Human Liver: Pathophysiology

By Yusuf Jamal and Rafia Jamal

About the book:
The liver is the largest organ in the body and acts as a well-equipped biochemical laboratory where practically metabolism of all the nutritional substances, viz., carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins and minerals takes place as well as heat is produced. The liver is both a secretory and an excretory gland. The liver is an accessory digestive organ also that produces bile. The liver's highly specialized tissue, consisting of mostly hepatocytes, regulates a wide variety of high-volume biochemical reactions, including the synthesis and breakdown of small and complex molecules, many of which are necessary for normal vital functions. The organ's total number of functions are estimated to being around 500. It has some diseases of its own and is also affected by diseases of other organs.
About the author:
Prof. Yusuf Jamal, the author is presently the professor and head of department, Physiology in Unani section of Ayurvedic and Unani Tibbia College, New Delhi, India. He has hundreds of students spread all over India and abroad. He is writer of several books on physiology in English and Urdu. His research work especially on relations to Physiology and concept of Mizaj (temperament) has been published in several international journals. Rafia Jamal, co author, is specializing in Physiology of animals.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Pencil
• Release date: Jun 17, 2022
• ISBN: 9789356107205

Book preview

Human Liver

Pathophysiology

BY

Yusuf Jamal, Rafia Jamal

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ISBN 123456789012345

© Yusuf Jamal, Rafia Jamal 2022

Published in India 2022 by Pencil

Contributors:

Co-Author: Rafia Jamal

Co-Author: Rafia Jamal

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Author biography

Authors

Prof. Yusuf Jamal

Head of Department, Post Graduate Department of Physiology-Unani

Ayurvedic & Unani Tibbia College, New Delhi, India.

Email- [e-mail]

Rafia Jamal, MSc (Zoology)

Research Scholar

Contents

Dedication

Disclaimer

Preface

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

Chapter 7

Acknowledgements and further reading

Human Liver Structure and functions

Dedication

To all the health workers world over who have lost their lives fighting the Covid-19 Pandemic

Disclaimer

This is a compendium of knowledge converted into a book form for the benefit of students and general public. The material is taken from various sources and compiled in a consolidated form. No original content is claimed.

Preface

Life is a very complex process. It began about a billion years ago. The beginning of human life is believed to be about a million years ago. The human body is an unparalleled machine that is both weak and extremely powerful, but with its own mental faculties it has spread to every corner of the earth. From the dense forests of Africa to the snows of Siberia no area is devoid of human. The ability of human to distinguish from animals is the ability to adapt to every environment. Due to this ability, for thousands of years, the human body has been facing various germs, epidemics, changing weather and psychological disorders, and at every stage, it is running on its own. That is because the human body has the ability to control and change its internal environment.

Milieu Interior is a very complex system. Of the trillions of cells that make up our body, not a single cell can survive alone because every cell and every molecule that makes it depends on others for its functions and that is why the human body has developed the ability to adapt to the environment.  Bernard proposed the Milieu Interior theory, which was later developed by Walter Cannon who coined the term Homeostasis, which is very close to the Unani system of medicine theory of the Tabiat. This is the state in which the body maintains its internal environment at a certain level and if there is any change in it then this makes it normal again. The condition of the body to be in the state of Homeostasis depends on the following factors-

۔ Adequate and necessary amounts of gases, nutrients and ions are present.

۔ The temperature should be appropriate.

۔ The internal and external pressure of the cells should be adequate.

-The chemical reactions should be happening at optimum.

Maintenance of Homeostasis is health and its disturbance is disease. Homeostasis is always random, but the systems in the body keep it in balance all the time. The process of describing and studying these systems as a whole is called Physiology.

Physiology is called a Tripod Science in which physics, chemistry and anatomy are its three