Food Safety Risk Management: Evidence-Informed Policies and Decisions, Considering Multiple Factors
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They may contribute to, or detract from the achievement of goals in areas including nutrition, food security, food trade and market access, economic and rural development. The risk analysis paradigm guides risk managers to ensure their decisions are based on an assessment of risks to health, and consideration of other factors in choosing the preferred risk management decision. The materials assist decision-makers in applying a multi-factor approach and is applied to two key decision areas – setting food safety priorities, and selecting risk management options. The principles and approaches can be applied to all food safety decisions. Case studies are included as examples of how to apply this decision-making process. Using this guidance will lead to improved food safety decisions, where decision-makers can demonstrate how evidence was used and any trade-offs made. It also facilitates stakeholder engagement, transparency and accountability throughout the decision-making process.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
An intergovernmental organization, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has 194 Member Nations, two associate members and one member organization, the European Union. Its employees come from various cultural backgrounds and are experts in the multiple fields of activity FAO engages in. FAO’s staff capacity allows it to support improved governance inter alia, generate, develop and adapt existing tools and guidelines and provide targeted governance support as a resource to country and regional level FAO offices. Headquartered in Rome, Italy, FAO is present in over 130 countries.Founded in 1945, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) leads international efforts to defeat hunger. Serving both developed and developing countries, FAO provides a neutral forum where all nations meet as equals to negotiate agreements and debate policy. The Organization publishes authoritative publications on agriculture, fisheries, forestry and nutrition.
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Food Safety Risk Management - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
INTRODUCTION
WHY IS THIS GUIDANCE NEEDED?
Food safety risk managers and policy-makers charged with protecting public health and safety are working in an ever more complex world. They must make sound choices to address public health risks but there are often economic, social and political impacts that also need to be considered. Stakeholder perspectives and views must be taken into account, and decision processes are often subject to media attention. Faced with this complexity, risk managers and policy-makers can be aided by structured methods that are based on multiple decision factors.
In our day-to-day lives, we often make decisions or choices based on multiple considerations or factors. For example, when we make consumer purchases, we might consider initial cost, durability, maintenance costs and perhaps aesthetic features such as colour and style. We instinctively weigh evidence related to different factors to make a choice that is aligned with our values and appropriate for our situation. As illustrated in Figure 1, these basic steps can be developed into a formal and systematic process for making decisions. The process includes a clear statement of the decision objective, the alternatives considered, the factors and criteria used to evaluate and compare these options and the identification of the best
choice overall.
The guidance contained in this document applies the multi-factor decision-making schema to food safety issues, highlighting how it can be used to enhance policy development, set priorities or choose risk management options. Tools and examples are included to demonstrate the consideration of different factors to these different decisions, following the structured decision making schema. Despite the effort to be as practical as possible, the use of this guidance document will require decision-makers to be knowledgeable in food safety risk analysis and the involvement of other skill sets, for example experts in data collection and analysis, social analysts and experts in use of techniques such as Delphi surveys. The guidance emphasizes the importance of evidence to support the evaluation of options and a transparent process that demonstrates clear accountability.
WHO CAN USE THIS GUIDANCE ON MULTI-FACTOR DECISION-MAKING?
This guidance material has been prepared firstly for national food safety risk managers and other decision-makers
who have responsibility for proposing, planning, developing and implementing appropriate policies and decisions.
Secondly, it has been prepared to support high level food safety policy-makers to influence those charged with health, food security, economic and social development policy, and Finance ministries deciding on resource allocation and national