The Ethical Entrepreneur: Succeeding in Business without Selling Your Soul
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The Ethical Entrepreneur - Paul Silberberg
Chapter 1
INTEGRITY IS NON-NEGOTIABLE
When I began my career I had little clue where I was headed, but one conversation changed everything.
During my senior year at the University of Pennsylvania I answered an ad in the school paper to interview for a fellowship. The interview turned out to be at the Provident Mutual Life Insurance Company in Philadelphia. The next thing I knew, I was selling life insurance to college kids like myself and to anyone else who would talk with me. My prospects didn’t have money, nor were they focused on their mortality. Some fellowship!
I decided to go to law school, but my instincts kept me selling part time. When I was a second-year law student I was introduced to Mark Solomon, who had recently started a company called CMS to sell life insurance to entrepreneurs. Mark said, Move your insurance practice to CMS and get exposed to a more sophisticated market. When you graduate, if you want to be a lawyer, be a lawyer. If you want to do something in business, who knows, maybe we’ll do something together.
That was forty-five years ago. Once CMS became a well-established firm, it was easy to be selective about with whom we did business. But something happened shortly after I started at CMS that became a turning point in my career.
I had been working for months on a large and complicated insurance plan when I learned that Mark refused to do business with that prospect. I was in a panic: We needed that case to pay the rent.
But Mark said, Don’t worry. We’ll find people to do business with who share our values. We’ll not only figure out how to pay the rent, but at the same time we’ll be building a foundation of steel, not of sand. Integrity is non-negotiable.
That was a difficult but important lesson. The good news is that persistence in a personal value system allows you to sleep well at night, and in the long run it pays big dividends.
Relationships in the CMS network are typically twenty, thirty, even forty-plus years, and this values-based, entrepreneurial group of companies produced some extraordinary results. The company morphed into an alternative-investment firm that at its peak employed 120 people. We acquired about $12 billion of assets in addition to an estimated $6 billion of life insurance. It was a blast. Not every day nor every dollar, of course. But my business was certainly one of my passions, I think in large part because it was where my instincts—and my heart—led me.
I followed a similar path in my personal life. On a trip to Israel in 1979, I stepped into a Yemenite home near Jerusalem for a cup of coffee. A week later one of the daughters from that host family told me that we were going to get married. I told her she was crazy. My friends and family back in the States told me I was crazy. But I followed my instincts, and eight months later I was back in Jerusalem, being married to Aviva. That was thirty-six years ago, and it’s been a wonderful thirty-six years.
Be a Farmer
Looking back at the times when I met Aviva, when I joined CMS, and when I applied for that fellowship, could I have predicted the outcome? No way. But following my instincts led me in the right direction, and I was lucky enough to have some excellent tutors along the way.
When I was selling life insurance part time, my supervisor at Provident Mutual was a retired Marine drill sergeant. He wouldn’t let me finish my week until I had booked my quota of appointments for the coming week. Can you imagine, at ten p.m. on a Friday night, how I felt when my friends were partying and I was dialing for dollars, cold-calling for life insurance appointments?
That’s when I learned to spell No
with a g
—Go. No means go. My drill sergeant taught me that every No
brought me closer to a Yes.
Persistence is important not only to one’s work ethic. More importantly, persistence is essential in maintaining one’s moral ethic. The CMS perspective was that the world is made up of two types of people: miners and farmers. Miners take out. Farmers take out, but also put back. CMS’s investors, joint-venture partners, and employees were farmers who gave back to society, or they were not accepted as part of the CMS family. The responsibility of our own company and our employees to give back is the heart of the CMS Credo (Appendix 1).
Making a contribution to the community is a responsibility that can’t be delegated, and it shouldn’t be deferred. I lost my brother-in-law at age thirty-four, and one of my best friends at fifty-two, so I know that life is too short to procrastinate.
Don’t defer your farming responsibilities. Whatever financial pressures you feel now should be tempered by knowing there are so many less fortunate. Make your charitable contributions off the top line; don’t wait to see if there’s money left over on the bottom line. And don’t wait to volunteer until you feel that the time is convenient.
I’m fortunate to have known some of our country’s most spectacularly successful businessmen and businesswomen, and in this book you’ll find samples of their wisdom. The true measure of their success, however, is in how they carried out their leadership and entrepreneurship—with their refusal to compromise their ethics, and with their demonstration that good ethics are good business.
Chapter 2
YOUR CLIENT COMES FIRST
In the right context, an old idea can be revolutionary.
In 1969, when I was an undergraduate at the University of Pennsylvania and working part time selling life insurance, I had a supervisor, Joe Patton, who was indeed Patton-esque. After twenty years’ service in the Marine Corps he was well qualified for his job of kicking the you-know-what out of newly recruited life insurance agents.
One day Joe suggested that I consider
attending a lecture sponsored by the Philadelphia Association of Life Underwriters. Joe told me, The speaker is one of the country’s most famous life insurance salesmen, a young guy who happens to be based right here in Philadelphia.
I showed up at the designated hotel directly from class, wearing my undergrad uniform of jeans and T-shirt. At twenty-two, I was by a quarter-century the youngest of 500 insurance agents in the room. All of them were men; all of them were wearing gray suits with red-and-blue rep-striped ties over white button-down shirts; all of them had short, greying crew cuts.
That was the Vietnam era. I thought I was standing at the end of some factory assembly line conveyor belt that was endlessly dropping off cardboard cutouts of life-sized insurance agents. And all of them were holding black briefcases, all exactly the same size and shape.
The featured speaker was Mark Solomon, a thirty-one-year-old hippie with long hair that curled over his shoulders. He wore a wild, bright blue, yellow-checkered suit with a crazy red-and-orange flowered tie. I thought there must have been a mistake: Either the hotel had the wrong speaker on this particular stage, or the wrong audience for this particular speaker. But once Mark started talking, everyone in the room was mesmerized, including me.
Mark Solomon’s message was that an insurance agent should have only one boss, and that boss should be the client, not the insurance company. This was radical. At that time nearly all life insurance policies were sold by sales agencies owned by life insurance companies. I’d bet that almost every one of the salesmen in the room that day was an agent for a big insurer such as Provident Mutual, Prudential, or