget your money so that you make a good wager on each one — maybe totaling 75 percent of your bankroll. Then, you can play around a bit with the rest. If you’re lucky enough to win something good, you’ll increase your bankroll for the day.

Warning Increase your wagers only when you’re winning. It’s human nature to chase your losses by increasing your bets (and maybe going to the ATM for more cash) when you’re losing. Once in a while, you’ll succeed, but the scared money never wins saying exists for a reason.

Deciding Where to Bet

For a long time, racetracks were the only places to bet on horse racing. Everything changed when simulcasting came into being. Now, with the advent of advance-deposit wagering (ADW) apps, you can use your mobile phone, laptop, or tablet to bet from anywhere, including your home.

The racetrack

The racetrack remains the traditional place to play the ponies. For an overall fun experience, nothing beats being at the racetrack. In Chapter 5, I guide you through the most interesting aspects of a racetrack. I review costs, where to sit, where to eat, where to see the horses and the jockeys close up, and so on. I’d be honored if you take this book along with you on your first visit to a track.

Off-track betting and Las Vegas

Off-track betting (OTB) parlors are a lot different from what they were when the first edition of this book came out. Now, you can find many of them in sports bars and restaurants, rather than just standalone offices. The more comforts they offer, the better, in my opinion.

Las Vegas has had separate race and sportsbooks at its casinos since 1975. In fact, the race and sportsbooks in the other 49 states are modeled on what their executives saw in Las Vegas. The drinks are still free in most rooms, and the DRF is free for regular players.

Home sweet home

A big advantage of playing from home is that your food and drinks are only a few yards away in your kitchen. I have a home office with two television screens and a computer with racing on all the time. There are many hours of live horse racing on television because the FanDuel TV and FS2 networks show races at tracks big and small. NBC gets into the act for the Triple Crown and the two-day Breeders’ Cup event.

It has never been simpler to bet on horse racing from home, whether you’re betting via your computer or phone using an ADW. With your phone, you can place bets and watch live raves wherever you go.

JUST FOR FUN: A TRIVIA CHALLENGE BASED ON MY TOP-TEN LISTS

For fun, I’ve assembled some questions based on the top-ten lists in chapters 24–26. Before flipping to those chapters, take this trivia quiz to see how many you can get right. Good luck!

The Aqueduct racetrack was built in 1894. Now, it’s one of the three racetracks operated by the New York Racing Association. How did the racetrack get its name?

When Churchill Downs opened in Louisville, Kentucky, on May 17, 1875, it carded many stakes races in that first program. Three of those stakes races are still run to this day. Can you name them?

At the start and end of every racing day at Del Mar, you hear the song Where the Surf Meets the Turf. Can you name the singer who croons that famous ballad?

Keeneland was the last major racetrack in America to install a public address system and hire a track announcer. Can you name the year when Keeneland finally hired an announcer to call its races?

Two of the most famous Triple Crown winners are Secretariat (1973) and Affirmed (1978). This track announcer coined an iconic phrase during the stretch run of each of their Belmont Stakes wins: He is moving like a tremendous machine, and We’ll test these two to the wire. Who was the track announcer who called the classic Belmont Stakes wins by Secretariat and Affirmed?

The great Trevor Denman once called the races year-round at Del Mar, Los Alamitos, and Santa Anita Park. Because of his distinctive accent, descriptive style, and bevy of catchphrases, he’s probably the most-imitated track announcer in the world. Can you name Trevor’s home country?

Phil Georgeff, a beloved figure in Chicagoland sports, called the races at all the harness and Thoroughbred tracks in the Chicago area for decades. His signature phrase was, Here they come, spinning out of the turn. Where does that phrase come from?

Dave Johnson is one of the most popular race callers to look through a pair of binoculars. Even people who aren’t fans of horse racing fans know or have heard his signature phrase, And down the stretch they come! One late-night talk-show host was so enamored by Johnson and his signature phrase that he used Johnson’s call on the eve of the Kentucky Derby for many years. Who was this host?

The movie Dreamer was based on a real racehorse. Dreamer wasn’t the real horse’s name. Can you name that horse?

The movie Let It Ride, based on a novel by Jay Cronley, includes every known horseplayer stereotype. Richard Dreyfuss played the lead character. What was that character’s name?

National Velvet was a wildly popular children’s movie based on a book written by Enid Bagnold. The lead character, Velvet Brown, was played by Elizabeth Taylor. How old was Taylor when she made the movie?

The Pope of Greenwich Village isn’t a horseracing movie, but racing is an important subplot. The Paulie character, played by Eric Roberts, borrows money from a shylock (moneylender or loan shark) to buy a racehorse. What was the name of the racehorse?

Chapter 2

All Horse Races Are Not Created Equal

IN THIS CHAPTER

Bullet Measuring the differences between long and short races

Bullet Leveling the playing field in horse racing

Bullet Looking at the best of the best: The Triple Crown and the Breeders’ Cup

In the professional sports leagues — NFL, MLB, NBA, and NHL — the integrity of the games and competitive balance among the teams form the foundation of their success. Parity is important. When the fans of a team go to a game, they should believe their team has a chance to win. And in the long run, fans should believe their team has a chance to make the playoffs and possibly win a championship every season.

Some professional leagues have a hard or soft salary cap, so no team can outspend other teams to buy all the best players. If too many games have mismatched teams, fan interest — in-person attendance and watching the games on television — will wane. High ratings are why networks pay leagues billions of dollars for television rights.

In this chapter, I explain how horse racing achieves a similar parity. The best horse races to watch and bet on consist of a large field of evenly matched runners. This is every race secretary’s goal — at every track, every day, and every race. The racing secretary schedules the races and tries to put together big fields of evenly matched horses for the fans to watch and bet on.

Race Setups: The Long and Short of It

Theoretically, every Thoroughbred horse stabled at the track is eligible to run in at least one race that it has a chance to win. All factors are taken into account: the horse’s sex, age, preferred racing surface (dirt, turf, or Tapeta synthetic surfaces), and class. The foundation of the horse racing product is making attractive races for fans to watch and bet on. Total mismatches, where an overwhelming favorite wins most of the time, are a bad product for the fans.

Thoroughbred horse races cover a wide range of distances. I've seen 2-furlong races for 2-year-old horses and races of more than 2 miles, which are called marathon distances. (A furlong is one-eighth of a mile.)

How far horses can run is vague. When you handicap, you’re trying to figure out how fast and how far a horse can run competitively. The Kentucky Derby, for example, is 1¼ miles, a distance that most horses seldom, if ever, run. Four-time Kentucky Derby–winning trainer D. Wayne Lukas has a pet answer when he’s asked whether his horse can last the Kentucky Derby distance: They can all go a mile and a quarter. It just takes some of them a lot longer.

AMERICAN VERSUS INTERNATIONAL RACES

Most racing outside of the United States is run on grass courses. The grass courses in Europe, Asia, and South America are well kept and sometimes not oval-shaped like U.S. tracks. Some international courses were built to accentuate the contours of the countryside where they were built.

Sometimes, international racing meets are shorter because grass courses cannot take the same amount of racing as dirt courses. In turf racing, a horse’s hooves dig into the grass and can tear up large chunks, creating divots. Just think of a golf course when players hit a wedge from the fairway. Invariably, a big divot is cut deeply into the grass. Similarly, the constant pounding of hooves into a turf course will chop it up over time. In Chapter 9, I cover what can be done to protect a grass course.

The American version of horse racing is much different and more commercialized than in the rest of the world. American racing is done mainly on dirt ovals. The normal racing week is four days (although there are exceptions) and goes for many months at a time.

Remember When you handicap, you want to determine whether a horse can compete and win at a certain distance. Experienced handicappers examine a horse’s pedigree, looking at its sire (father) and dam (mother) for clues. Some horses run best in shorter sprint races; others prefer to run a lot farther, including two-turn route races. A good racing secretary will card, or write, races at all distances, providing owners and trainers with options for the best chance to win.

Short races

The classification of distances is muddled by the fact that racetracks come in different sizes. Most American tracks are one-mile ovals with a ⅞-mile turf course inside, though some are larger or smaller. This section shows you some racetrack configurations to explain the differences between sprint and route races.

Figure 2-1 shows a common six-furlong sprint race at Keeneland.

An illustration of a common six-furlong sprint race at Keeneland.

FIGURE 2-1: The most common distance in horse racing is 6 furlongs.

Most racetracks can accommodate this distance except for the smaller ovals called bullring tracks. For example, six-furlong races at Charles Town in West Virginia go around two turns.

Many tracks build a chute at the beginning of the backstretch to host one-turn races longer than six furlongs. A chute at the beginning of the backstretch allows tracks to card one-turn races of seven furlongs or a mile. When a track builds a chute, it can card various sprint races longer than six furlongs. Also, this means races don’t have to start on a turn, which is the bane of all racetracks.

Long races

When a racetrack is configured to allow for a one-turn, mile-long race, like Belmont Park (see Figure 2-2) and Churchill Downs, I still define that distance as a sprint or an elongated sprint. Those races are fun to handicap.

You’ll see sprinters that excel at six furlongs try to stretch out their speed, and you’ll see two-turn route runners cutting back in distance to a 1-turn mile.

An illustration of defining a one-turn mile distance as an elongated sprint.

FIGURE 2-2: I define a one-turn mile distance as an elongated sprint.

However, many racetracks (for example, Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California) can’t accommodate a one-turn, mile-long race. Figure 2-3 shows a configuration in which the start of a two-turn mile occurs at the finish line of the main dirt track.

An illustration of considering a two-turn race to be a route race.

FIGURE 2-3: I consider a two-turn race to be a route race.

I've found that a two-turn mile at Santa Anita favors the horses with the inside post positions. Simple geometry gives the inside horses a shorter run to the first turn, allowing them to save ground and expend less energy. The horses with the outside post positions have much more ground to cover. Obviously, they can still win, but this is something I factor into my handicapping equation.

Every horse race requires the jockeys to make strategic and tactical decisions. Imagine that a horse is a car with a limited amount of fuel. If the jockey drives too fast too early, the horse may run out of gas late. If the horse is a come-from-behind horse, the jockey may try to save fuel (energy) for the stretch run. I cover jockeys in Chapter 7 and horses' running styles in Chapter 12.

Different Levels of Competition at the Racetrack

The racing secretary keeps track of the types of horses stabled at the racetrack. At nearly every racetrack, the class of competing horses there is pyramid-shaped, and each level of the pyramid represents a class level.

At the pyramid's base are the maiden horses — those that have yet to win the first race of their careers. At the top of the pyramid are stakes horses, the cream of the crop; they run for the most prize money, called a purse.

In theory, the racing secretary writes a condition book (a list of races for the next few weeks) that should give every horse stabled there a chance to compete and win. Another part of the secretary’s job is to write races that attract full fields of evenly matched horses.

Horse racing would be boring if the fields were small and the favorites won most of the time. A steady diet of short-priced winners won’t cut it with the betting public. (I cover odds and payoffs in Chapter 4.)

In this section, I describe the classification of races so you can understand how a racing office puts together the horse-racing product that you handicap, bet on, and enjoy.

Maiden races: Where it all begins

Each year in the United States, approximately 20,000 Thoroughbred racehorses are foaled (born). A racetrack axiom states, You breed the best to the best and hope for the best.

In a perfect world, every foal, just like every human baby,