Artificial General Intelligence: Fundamentals and Applications

By Fouad Sabry

What Is Artificial General Intelligence

An artificial general intelligence, often known as an AGI, is a sort of intelligent agent that only exists in theory. The fundamental idea behind AGI is that it is capable of learning to carry out any intellectual endeavor that can be accomplished by humans or animals. Alternately, artificial general intelligence (AGI) has been characterized as a self-sufficient system that excels beyond that of humans in the majority of economically relevant jobs. The development of an artificial general intelligence (AGI) is one of the key objectives of some artificial intelligence research and firms like OpenAI, DeepMind, and Anthropic. The artificial general intelligence (AGI) is a popular concept in both science fiction and futurist studies.

How You Will Benefit

(I) Insights, and validations about the following topics:

Chapter 1: Artificial general intelligence

Chapter 2: AI alignment

Chapter 3: AI safety

Chapter 4: Machine ethics

Chapter 5: Multi-task learning

Chapter 6: Intelligence amplification

Chapter 7: Human Brain Project

Chapter 8: Weak artificial intelligence

Chapter 9: Artificial brain

Chapter 10: Synthetic intelligence

(II) Answering the public top questions about artificial general intelligence.

(III) Real world examples for the usage of artificial general intelligence in many fields.

(IV) 17 appendices to explain, briefly, 266 emerging technologies in each industry to have 360-degree full understanding of artificial general intelligence' technologies.

Who This Book Is For

Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of artificial general intelligence.

• Language: English
• Publisher: One Billion Knowledgeable
• Release date: Jul 4, 2023

Book preview

Chapter 1: The Singularity Is Near

The era of human transcendence, known as the Singularity, is drawing near. Ray Kurzweil, an American inventor and futurist, published his non-fiction book Biology in 2005 under the title Biology. The book is about artificial intelligence and the future of mankind.

This book expands upon the concepts that were first presented in two of Ray Kurzweil's earlier works: The Age of Intelligent Machines (1990) and The Age of Spiritual Machines (1995). (1999). However, this time around, Kurzweil supports the concept of the Singularity, which was first made public by Vernor Vinge in his article titled The Coming Technological Singularity published in 1993.

Kurzweil explains his theory of accelerating returns, which forecasts a dramatic rise in the prevalence of technologies such as genetics, nanotechnology, robotics, and artificial intelligence. Kurzweil predicts that after the Singularity has been attained, machine intelligence will be incomparably more powerful than the sum total of all human intellect. After then, he forecasts that intelligence will spread outward from the planet until it permeates the whole of the cosmos. The Singularity is also the moment at which human intellect and that of robots will fuse into a single entity.

According to Kurzweil, the course of development throughout all of time can be broken down into six distinct epochs, each of which builds on the foundation laid by the one that came before it. According to him, the four epochs that have already happened are the Physics and Chemistry Epoch, the Biology and DNA Epoch, the Brains Epoch, and the Technology Epoch. According to Kurzweil, the Singularity will take place at the same time as the next era, which will be known as The Merger of Human Technology and Human Intelligence. According to him, the last era, known as The Universe Wakes Up, will take place after the Singularity.

To get to the Singularity, processing power is just as much of a bottleneck as other factors like the quality of algorithms and knowledge of the human brain, which is one of the main pillars of the thesis that Kurzweil presents. Moore's Law hypothesizes that the storage capacity of integrated circuits will increase exponentially over time, but not forever. According to Kurzweil, the pace at which the capacity of integrated circuits increases will likely begin to level out around the year 2020. It is still uncertain what kind of technology will come after integrated circuits to serve as the sixth paradigm; nevertheless, according to Kurzweil, nanotubes are the most probable possibility among a number of other alternatives:

nanotubes and nanotube circuitry, molecular computing, self-assembly in nanotube circuits, biological systems emulating circuit assembly, computing with DNA, spintronics (computing with the spin of electrons), computing with light, and quantum computing are all examples of emerging areas of research in this field.

As a result of the fact that Kurzweil predicts that computer capability will continue to expand exponentially long after Moore's Law comes to an end, it will someday compete with the sheer processing power of the human brain.

Kurzweil looks at several different estimates of how much computational capacity is in the brain and settles on 10¹⁶ calculations per second and 10¹³ bits of memory.

According to what he has said, sometime around the year 2020, one thousand dollars will purchase enough computing power to match one human brain.

It has been pointed out by Kurzweil that the ability for computing work alone will not produce artificial intelligence. He believes that the most effective method for developing artificial intelligence is to first have an understanding of human intelligence. The first thing that has to be done is to take images of the brain and look inside of it. Imaging technologies like as PET and fMRI, according to Kurzweil, are seeing exponential increases in resolution. He believes that such claims will eventually be recognized by the general public.

According to Kurzweil, revolutionary developments in fields such as genetics, nanotechnology, and robots will mark the beginning of the Singularity.

In his talk, Ray Kurzweil discusses the background of the Singularity theory, tracing its origins back to John von Neumann and I. J. Good in the 1950s and 1960s respectively. He draws parallels between his Singularity and the singularities found in mathematics and astrophysics. Even though his conceptions of a Singularity do not literally include an unlimited space, he claims that it seems to do so from any constrained vantage point.

In this book, unlike in The Age of Intelligent Machines