Our skin was designed to function as a barrier to protect our bodies from environmental stressors and pathogens, but unfortunately, our skin barrier is one of the main factors that is compromised as we age. Many of us are constantly looking for the next best thing to slow down and possibly even reverse these signs of skin aging, and my guest today is here to explain why focusing on products that work on the molecular level is the key to healthy aging.   I’m joined by Carolina Oliveira, the CEO and co-founder of OneSkin, to discuss everything you need to know about healthy aging in the skin. We cover cellular senescence, biological age, systemic inflammation, and the research being done at OneSkin to quantify these things. We also talk about some of the other factors that have an impact on skin health, and of course dive into the first peptide developed to reverse skin aging at the molecular level: OS-O1.   Carolina Oliveira is the CEO and co-founder of OneSkin. She holds a Ph.D. in stem cell biology and tissue engineering, is a co-inventor of 5 patents and co-author of numerous scientific publications. She relocated from Brazil to Silicon Valley in 2016 to found OneSkin, a fast-growing longevity company developing products to promote skin health by targeting aging at the molecular level. Carolina is an alumnus of IndieBio, the world's largest biotech accelerator and has been an active voice in the longevity field, pioneering age reversal skin research with OneSkin.  Thank you to our sponsors for making this episode possible: OneSkin: Use code SUPERHUMAN15 at https://www.oneskin.co/ BiOptimizers: For Sleep Breakthrough use code BIONAT10 at checkout to save 10% at sleepbreakthrough.com/bionat Berkeley Life: Consumers may register and place an order using my code NIDDBL for 10% off at berkeleylife.com Neurohacker Collective: https://bit.ly/QNHNat and use code NN15 Find more from Nathalie: YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmholC48MqRC50UffIZOMOQ Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/biohackingsuperhumanperformance Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/nathalieniddam/ Website: NatNiddam.com Join Nat’s Membership Community: https://www.natniddam.com/bsp-community Work with Nat: Book Your 20 Minute Optimization Consult: https://calendly.com/nniddam/intro-call?month=2021-08   Find more from Carolina Oliveira: Website: oneskin.co   What we discuss: [00:03:24] The skin barrier and why our skin becomes more fragile as we age [00:08:30] Does nutrition have a big impact on skin health? [00:16:05] The skin’s biological age clock [00:22:48] Does cellular senescence affect skin elasticity? [00:28:07] Ingredients to avoid when looking for skincare  [00:35:37] How long does it take to see results from OneSkin products?  [00:43:22] How OneSkin products can potentially lower systemic inflammation [00:50:09] The different concentration of OS-O1 in each product Key Takeaways: Cellular senescence is a process in which cells stop dividing after reaching their replication limit of around 50 times. These cells have accumulated various mutations that can lead to cancer if they continue to divide. Therefore, cellular senescence functions as a protective mechanism for the body. However, these senescent cells also secrete inflammatory signals that can cause neighboring cells to age faster. When it comes to choosing skincare products, it is important to pay attention to the ingredients list. Some ingredients, like parabens and fragrance, can cause irritation or harm to the skin. Parabens are preservatives that have been linked to endocrine disruption, while fragrance can cause allergic reactions or sensitivity.  Websites like EWG can be a helpful resource for checking the safety of skincare products and their ingredients.  Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs) are naturally occurring compounds that are formed when glucose reacts with proteins in the body. The accumulation of AGEs in the skin leads to the degradation of collag