The Duketionary: Spanish

By Duke Panagiotis

The Duketionary is a beginner level approach to language acquisition that focuses on vocabulary and grammar. It provides new language learners access to topics such as; introductions, travel, academics, romance, military, and medicine. Complete with verb conjugation guides and vast vocabulary lists, this book provides all the essential tools to creating your own sentences and develop a strong base to further develop in your chosen language.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Lulu.com
• Release date: Feb 11, 2023
• ISBN: 9781387479467

Book preview

The Duketionary

Spanish

A rapid guide to conversational language

by

Duke A. Panagiotis

Copyright © 2023 by Duke Panagiotis

All rights reserved.

Published in the United States by Duke Panagiotis

Printed in the United States of America

Jacket design by Duke Panagiotis

ISBN: 978-1-387-47946-7

Alphabet……………………………………...7

Pronouns…………………………………….8

Gender…………………………………….....8

Articles……………………………………….8

Phrases………………………………………8

Verb: To be………………………………….10

Present tense verbs……………………….10

Connector words…………………………..13

Question words…………………………….14

Vocabulary………………………………….15

Plural………………………………………..18

Word order……………………………..…..18

Numbers………………………………..…..18

Math………………………………………...19

Days of the week………..…………………19

Irregular verbs………..…………………….19

Adjectives………..………..………………..21

Character descriptions………..…………..23

Reflective pronouns………..……………...23

Object pronouns………..………………….24

Hobbies………..………..……………….…24

Negatives………..………..………………..24

Emotions………..………..………………...25

The city………..…………………..………..26

Out with friends………..…………………...26

Directions………..………..………………..26

Restaurant………..………..……………….26

Comparisons………..………..……………27

Conditional tense………..………..………..27

Ordering food………..………..……………28

Shopping for clothes………..……………..28

Positions………..………..…………………29

In your house………..……………………..29

Possession.……....………………………..30

Adverbs..….…..…………………..………..30

Daily routine………..………..……………..31

Sequence………..………..………..……....31

Organize………..………..………..………..31

Toiletries………..………..………..………..31

The year………..………..………..………..32

Weather………..………..………………….33

Celebrations………..………..……………..33

Romance………..………..………..……….34

Studies………..………..………..………….35

Progressive present verbs………..………35

Schedule…...…..………..………..………..38

Occupation and work………..………..…...39

Past tense………..………..………..…...…42

Future tense………..………..……………..44

Imperfect tense………..………..………….45

Travel………..………..………..…………...46

Medical…………………..………..………..47

Diagnosis……....………..………..………..49

Military………..………..………..………….49

Imperative tense………..………..………..50

Military orders………..………..…………...51

Politics………..………..………..………….51

Interviews………..………..………..………52

Religion………..………..………..…………53

Philosophy………..………..………..……..53

Sample biography………..………..………54

Resources………..………..………..……..55

Forward and Guide:

The study of linguistics and the pursuit of languages are 2 different, but connected ways to connect with the people, cultures, history, and the world. Linguistics shows the evolution and structure of languages. Pursuing languages is the drive and desire to learn languages for the sake of using and understanding them. This work is not supposed to make the reader fluent in any of these languages, nor is the book a phrasebook. This book is a stepping stone into each of the languages and provides a knowledge of how to form sentences, ideas, conjugation, and improve vocabulary. To improve to a higher level, one must: use a dictionary, listen and speak with native speakers, and practice every day. That is not the intention of this book, this book is a tool to engage with the lowest levels in a language. Some things that will be learned are: Alphabets, pronouns, vocabulary, phrases, and basic grammar. As this is a book. Pronunciation is touched on, but to acquire a better understanding of the speaking and listening, one needs to engage outside a book. A recommendation to the reader, is to try and keep a separate journal where one tries to write as much as possible in the target language. Do not worry about mistakes. After you have finished, look over your work, think of words you use in your daily life and learn them. Practice. Practice. Practice.

Grammar guide

Pronouns: I, you, he, she, they, we, it. Pronouns are referred as

Singular            Plural

1st person:      I                  We

2nd person:    You                            You*

3rd person:      He/She/It**                They***

*You is both singular and plural in English. You as a plural acts like Y’all in a southern USA dialect. This is not always the case in other languages, they might have a different word depending on formality and plurality. (In cases of formality and plurality. The abbreviations are: Formal: Fm. Informal: Inf. Singular: Sing. Pl.)

**Words in English do not typically have gender except for when referring to a person. (When referring to gender. The abbreviations are: Male: M. Female: F. When there are two versions of a word depending on gender it will be shown as he/she.

***Gendered languages can also gender their plurals. Like He(s), She(s), or it(s).

Phrases: Things that are said for the sake of communication. They sometimes act like a prewritten sentence. They exist slightly outside of regular nouns, verbs, etc.

Hello. Goodbye. My name is -. I live in -.

Gender: In English we have masculine, feminine, and neuter to refer to pronouns. They are not involved with conjugation nor nouns, yet in other languages this is not the case.

He is a man.

She is a woman.

It is a robot.

Verbs: Verbs are actions done by pronouns: He runs. She knows. It flies. We need. When a verb is alone. It is an Infinitive verb. To eat. To read. This will be the first form of the verb learned always.

Conjugation: Verbs change depending on numerous factors such as pronoun, tense, and condition. An example for how words will be conjugated is

To jump      Singular            Plural

1st person:      Jump                        Jump

2nd person:    Jump                          Jump

3rd person:      Jumps                        Jump

In the past tense it is:

To jump      Singular            Plural

1st person:      Jumped            Jumped

2nd person:    Jumped                      Jumped

3rd person:      Jumped                      Jumped

Often, when two verbs are together, the first is conjugated, but the second