Hrd Practices in Apsrtc: A Case Study with Special Reference to Vizianagaram Zone

By Dr. Santosha Pavani Tammineni

A complete study on implementation of HRD practices in APSRTC at zonal level is rare in number. In contrast to the earlier practices, an attempt has been made by the researcher to trace out the impact of HRD practices on employees at zonal level and to investigate whether it is implemented in letter and spirit or not by reviewing operational performance of APSRTC and its financial function. This work is not only an in-depth study of HRD practices in APSRTC; the study also presents an overview of the road transport sector in India. With the advent of globalization, transport sectors are confronted with challenges in improving productivity by successfully meeting the intense level of competition from its counterparts.

Business today is in a period of change and uncertainty. The success will largely depend on how these challenges are matched with the utilization of human resources that is at our disposal. It has been very unfortunate that the APSRTC has limited its human resource developmental practices for some cadres at apex level only without taking organizational climate of various zones into account while training their managerial personnel. But the need of the hour is to put more emphasis on all the HRD practices at managerial level in the background of their level of climate. The researcher looks at the problems of implementing HRD practices in the context of changing technological advancement and government policies.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Partridge Publishing India
• Release date: Jun 28, 2016
• ISBN: 9781482883626

Dr. Santosha Pavani Tammineni

Dr. Santosha Pavani Tammineni acquired her PhD degree in human resource management area from the Department of Commerce and Management Studies, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam. She has qualified UGC-NET and APSET. Currently, she is working as an assistant professor on contract in the Department of Commerce and Management Studies of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar University and is teaching the subjects of both MBA and MCom. The author has participated in many workshops, conferences, and seminars at national and international levels. She also published articles in both national and international journals. Her objective is to build a successful career in the field of teaching and research, where she can apply her creative and technical skills to tune the students and reach their minds through practical approaches rather than theoretical ones.

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Copyright © 2016 by Dr. Santosha Pavani Tammineni.

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Contents

Preface

Abbreviations

Chapter - I    Introduction To Human Resource Development: Conceptual Exposition

Chapter - II    Review Of Literature

Chapter - III    Glimpses Of Road Transport Sector In India

Chapter - IV    AP State Road Transport Corporation – An Overview

Chapter – V    Analysis Of The Data

Chapter - VI    Summary And Suggestions

Bibliography

Annexure

Contents

Chapter - I    Introduction To Human Resource Development: Conceptual Exposition

Introduction

Definitions of HRD

History of HRD

Evaluation of HRD

Pre-requisites of Effective HRD

HR and HRD

Theoretical Foundations of HRD

HRD Process

HRD Practices/ Sub-Systems/ Mechanisms:-

Future HRD Perspectives

Conclusion

Chapter - II    Review Of Literature

Introduction

Retrospective Reviews on Human Resource Development

Retrospective Literature Review on SRTUs and APSRTC

Research Gap

Need for the Study

Objectives

Hypothesis of the Present Study

Research Methodology

Scope of the Study

Limitations of the Study

Design of the Study

Conclusion

Chapter - III    Glimpses Of Road Transport Sector In India

Transport in General

Road Transport in India

Classification of Transport Services

Performance of STUs

✓   Physical Performance of STUs

✓   Financial Performance

Conclusion

Chapter - IV    AP State Road Transport Corporation – An Overview

*   Section A – Profile And Performance of APSRTC

Backdrop of Andhra Pradesh

Brief History of APSRTC

APSRTC - Profile

Functional Setup

APSRTC: Physical Performance

APSRTC: Financial Performance

Safety & Maintenance Standards of APSRTC

Services

Significance of ‘z’ on APSRTC Bus Number Plate

Corporation’s Social Responsibility – A focus

I.T Initiatives of APSRTC

Impact of Globalization on the performance of APSRTC

Focus on Private Travels Illegal Operations

Impact of Samaikya Andhra Agitation on The Performance of APSRTC

*   Section B - HRD Practices in APSRTC: A Study of its Implementation

HRD Practices in APSRTC

Swot Analysis of HRD Practices in APSRTC

Conclusion

Chapter – V    Analysis Of The Data

Introduction

Hypothesis Of The Present Study

Sample Size And Method

*   Section – A: Analysis of Responded Employees Demographical variables

*   Section B: HRD Practices

Dimension 1: Training and Development

Dimension II: Organizational structure and climate

Dimension III: HRD Knowledge and Skills

Dimension IV: HRD climate

Dimension V: Performance Appraisal

Dimension VI: Counseling

Dimension VII: Career Planning and Development

*   Section C: Overall level of satisfaction in the organization through HRD practices

Conclusion

Chapter - VI    Summary And Suggestions

Findings of the Study

Suggestions

Conclusion of the Study

Scope of Future Research

HRD PRACTICES IN APSRTC

A case study with special reference to Vizianagaram Zone

Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement

for the award of the degree of

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY

In the faculty of Commerce and Management Studies

By

SANTOSHA PAVANI TAMMINENI

B.Tech., M.B.A.

Under the Esteemed Guidance of

Prof. M. SANDHYA SRIDEVI

M.B.A., Ph.D.

Department of Commerce and Management Studies

Andhra University

Visakhapatnam

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES

ANDHRA UNIVERSITY

VISAKHAPATNAM-530 003

ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA

APRIL - 2014

In Loving

Memory of

My Late Beloved Grand Parents

Smt & Sri TAMMINENI SATYAMMA &

PAPA RAO

Declaration

I hereby declare that the thesis entitled HRD PRACTICES IN APSRTC - A Case Study with Special Reference to Vizianagaram Zone submitted to the Department of Commerce and Management Studies, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, for the award of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY is based on original research work carried out independently by me under the supervision and guidance of Prof. M. SANDHYA SRIDEVI, Professor, Department of Commerce and Management Studies, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam. This work has not been submitted previously in full or a part thereof for the award of other similar Degree, Diploma, Fellowship, Associate ship or any other similar titles in this university or any other university or institution.

Certificate

I certify that the thesis entitled HRD PRACTICES IN APSRTC - A Case Study with Special Reference to Vizianagaram Zone submitted to the Department of Commerce and Management Studies, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, for the award of the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY is an authentic work done by Miss. SANTOSHA PAVANI TAMMINENI under my supervision and guidance. The subject on which the thesis has been prepared is based on her original research work and it has not been submitted earlier in full or a part thereof for the award of any Degree, Diploma or Associate ship or any other similar titles in this or in any other university or institution.

Acknowledgements

First and foremost, I bow my head in reverence to the almighty for providing me the positive strength and energy to work on this topic and for enabling me to reach far beyond my own restricted ambit of thought and action.

I feel honoured to express my profound regard and deep sense of gratitude to my worthiest and most esteemed research director, Prof. M. Sandhya Sridevi, Department of Commerce and Management Studies, Andhra University, for her valuable sagacious and constructive guidance in the completion of this thesis. She provided intellectual and affectionate support to me throughout this research work, without her constant inspiration, I would not have been able to successfully handle this task. Many thanks for her understanding and generous attitude for keeping her doors open to help all the time.

I am happy to express my special gratitude to my doctoral committee member, Prof. M. Sarada Devi, Department of Commerce and Management Studies, Andhra University, for her cooperation and accessibility during the course of my work.

I am deeply indebted to Prof. N. Sambasiva Rao, Department of Commerce and Management Studies, Andhra University, for his scholarly guidance, inspiring advice and constant help in completing my research work.

My deepest sense of gratitude to Prof. D. Prabhakar Rao, Principal, College of Arts and Commerce, Andhra University, Prof. R. Satya Raju, Chairman, P.G. Board of Studies, Department of Commerce and Management Studies, Andhra University and Prof. M. Madhusudana Rao, Head of the Department, Commerce and Management Studies, Andhra University, for providing me all the required facilities to complete the research work.

I’m very much thankful to Sri. T. J. V. Govinda Rao, Retd. Dy. CAO, APSRTC; Sri. Kaniti Venkata Rao, Works Manager, Zonal Work Shop, Vizianagaram zone; Sri. K.V.V. Prasad, Personnel Officer, Visakhapatnam; Sri. Venkateshwar Rao, Dy. CAO, Head Office, Hyderabad, who rendered extensive support in collecting the data from the employees of APSRTC and provided necessary information as and when I required.

I cannot resist the joy of bowing my head before my mother, T. Madhavi and father, Dr. T. Rama Mohana Rao, the fountain heads of my inspiration for having attempted to undertake this arduous yet creative task, without their trust, encouragement, emotional and financial support, I could not have been able to complete my thesis work.

I express thanks from the depth of my heart to my uncle Prof. K. Ramji, aunty Dr. K. Saradha Jyothi, nephew Chy. K. Sai Venkat Pavan, and niece Chy. K. Sai Vaishnavi for their unconditioned support, love and effection throughout the period of my research. Further, I convey my thanks to my elder uncle Sri. K. Appala Naidu and younger uncle Sri. K. Jagan Mohan Rao and their family members who helped me a lot by all means in the completion of my thesis. My thanks are also due to my granny, Smt. K. Kamalamamma for her blessings.

I feel grateful to Sri. L. Rama Rao, Advocate, Hyderabad, Sri. Pedada Rambabu, Principal, Government Junior College, Hiramandalam and Sri.Tirlangi Janaki Ramayya, Advocate for helping me in the process of survey. I also thank Sri. Hanumanthu Nagabhushan, CPO Office, Srikakulam, for providing statistical information.

I express my sincere appreciation and special thanks to my co-scholars, Malla Pardhasaradhi, Jada Jayendra, Manju Latha and Divya for their encouragement and co-operation at various stages of my research work.

I also place on record, my sense of gratitude to one and all who, directly or indirectly, have lent their helping hand in this venture, which I cannot list them all in this limited space and must ask the forgiveness of those I forgot.

(SANTOSHA PAVANI TAMMINENI)

Preface

A complete study on implementation of HRD Practices in APSRTC at Zonal level is rare in number. In contrast to the earlier practices an attempt has been made by the researcher to trace out the impact of HRD practices on employees at zonal level and to investigate whether is implemented in letter and spirit or not, by reviewing operational performance of APSRTC and its financial function. This work is not only an in depth study of HRD practices in APSRTC; the study also presents an overview of Road transport sector in India. With the advent of globalization, transport sectors are confronted with challenges in improving productivity by successfully meeting the intense level of competition from its counterparts. Business today is in a period of change and uncertainty. The success will largely depend on how these challenges are matched with the utilization of human resources which is at our disposal. It has been very unfortunate that the APSRTC has limited its human resource developmental practices for some cadres at apex level only without taking organizational climate of various zones into account while training their managerial personnel. But the need of the hour is to put more emphasis on all the HRD practices at managerial level in the back ground of their level of climate. The researcher looks at the problems of implementing HRD practices in the context of changing technological advancement and government policies. It is an empirical study and is based on both primary and secondary source of information.

The present study is divided into six chapters and the contents of each chapter are as follows:

Chapter - 1 gives a brief introduction of HRD concepts, its evolution, significance, principles, theories, and future perspectives of HRD in modern India.

The preview of research methodology adopted, sample frame, hypothesis, and objectives along with the discussion of other studies done in this field of HRD are discussed in chapter - 2.

The origin, evolution of STUs in Road Transport sector in India and performance of STUs till the fiscal year 2012-13 was dealt in chapter - 3.

Under chapter - 4, Section A covers, APSRTC profile, its origin, physical and fiscal performance of APSRTC during 2002-03 to 2012-13 are assessed and impact of illicit operations and problems of bifurcation to the corporation are presented. Whereas Section B discusses the HRD practices in APSRTC and SWOT analysis was framed to know the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats of HRD practices in the corporation.

A critical assessment of manager’s perspective towards HRD Practices in APSRTC on seven different dimensions was interpreted in chapter - 5.

In conclusion, chapter - 6 gives the summary of the present study along with important findings and observations of the researcher.

This work as a whole would give an overall understanding of the problems faced by APSRTC with reference to the implication of HRD practices at its root levels, financial uncertainties and government policies and few recommendations were offered to be taken by APSRTC in future.

List of Tables

Table 3.1: Shows the Percentage share of Transport Sub – sectors in the GDP

Table 3.2: Shows Freight Movement by Road Transport & Railways: 1999-2000 to 2011-1

Table 3.3: Represents Passenger Movement by Road Transport & Railways: 1999-2000 to 2011-1

Table. 3.4: Shows Roads in Indi

Table. 3.5: Shows National Highways in terms of widt

Table 3.6: Shows various types transport services in Indi

Table 3.7: Shows No. of SRTUs in India during 2002-03 to 2012-13

Table 3.8: Shows Fleet utilization of STUs during 2002-03 to 2012-1

Table 3.9: Shows total accidents occurred during 2002-03 to 2012-1

Table 3.10: Shows No. of buses owned by the Public and Private Sector in India from 1961-201

Table 3.11: Shows Fleet Utilization and Vehicle productivity of SRTUs during 2002-03 to 2012 -13

Table 3.12: Shows Man Power Productivity in STU

Table 3.13: Shows Capacity Utilization of Buses during 2002 – 03 to 2012 - 1

Table 3.14: Shows Comparative Financial Performance of highest Net Profit/ Loss making SRTUs during 2011-12 and 2012-1

Table 3.15: Shows the Total Expenditure of STUs during 2002-03 to 2012-13 (in lakhs

Table 3.16: Shows the Cost Structure and its Components of all SRTUs during 2011-12 and 2012-1

Table 3.17: Shows Income Vs Expenditure (In Crores

Table 3.18: Shows Financial Performance of 38 reporting SRTUs during 2010-11 and 2011-1

Table 4.1: Shows APSRTC Passenger Amenitie

Table 4.2: Shows Operational Performance of

APSRTC during 2003- 04 to 2012 - 1

Table: 4.3: Shows Quality Performance of

APSRTC 2003-04 to 2012-1

Table: 4.4: shows Cost Performance of APSRTC 2003-04 to 2012-1

Table 4.5: Shows Productivity Performance of

APSRTC 2003-04 to 2012-1

Table 4.6: Shows Vehicle Utilization Parameter in APSRTC during 2002-03 to 2012-1

Table 4.7: Shows growth of APSRTC since Inceptio

Table 4.8: Shows Total number of vehicles during 2004-05 to 2012-13 (In Crores

Table 4.9: Shows Zone-wise losses of APSRT

Table 4.10: Shows Financial Performance of APSRTC during 2010-11 and 2012-13

Table 4.11: Shows Traffic Revenue and Non Traffic Revenue of APSRTC during the years 2003-04 to 2012-13 (In Crores

Table 4.12: Shows T(In Crores

Table 4.13: Shows Total Assets and Liabilities of APSRTC during 2003 – 04 to 2011 – 1

Tables 4.14: Shows Total Revenue and Expenditure of APSRTC during 2003-04 to 2012-1

Table 4.15: Shows Total EPK Vs CPK = PP

Table 4.16: Shows Buses added during the past 10 year

Table 4.17: Shows APSRTC inter-state buses - Vizianagaram zon

Table 4.18: Shows Type of pass and Extent of concession allowe

Table 4.19: Shows the details of Hike in Bus Passe

Table 4.20: Shows average Day-wise income of APSRTC from past 11 month

Table 4.21: Shows the Total manpower position of APSRTC during 2002-03 to 2012-1

Table 4.22: Statement showing training programmes and

details of employees trained during the period – 2005-06 to 2010-11

Table 5.1: Shows Sample Size of the Thesi

Table 5.2: Shows the distribution of Educational Qualification among the respondent

Table 5.3: Shows the Age distribution of the respondent

Figure 5.2: Exhibits Age distribution of the respondent

Table 5.4: Shows the Gender distribution among the respondent

Table 5.5: Shows the Designation distribution

among the respondent

Table 5.7: Shows the Monthly Income distribution

among the respondent

Table 5.8: Shows the length of the service of the respondent

Table 5.9: Shows the Matrital Status of the respondent

Table 5.10: Shows distribution of nature of work

among the respondent

Table 5.11: Shows the percentage analysis of employees perception on Training and Developmen

Figure 5.10: Exhibits the Overall employees opinion on Training and Developmen

Table 5.12: Shows the mean score of the statements on Training and Developmen

Table 5.13: Shows the regression analysis between demographic factors and Training and Developmen

Table 5.14: Shows ANOVA analysis of Gender factor with Training and Developmen

Figure 5.11: Exhibits individual value plot showing opinion of the respondents on Training and Development by Gende

Table 5.15: Shows the percentage analysis of employees perception on Organizational Structure and Climat

Table 5.16: Shows the mean score of the statements on Organizational structure and climat

Table 5.17: Shows the regression analysis between demographic

factors and Organizational Structure & Cultur

Table 5.18: Shows ANOVA analysis of Department factor

with Organization Structure and Climat

Table 5.19: Shows ANOVA analysis of Marital Status factor

with Organization Structure and Climat

Table 5.20: Shows the percentage analysis of employees perception on HRD Knowledge and Skill

Table 5.21: Shows the mean score of the statements on HRD Knowledge and Skill

Table 5.22: Shows the regression analysis between demographic factors and HRD knowledge & Skill

Table 5.23: Shows ANOVA analysis of Length of Service factor with HRD knowledge & Skill

Table 5.24: Shows the percentage analysis of employees perception on HRD Climat

Table 5.25: Shows the mean score of the statements

on HRD Climat

Table 5.26: Shows the regression analysis between demographic factors and HRD Climat

Table 5.27: Shows ANOVA analysis of Qualification factor with HRD Climat

Table 5.28: Shows the percentage analysis of employees perception on Performance Appraisa

Table 5.29: Shows the mean score of the statements on Performance Appraisa

Table 5.30: Shows the regression analysis between demographic factors and Performance Appraisa

Table 5.31: Shows the percentage analysis of employees perception on Counselin

Table 5.32: Shows the mean score of the statements on Performance Appraisa

Table 5.33: Shows the regression analysis between demographic factors and Counselin

Table 5.34: Shows ANOVA analysis of Monthly Income factor with Counselin

Table 5.35: Shows the percentage analysis of employees perception on Career Planning and Developmen

Table 5.36: Shows the mean score of the statements on Career Planning and Developmen

Table 5.37: Shows the regression analysis between demographic factors and Career Planning and Developmen

Table 5.38: Shows ANOVA analysis of Age factor with Career Planning & Developmen

Table 5.39: Ranks of the dimensions of HRD practices at APSRTC-Vizianagaram zone with Mean Score, Percentage and Standard Deviatio

Table 5.40: Shows the percentage analysis of employees satisfaction on Overall HRD Practice

Table 5.41: Shows the mean score of the statements on overall level of satisfaction of employees in the organization through HRD practice

Table 5.42: Shows the regression analysis between demographic factors and overall satisfaction of employees on HRD Practice

Table 5.43: Shows ANOVA analysis of Dimensions of Age factor with overall satisfaction of employees on HRD Practice

Table 5.44: Shows ANOVA analysis of Dimensions

of HRD Practices factor with Designatio

List of Figures

Figure 1.1: HRD Theorie

Figure 1.2: Economic Foundation of HR

Figure 1.3: Essentials of a Psychological Theor

Figure 1.4: Systems Model of Organizatio

Figure 1.5: HRD Proces

Figure 1.6: Features of HRD Climat

Figure 3.1: Chart shows the percentage of Freight Movement by Railways and Roadway

Figure 3.2: Chart shows Passenger Movement by Road Transport & Railways: 1999-2000 to 2011-1

Figure 3.3: Exhibits Network in India: National Highways Map

Figure 3.4: Exhibits Renumbered National Highways Map of India.

Figure 3.5: Exhibits forms of SRTU

Figure 3.6: Classification of SRTU

Figure 3.7: Shows No. of SRTUs in India during –

2002-03 to 2011-12

Figure 3.8: Shows Graphical representation of fatal accidents occurred during 2002-03 to 2012-1

Figure 3.9: Chart showing Profit making SRTUs during 2012 - 1

Figure 3.10: Chart shows the Cost Structure of

SRTUs for 2012 - 1

Figure 3.11: Shows operating cost components of reporting SRTUs during 2011-12 and 2012-1

Figure 3.12: Shows Non - Operating cost components of reporting SRTUs during 2011-12 and 2012-1

Figure 3.13: Chart shows Financial Performance of 38

reporting SRTUs during 2011-12 and 2012-1

Figure 4.1: Andhra Pradesh Ma

Figure 4.2: Shows organization structure of APSRTC during 1958-6

Figure 4.3: Shows organization structure of APSRTC during 1965-7

Figure 4.4: Shows Organization Structure of APSRTC during 978-9

Figure 4.5: Shows Contemporary organization structure of APSRTC from 1994 onward

Figure 4.6: Shows Organization Structure of APSRTC - 201

Figure 4.7: Shows the graphical representation of APSRTC growth since Inceptio

Figure 4.8: Exhibits Financial Performance of APSRTC during 2010-11 and 2012-13

Figure 4.9: Exhibits the SWOT Analysis of HRD

Practices in APSRT

Figure 5.1: Exhibits distribution of educational qualification among the respondent

Figure 5.3: Exhibits Gender distribution of the respondent

Figure 5.4: Exhibits the designation distribution of the respondent

Table 5.6: Shows the Department distribution among the respondent

Figure 5.5: Exhibits distribution of Department of the respondent

Figure 5.6: Exhibits the monthly income of the respondent

Figure 5.7: Exhibits the Length of the Service of the respondent

Figure 5.8: Exhibits distribution of Marital Status among the respondent

Figure 5.9: Exhibits distribution of Nature of Work

among the employee

Figure 5.12: Exhibits the Overall employees opinion on Organizational structure and climat

Figure 5.13: Exhibits boxplot showing comparision of Organization Structure and Climate by Designatio

Figure 5.14: Exhibits individual value plot showing comparision of Organization Structure and Climate by Marital Statu

Figure 5.15: Exhibits the Overall employees opinion on Training and Developmen

Figure 5.16: Exhibits boxplot showing comparision

of HRD Knowledge and Skills by Length of Servic

Figure 5.17: Exhibits the overall employees opinion

on HRD climat

Figure 5.18: Exhibits boxplot showing comparision

of HRD Climate by Qualificatio

Figure 5.19: Exhibits the overall employees opinion on Performance Appraisa

Figure 5.20: Exhibits the overall employees opinion on Counselin

Figure 5.21: Exhibits the overall employees opinion on Career Planning and Developmen

Figure 5.22: Exhibits boxplot showing comparision of Career Planning and Development by Ag

Figure 5.23: Exhibits the overall Opinion on level of satisfaction in the organization through HRD practice

Figure 5.24: Exhibits boxplot showing comparision of Overall satisfication of respondents on HRD Practices by Ag

Figure 5.25: Exhibits comparison of HRD Practices by designatio

Abbreviations