Philosophy: Understanding Diverse Moralities

By Leon Kabasele

This book will help those who study philosophy, also those who do research on philosophy, those who have already studied philosophy, and those who enjoy keeping in touch with philosophy. I selected the most important points to debate in this book. I, myself, call this book a good quality of philosophy because I do not want to be outside of philosophy. Those who study philosophy should not feel useless, because the modernity wants to decrease the success of philosophy in human society. Most people think philosophy is just to study, but that is not true. If it was true, we should go back to challenge the Greek dictionary. I made it simple for everybody to understand that philosophy is not what people think in a negative manner; also, people who consider philosophy as a science are confused. That is not a problem, because everybody does not think the same. So readers will understand, in this book, philosophy is about the love of wisdom and more deep wisdom to think about something. Those who will read this book will be very satisfied, because most of the debates are well explained.

• Language: English
• Publisher: AuthorHouse UK
• Release date: Aug 28, 2014
• ISBN: 9781496989840

Leon Kabasele

Dr. Leon Kabasele has done a lot of research on theology and philosophy, and he has written books on theology and philosophy, including Christian Philosophy: Understanding Racial Oppression, which delves into the issue of human rights in Africa. Those books will help those who study, research, and are interested in philosophy, theology, politics, and religion. He has selected the most important points to debate in his books. He became interested in researching human rights and other legal issues because of his life experience with matters of justice and his belief that, for one to understand theology, one must understand human rights. He has attended many conferences on theology and human rights, and he was selected to give a presentation at a conference in Bethlehem. He regularly attends conferences about Christianity, and he debates politics and theology with people from around the world, including India, Pakistan, and Africa.

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© 2014 Leon Kabasele . All rights reserved.

No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means without the written permission of the author.

Published by AuthorHouse 08/22/2014

ISBN: 978-1-4969-8983-3 (sc)

ISBN: 978-1-4969-8982-6 (hc)

ISBN: 978-1-4969-8984-0 (e)

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CONTENTS

Preface

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 2 Metaphysics Of Morals

Chapter 3 Self-Justification

a). Deontology

b). Duty: The Good Action and Good Will

c). Diversities Morality

d). Coincidence

e). A Good Law

Chapter 4 Good Will

a). A Function of a Good Will

b). Conscious Perfection

c). The Process of Motivation

d). Increment of Happiness

e). Consequentialism

Chapter 5 Humanism Discipline

a). The Challenge Consequence of Human

b). The Disadvantage of Lying

c). The Standard Concept of a Rational Mind

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Dr. Leon Kabasele was born in Zaire, which is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. His entire family was Muslim, but at ten years old, he received the Lord Jesus Christ as his Saviour. He has done a lot of research on theology and philosophy, and he has written books on theology and philosophy, including Christian Philosophy: Understanding Racial Oppression, which delves into the issue of human rights in Africa. He became interested in researching human rights and other legal issues because of his life experience with matters of justice and his belief that for one to understand theology, one must understand human rights. He has attended many conferences on theology and human rights, and he was selected to give a presentation at a conference in Bethlehem. He regularly attends conferences about Christianity, and he debates politics and theology with people from around the world, including India, Pakistan, and Africa.

PREFACE

I have written this book according to my career in philosophical studies and independent philosophical research. I was studying philosophy at the university and also, at the same time, studying psychology every Saturday outside of my class time. One day in my philosophy class, as part of our coursework, we were debating in the group. Our teacher was the moderator in that debate about whether philosophy is based on deep wisdom, for example when a mum is making lunch for her child, but when she serves it, if her child refuses to have her lunch, perhaps the child had enough breakfast. It is philosophy because it is a debate: why did her child refuse lunch? It is not just about refusing, but the breakfast was enough and the mother followed the procedure for daily nutrition.

When I was doing the debates in philosophy class, I did not want to go very deep with my knowledge because I thought that what I said was enough to support my arguments. But my teacher encouraged me to go even more in depth; I understand that in philosophy, you browse all the knowledge and provide the evidence to support your arguments. In this book, I did my best to go in depth about the topics I selected to debate, always remembering that I had to go in depth about each paragraph. I did not want to use too much terminology, because other people have already done that; l preferred to go in depth and make sense of the practical philosophy rather than theory.

Philosophy is not just about theory; I read many books about philosophy and realised that many authors just have a theory, without putting it into practice. I came across the philosophy of Immanuel Kant, which is based on deontology; there is so much practical work that brings an idea of mathematics. He said an action was imperative; there was no need to consider philosophy as a theory because mathematics was not theory. It was practical, because when we wake up in the morning, this was where mathematics started. Also philosophy starts when two people say something contrary; they can debate how to make sense of that idea, or they can debate on how to reach an agreement. A philosophy is about wisdom, but it is also based on mathematics in terms of thinking rather than using words which do not make any sense. I could not hold myself to see that in each paragraph I was producing, it must be a debate to support my argument. In my book World’s Problems and Solutions, I discussed five different philosophies on five different continents. I believe that there are many moralities; each continent has its own philosophy because they have their own ways of thinking, and the wise ones of that continent are different than the other wise ones.

I read a lot of books about Immanuel Kant to understand his philosophy; I suggest that those who consider his philosophy as Christianity are mistaken, because he said it was logical to condemn stealing. Many readers want philosophy and a certain morality to support stealing, murder, and other things that are harmful. Philosophy means love of wisdom; wisdom is about deep thinking, and thinking can be about mathematics. Logic is to give the right answer to the right equation; you cannot have a wrong equation, and you want to accept it as the right answer. As a human being, you should always condemn stealing; imagine you have bought something with your own money; would you be happy to see another person take it without your permission? If that is right for you, nobody would have any property, and there would not be any shops, because everybody would steal. Also, justice would not exist; stealing is not just to steal something material, it can also be something else.

When Immanuel Kant condemned this action, it did not mean that he was getting an idea from religion, especially Christianity, but it does not mean that ideology is not a part of philosophy. Philosophy as a love of wisdom covers many areas in our lives; when we wake up in the morning, philosophy starts because we start to think of many things. Every human being thinks positively; when somebody is organising to do what is right in the presence of others, something comes into somebody’s mind that makes him say something positive. Even the result will be bad, but when people plan to take an action, they do not mean to fail in their action. When somebody is doing an action, there is a positive motivation that usually attracts that person to work very hard; it usual happens when somebody is lying and giving false information to other people. Imagine if somebody intends to love another person by the Internet; as we know that there are many sort of social networks that people use to communicate.

In 2014, somebody met the wrong person, who was pretending to be a super star. He sent her many things about that star, basically she was motivated by his action because that man was sending her the nice gifts; he thought what he was doing to that girl was right for himself, and he hoped the girl would accept him as her lover, but then that girl refused him completely, and the man became worried. His own action brought him disappointment; in the beginning of that action, it seemed like good will, and then sometimes the result of an action turns into bad will. Each person has an obligation to think of doing something good rather than doing something bad first; suppose you are walking in the street and you see somebody screaming for help, then that person runs to you and holds you because she thinks you are a strong enough to help her. Your intention will motivate you to see why this person ran to you, what sort of help they needed; imagine that person said to you that her child was left in the car and the doors were locked. When you went with her to the car park, you found out she was with a group of burglars, and they wanted just to rob you. Your action was good when you were motivated, but when it comes to the result of your action, you realise it was not good.

CHAPTER 1

Introduction

There is always something to do in the world when somebody has the will to survive; also, everybody has their own history to tell, and everybody has the basic fundamentalism that makes them feel right to make certain decisions in their life. The improvement of philosophy in terms of making sense of certain principles started before Christ. Many philosophers came to mobilise the ideas of philosophy for people to understand how certain principles can be resolved. In this book, the reader will understand the fundamentals of philosophy and certain philosophical moralities. In this book, I am going to clarify the understanding of morality and the duties of certain applications that can make sense of practical philosophy. As I always state, philosophy is not a science that presents different cells and explains certain religions. Philosophy cannot be limited for certain methods or conditions, but it depends on somebody who needs to develop philosophy in religion, in business, in laws, and so on.

In this book, I am going to debate many points which will help us to know the objective of philosophy and why human nature pursues it. The ideology of modern philosophy came from ancient philosophy; it is developing every day in society. Mankind always has something to discover but they cannot, because research improves every day in the world. This is why when some people talk, they always need to touch something; people often play with a pen or pencil. Many people feel free to defend themselves or to support their arguments with morals. As long as the philosophy is based on debate and does not give an appropriate result, people consider neither response to certain morals laws. Some people believe that applying for moral philosophy means that their problems must be in that state, but they should verify in death to give the right conclusion. I will make many debates in the book that can help us to understand philosophy in death.

Philosophy is also the ability to solve a problem; many philosophers develop it to show a good or bad result of the debate. I believe that certain morals require mathematics; it often happens to me when I think of how human beings can oppose some of the conditions that are set for them. Everybody has the right to say no when they feel that situation is not right for them; they also have the right to say yes, and it requires an argument that can support the