5 Popular Perennial Vegetables: Globe Artichokes, Crosnes, Asparagus, Sunchokes and Rhubarb
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5 Popular Perennial Vegetables - Roby Jose Ciju
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Perennial Vegetables: An Introduction
Generally cultivated crops are grouped into any of the three categories based on their growing cycle. These categories are annuals, biennials and perennials. Annuals complete both their vegetative and reproductive life cycles within a season or a year. Biennials complete their vegetative growth phase during first growing season or first year and produce seeds during the second season or second year. That is, biennials complete their life cycles within two seasons or within two years. While perennials are those crops which may take one or more years to complete their vegetative phase before embarking on a continuum of reproductive cycles, yielding economically significant crop produce. That is, perennials grow for several years without compromising on their economic value. Similarly, perennial vegetables are those crops that produce edible portion that can be used as a vegetable continuously for several years.
Popular Perennial Vegetables: Five major perennial vegetables based on their popularity and consumer preference are asparagus, rhubarb, Jerusalem artichoke (Sunchokes), Chinese artichokes (crosnes) and globe artichokes. Major edible portion of these vegetables are listed below:
Other perennial vegetables such as sea kale; horse radish; bamboo shoots; cactus stems (prickly pears); perennial onions; radicchio; Belgian endive etc are also now becoming popular among the consumers worldwide. Unripe fruits of some of the perennial fruit plants such as plantain, jackfruit, breadfruit, papaya, mango, and drumstick are sometimes used as perennial vegetables in several Asian countries.
Globe Artichoke
Scientific name of Globe Artichoke is Cynara scolymus. It is a popular plant which is grown for its edible globular flower buds that is used as a vegetable. Globe artichokes are known by different names in different parts of the world. It is called Sharifa
or Shalifa
in Hindi.
Taxonomy: Taxonomic classification of globe artichoke plant is as given below:
Origin and Distribution: Globe artichoke is believed to be a native of North Africa but today its cultivation is mainly concentrated in the Mediterranean region.
Varieties: Two types of cultivars are available in the market: Traditional cultivars or cultivars that are propagated by vegetative propagation and seed cultivars or cultivars that are propagated by seeds.
artichokes-jpgFigure 1: Artichoke Plant
Traditional Cultivars: A list of the popular 16 traditional cultivars of the globe artichokes is given below:
Camus de Bretagne- Green in color, large-sized flower buds
Castel- Green in color, large-sized flower buds; popular in France
Green globe- Green in color, large-sized flower buds; popular in USA
Blanca de Tudela- Green in color, medium-sized flower buds; popular in Spain
Blanc d'Oran- Green in color, medium-sized flower buds; popular in Algeria
Bayrampasha- Green in color, medium-sized flower buds; popular in Turkey
C3- Purple in color, large-sized flower buds; popular in Italy
Romanesco- Purple in color, large-sized flower buds; popular in Italy
Violet de Provence- Purple in color, medium-sized flower buds; popular in France
Brindisino- Purple in color, medium-sized flower buds; popular in Italy
Catanese- Purple in color, medium-sized flower buds; popular in Italy
Niscemese- Purple in color, medium-sized flower buds; popular in Italy
Violet d'Algerie- Purple in color, medium-sized flower buds; popular in Algeria
Baladi- Purple in color, medium-sized flower buds; popular in Egypt
Spinoso sardo- Traditional spined cultivar, popular in Italy
Criolla- Traditional spined cultivar, popular in Peru
Seed Cultivars: A list of the popular 10 seed cultivars of the globe artichokes is given below:
Madrigal- Popular seed cultivar, used for industry purposes
Lorca- Popular seed cultivar, used for industry purposes
A-106- Popular seed cultivar, used for industry purposes
Imperial Star- Popular seed cultivar, used for industry purposes
Northern Star- Popular seed cultivar, used for industry purposes
Symphony- Seed cultivar, green color
Harmony- Seed cultivar, green color
Concerto- Seed cultivar, purple in color
Opal- Seed cultivar, purple in color
Tempo- Seed cultivar, purple in color
Botanical Description: