Agent Architecture: Fundamentals and Applications

By Fouad Sabry

What Is Agent Architecture

In the field of computer science, the term "agent architecture" refers to a design that depicts the organization of components within software agents and intelligent control systems. Cognitive architectures are so-called because they are the kind of architectures that are implemented by intelligent agents. The idea of an agent is conceptual, but the term itself is not properly defined. It is made up of a collection of information, a list of objectives, and occasionally a plan library.

How You Will Benefit

(I) Insights, and validations about the following topics:

Chapter 1: Agent architecture

Chapter 2: List of artificial intelligence projects

Chapter 3: Artificial consciousness

Chapter 4: Distributed artificial intelligence

Chapter 5: Cognitive model

Chapter 6: Soar (cognitive architecture)

Chapter 7: Autonomous agent

Chapter 8: Cognitive architecture

Chapter 9: Belief desire intention software model

Chapter 10: Intelligent agent

(II) Answering the public top questions about agent architecture.

(III) Real world examples for the usage of agent architecture in many fields.

(IV) 17 appendices to explain, briefly, 266 emerging technologies in each industry to have 360-degree full understanding of agent architecture' technologies.

Who This Book Is For

Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of agent architecture.

• Language: English
• Publisher: One Billion Knowledgeable
• Release date: Jun 23, 2023

Book preview

Chapter 1: Agent architecture

In computer science, agent architecture is a diagram that shows the component placement for software agents and intelligent control systems. Cognitive architectures are used to describe the architectures used by intelligent agents.

Subsumption

procedural system of reasoning (PRS)

3T

AuRA

Brahms

GAIuS

GRL

ICARUS

InteRRaP

TinyCog

TouringMachines

ASMO

Soar

ACT-R

Brahms

LIDA

PreAct

Cougaar

PRODIGY

FORR

{End Chapter 1}

Chapter 2: List of artificial intelligence projects

Here is a non-classified list of some of the most notable AI projects of the past and present.

An effort to develop a synthetic brain called Blue Brain is currently underway through molecular-level reverse engineering of the mammalian brain.

The Google X deep learning project Google Brain aims to achieve human-level intelligence or better.

Exascale computers will power a ten-year study of the human brain.

Designed by Marcel A. Just's team at Carnegie Mellon University, 4CAPS

Carnegie Mellon University's ACT-R was created by John R. Anderson.

Marcus Hutter of IDSIA and ANU created a universal artificial intelligence system called AIXI.

DARPA has funded a project involving 25 different institutions to develop an AI assistant that can learn to help manage your office environment through the use of natural language processing, speech recognition, machine vision, probabilistic logic, planning, reasoning, and many forms of machine learning. This project is known as CALO.

CHREST was created by a team led by Professors Peter C. Lane of the University of Hertfordshire and Professor Fernand Gobet of Brunel University.

CLARION was created by a team led by Ron Sun and based at RPI and Mizzou.

To help elicit more natural (human-like) behaviors in virtual settings, the CoJACK team developed an extension to the JACK multi-agent system that was inspired by the ACT-R standard.

Authored by Indiana University's Douglas Hofstadter and Melanie Mitchell (entitled Copycat).

DUAL, created by Boicho Kokinov's team at the New Bulgarian University.

Susan L. Epstein of the City University of New York created FORR.

At the University of Memphis, Stan Franklin developed IDA and LIDA to put into practice his Global Workspace Theory.

Created with the OpenCog Framework, OpenCog Prime.

Michael Georgeff and Amy L. Lansky of SRI International created a system called PRS (Procedural Reasoning System).

Psi-Theory developed under Dietrich Dörner at the Otto-Friedrich University in Bamberg, Germany.

Soar was created by researchers at Carnegie Mellon and the University of Michigan, led by Allen Newell and John Laird.

The Society of Mind and Marvin Minsky's The Emotion Machine.

Specifically, subsumption architectures like those created by Rodney Brooks (though it could be argued whether they are cognitive).

Google's AlphaGo, a program that can play the ancient Chinese board game Go.

Chinook is the first computer program to defeat human players at the game of English draughts and claim the title of world champion.

In 1997, IBM's Deep Blue chess computer defeated world champion Garry Kasparov.

In 2016, Two Sigma launched Halite, an AI programming competition.

In 2017, a poker AI named Libratus defeated human experts at the game. It was designed to be adaptable to other domains.

In 1961, artificial intelligence researcher Donald Michie built a mechanical computer out of 304 matchboxes; he called it the Matchbox Educable Noughts and Crosses Engine (also known as the Machine Educable Noughts and Crosses Engine or MENACE).

Google's Quick, Draw! is an online drawing game that uses a neural network to guess what its players have drawn in response to a prompt.

The Samuel Checkers-playing Program (1959) was an early demonstration of the central concept of artificial intelligence and one of the first successful self-learning programs in the world (AI).

Stockfish AI is a free and powerful chess program that has recently risen to the top of many computer chess rankings.

TD-Gammon is a program that became a world champion backgammon player in part by competing against itself (temporal difference learning with neural networks).

Serenata de Amor, a government spending auditing and fraud detection initiative.

Windows users can take advantage of Braina, a smart personal assistant app with a voice interface.

Cyc is an attempt to create a knowledge base and ontology that can reason like a human being.

The heuristics in Eurisko, a problem-solving language created by Douglas Lenat, can be used and modified in various ways.

With Google Now, users of Google's Android and Apple Inc.'s iOS devices, as well as users of Google's Chrome web browser on personal computers, have access to a smart personal assistant with a voice interface.

Holmes, a brand new AI developed by Wipro.

The Windows 10 editions all include Cortana, Microsoft's intelligent personal assistant with a voice interface.

An early medical expert system called Mycin.

To create a large common sense knowledge base from online contributions, the MIT Media Lab has launched Open Mind Common Sense.

Siri is a voice-enabled personal assistant and knowledge navigator built into Apple Inc.'s iOS and macOS operating systems.

SNePS is a system for representing, reasoning about, and taking action on knowledge in a way that is both logical and phenomenologically grounded in frames and networks.

The developers of Siri have released a new artificial intelligence called Viv.

Wolfram Alpha is a search engine that computes the answer to a user's question using predefined data.

Sony's CSL was the incubator for their AIBO robot pet for the home (CSL).

Cog was a robot created by MIT to investigate AI and cognitive science but has since been retired.

Melomics is a bio-inspired music composition and synthesis technology in which computers create their own unique sound rather than emulating human musicians.

AIML is an XML dialect used in the development of NLP software agents.

Java-based text search engine library Apache Lucene is both powerful and feature-rich.

Apache OpenNLP is a toolkit for processing natural language text using machine learning. Common natural language processing operations like tokenization, sentence segmentation, POS tagging, named entity extraction, chunking, and parsing are all supported.

A.L.I.C.E. (Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer Entity) is a chatbot that uses natural language processing to win awards.

OpenAI's GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 (paid) family of large language models serve as the foundation for ChatGPT, a chatbot.

Cleverbot is the updated version of Jabberwacky, boasting improvements