Guidelines for African Swine Fever (ASF) prevention and Control in Smallholder Pig Farming in Asia: Farm Biosecurity, Slaughtering and Restocking

By Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly fatal infectious disease of domestic and wild pigs of all breeds and ages with no effective vaccine or treatment. The incursion of ASF into Asia and the Pacific region has been a major concern as the region is the major pig production area, which produces over 58 percent of pigs globally (FAOSTAT). The concerns, therefore, are growing for its impacts on food security and economics as the virus is expanding towards more areas and countries in the region. As the disease continues to expand into new territories, preparedness and control activities need to be constantly adjusted to adapt to situations observed in the field that may be contrary to what was expected based on international standards or experiences from other parts of the world. National veterinary services face challenges in these complex situations, and so regional and international support is needed to fill capacity gaps required for ASF control and to facilitate dialogue among key stakeholders. Through various regional and national consultation meetings, affected countries have requested technical support to make available relevant technical guidelines for ASF control that are practical especially for smallholder pig farmers in the context of Asia (SO5).

This Farm biosecurity, slaughtering and restocking] is the third of the series of the “Guidelines for African swine fever (ASF) prevention and control in smallholder pig farming in Asia” which guides biosecurity, slaughtering and restocking practice in smallholder pig farming system which are designed for use by national and/or central veterinary authorities, farmers and relevant stakeholders, especially focusing on Southeast Asian pig industry.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
• Release date: May 26, 2022
• ISBN: 9789251362792

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Bremang, A., Ho, H.P.J., Conan, A., Tang, H., Oh, Y. & Pfeiffer, D.U. 2022. Guidelines for African swine fever (ASF) prevention and control in smallholder pig farming in Asia: Farm biosecurity, slaughtering and restocking. Bangkok, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb9187en

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Contents

Acknowledgements

Abbreviations and acronyms

Summary of key points

Mindmap

1. Introduction

1.1. Definition of biosecurity

2. Roles and responsibilities of stakeholders in ASF biosecurity in the Southeast Asian pig industry

2.1. National/central veterinary authorities

2.2. Producer associations and non-governmental organizations

2.3. Veterinarians and field officers

2.4. Smallholder producers (farmers)

2.5. Paraprofessionals (village veterinary workers or community animal health workers)

3. ASF minimum biosecurity requirements for smallholder pig farms

3.1. Introduction of new pigs into a herd

3.2. Feed and water

3.3. Bedding

3.4. Vehicles and equipment

3.5. Deliveries and supplies

3.6. Personnel and training

3.7. Wildlife, insects and hunting

3.8. Manure management

3.9. General cleaning and disinfection procedures

3.10. Characteristics of key recommended on-farm ASF-specific biosecurity measures for smallholder pig systems

4. Biosecurity recommendations during an outbreak (for veterinary authorities)

4.1. Identification of infected areas, premises or zones

4.2. Movement control during an outbreak

4.3. Pre-movement recommendation for live pig transport

5. Recommendations for pig slaughter in infected areas

5.1. Household slaughter

5.2. Transport to slaughter points

5.3. Disinfection of slaughter points

6. Restocking infected and dangerous-contact premises

7. Future considerations for sustainable ASFV biosecurity

References

Glossary

Acknowledgements

This publication is an output of the collaboration between the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (FAO RAP) and the City University of Hong Kong. This publication was made possible through support provided by the Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance (BHA), United States Agency for International Development (USAID), under the terms of Award No.720FDA19IO00092 Strengthening field capacities for African swine fever detection and emergency response. The opinions expressed in this guideline are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the USAID.

The definition of a smallholder pig farm is not applied consistently across all countries in the Asia-Pacific region. While these guidelines present materials targeted to smallholders, all measures described in these guidelines are applicable for reducing the risk of African swine fever (ASF) in all pig farming enterprises.

FAO RAP is grateful to the authors