Spanish in Plain English: With Hint Dictionary
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About this ebook
Learn quickly the Spanish grammar that your textbook failed to teach you. Brief concise explanations in plain English. Even if you are not the best at grammar period, this book is for you. It's designed to help an absolute beginner become conversant in Spanish and have an overall understanding of how a Spanish sentence is put together.
Anthony Myers
I am a High School Spanish teacher. Check out my blog with over 7 hours of FREE Spanish lessons. I am also former debate team captain and speech club medalist. I will help you improve your language skills.
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Spanish in Plain English - Anthony Myers
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Intro
Pronunciation
Nouns
Articles
Adjectives
Pronouns
Conjugations
Verb Types
Verb Tenses in a Nutshell
The Present Tense
Irregular Present Tense
The Present Progressive
Irregular Present Progressive
The Preterit (Past Tense)
Common Irregular Preterit Verbs
The Imperfect
Past Progressive
Preterit vs Imperfect
Perfect Tense
Irregular Past Participles
Past Perfect Tense
Near Future Tense
Future Past Tense
Future Tense
Future Progressive
Future Perfect
Conditional
Conditional Perfect
Reflexive Verbs and Pronouns
What is the Subjunctive?
Present Subjunctive
Past Subjunctive
Perfect Subjunctive
Past Perfect Subjunctive
Future Subjunctive
Irregular Subjunctives
Parts of a Sentence
Direct Object Pronoun
Indirect Object Pronoun
Double Object Pronouns
Tú Commands
Vosotros Commands
Usted Commands
Ustedes Commands
Nosotros Commands
Indirect Commands
Interrogatives
Conjunctions
Prepositions
Por vs Para
Prepositional Pronouns
Possessive Nouns and Adjectives
Possessive Pronouns
Demonstrative Adjectives and Pronouns
How to Form Adverbs
Common Adverbs
Passive Voice
No-Fault Se
Reciprocal Actions
Uses of Se
Comparatives
Superlatives
Ser vs Estar
Common Reflexive Verbs
Saber vs Conocer
Prefixes and Suffixes
Compound Verbs
Why Punctuation Matters
Like and Dislikes
Commonly Confused Words
Hint Dictionary
Table of Contents
What to Do If You Get Stuck
Closing Tips
Intro
I want to teach you Spanish grammar as fast as I can.This book will help you whether you’re a complete beginner or more experienced. Read the chapters in any order you like. Let’s get started!
Pronunciation
Let’s help you sound like a natural! Spanish mostly has the same alphabet as English with a few extra letters and the vowels are pronounced differently.
New Letters
H- Is always silent. (Hernandez is pronounced Air-non-dez
)
J - Makes the h
sound at the beginning of a word. (Jose is pronounced "Ho-say.")
CC-Makes the ks
sound. ( Acción is pronounced "Ak-see-on")
LL - Makes the y
sound. ( Tortilla is pronounced Tore-teeyah.
)
Ñ- Makes the ny
sound. (Piñata is pronounced Pin-yata.
)
RR- Makes a purring sound. Basically purr like a cat and this will help you pronounce the RR.
Y - Makes the ee
sound and means and,
when used as a separate word.
Accent Marks
Ó The tilde (not an apostrophe) means that you say that letter harder in the word.
Ü The umlaut (or diéresis) Makes the U
sound like a W
How the Vowels sound
A = Ah
E = Eh
I = EE
O = O
U = OO
How vowels sound together
If there is more than one vowel in the word, say each vowel. Spanish typically does not have a silent e
at the end of words (Notice you say the "e" in the Spanish name Jose as oppose to the silent e
in the English word Rose). There are a few exceptions when certain vowels are next to each other:
Examples
Fuego is pronounced: "F-way-go"
Veinte is pronounced: "Veyn-tay"
Guerra is pronounced: "Geh-rrah"
Nouns
A noun is a person, place, physical object, or idea (i.e. Thomas, Tank, or engineering).
Number: (Singular or plural)
Just like English, in Spanish add s
to make a noun plural
Gato = Cat (singular)
Gatos = Cats (plural)
If the noun ends with a consonant, add es
to make a noun plural
Árbol = Tree
Árboles = Trees
Gender: (Masculine or Feminine)
English only has a few nouns with gender. Waiter is masculine and waitress is feminine. In Spanish, even inanimate objects are assigned a gender. The best way to tell the gender of a word in Spanish is to look it up in the dictionary! However, here are some basic guidelines to get you started.
Masculine Nouns end with o, e, á, é, í, ó, ú, ma, pa
Gato = Cat
Mapa = Map
Sistema = System
Feminine nouns: end with a, d, dad, z, or -ión:
Gata = Female-Cat
Paz = Peace
Amistad = Friendship
Claridad = Clarity
Note: Nouns of inanimate objects never change gender.
La Silla (The chair) would still be feminine, even if a man were sitting in the chair.
Nouns of humans and animals can change gender depending on if the phrase is about a male or female.
Singular and masculine: Maestro (1 male teacher)
Plural and masculine: Maestros (Multiple male teachers)
Singular and feminine: Maestra (1 female teacher)
Plural and feminine: Maestras (Multiple female teachers)
Articles
Articles come before nouns and tell you the gender and number of the noun. In English, articles are words such as a, an, the, or some.
Definite Article (The) vs. Indefinite article (A, or An)
The definite article (the) refers to a particular object. "The sofa" is a specific sofa. Whereas the indefinite article (a, an) refers to any object in general. "A sofa" refers to sofas in general.
Articles with Gender and Number
In Spanish, the article must have the same number (singular or plural) and gender (masculine or feminine) as the noun next to it. For the rest of this book we will use abbreviations to keep it simple. Singular (Sing.), Plural (Plu.), Masculine (Mas.), Feminine (Fem.).
Definite Articles (The)
El Hombre = The man. Los Hombres = The men.
La Mujer = The woman. Las Mujeres = The women.
Indefinite Articles (A, an)
Un cuchillo = A Knife. Unos cuchillos = Some Knives.
Una manzana = An Apple. Unas Manzanas = Some Apples.
Adjectives
Adjectives describe a noun. In Spanish, most adjectives come after the noun.
La Casa Roja = The Red House.
(Notice that in Spanish the word for house Casa
comes first so it literally says The House Red.
)
Number and Gender
Adjectives that end in o
come in 4 forms (o, a, os, as) depending on the number and gender of the noun. Let’s use the word simpático,
which means nice,
as an example:
Adjectives that end in a consonant do not change gender however they add es
in the plural.
La camisa azul = The blue shirt
Las camisas azules = The blue shirts.
Adjectives that end in z
do not change gender but replace the z
with a ces
in the plural.
El hombre feliz = The happy man.
Los hombres felices = The happy men.
Adjectives that end in e
do not change gender. Simply add s
in the plural.
La silla grande = The big chair.
Las sillas grandes = The big chairs.