Arabic Verbs (100 Conjugated Verbs)

By Karibdis

Especially written for electronic devices, Arabic verbs has an introduction to the formation of all verbal tenses in Arabic, as well as 100 essential verbs fully conjugated with their meaning. This book allows the user to search in all the text because it has no images or vanishing or unreadable text.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Karibdis
• Release date: Aug 17, 2020
• ISBN: 9781005916879

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Especially written for electronic devices, Arabic verbs has an introduction to the formation of all verbal tenses in Arabic, as well as 100 essential verbs fully conjugated with their meaning. This book allows the user to search in all the text because it has no images or vanishing or unreadable text.

Editorial Karibdis

Arabic Verbs

100 verbs series - Volume 13

First edition

Karibdis 17.08.20

Original title: Arabic Verbs

© Editorial Karibdis, 2020

Cover design: Karina Martínez Ramírez

Vector cover image: Creative_hat / Freepik

Digital editor: Karibdis

First edition: August 2020

All rights are reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission. The unauthorized reproduction of this copyrighted work is illegal. No part of this book may be scanned, uploaded or distributed via the internet or any other means, electronic or print, without the publishers permission.

If you find any misprint, mistake or typo in this book and you want to communicate it to us, please write us at the following email: [e-mail] or www.karibdis.com. We will be very pleased to receive your comments, doubts or other observations in order to make this book better.

ARABIC VERBS

1. Introduction

Arabic language belongs to the Semitic languages like Aramaic, Hebrew and Maltese. The main features of the Arabic language are:

mood: indicative, subjunctive, jussive, imperative

tense: present, past, future

person: first, second, third

number: singular, dual, plural

gender: masculine, feminine

voice: active, passive

2. Classification of verbs

Arabic verbs are divided into two groups:

Regular verbs: verbs with a regular scheme

Irregular verbs: verbs that don't suit a regular paradigm

2.1. The root of the verb

Arabic language uses the third person masculine singular of the past as the base form in dictionaries (like the infinitive in English dictionaries). If we eliminate the vowels of this form, we get three letters (sometimes four letters). These letters are the root of the verb. For example, the verb write:

كَتَبَ (kataba)

If we eliminate all vowels, we get the consonants K - T - B. We need to use these three letters, always in the same order, in order to conjugate completely a verb. With the aid of prefixes (letters before the root), infixes (letters inside the root) and suffixes (letters after the root), we can conjugate the rest of persons and tenses.

3. Non-past indicative

3.1. Active voice

The non-past indicative or imperfect of regular Arabic verbs is formed with the root of the verb plus the prefixes and suffixes ...أَ (ʾa...), ...ﺗﹷ (ta...), ﺗﹷ...ينَ (ta...īna), ...ﻴﹷ (ya...), ...ﺗﹷ (ta...), ﺗﹷ...ﺎﻦِ (ta...āni), ﻴﹷ...ﺎﻦِ (ya...āni), ﺗﹷ...ﺎﻦِ (ta...āni), ...ﻧَ (na...), ﺗﹷ...ﻮﻦَ (ta...ūna), ﺗﹷ...نَ (ta...na), ﻴﹷ...ونَ (ya...ūna), ﻴﹷ...نَ (ya...na):

كَتَبَ kataba (write)

أَكْتُبُ‎ (ʾaktubu) mf

تَكْتُبُ‎ (taktubu) m

تَكْتُبِينَ‎ (taktubīna) f

يَكْتُبُ‎ (yaktubu) m

تَكْتُبُ‎ (taktubu) f

تَكْتُبَانِ‎ (taktubāni) mf

يَكْتُبَانِ‎ (yaktubāni) m

تَكْتُبَانِ‎ (taktubāni) f

نَكْتُبُ‎ (naktubu) mf

تَكْتُبُونَ‎ (taktubūna) m

تَكْتُبْنَ‎ (taktubna) f

يَكْتُبُونَ‎ (yaktubūna) m

يَكْتُبْنَ‎ (yaktubna) f

3.2. Passive voide

The non-past indicative or imperfect of regular Arabic verbs in the passive voice is formed with the root of the verb plus the prefixes and suffixes ...أُ (ʾu...), ...ﺗُ (tu...), ﺗُ...ينَ (tu...īna), ...ﻴُ (yu...), ...ﺗُ (tu...), ﺗُ...ﺎﻦِ (tu...āni), ﻴُ...ﺎﻦِ (yu...āni), ﺗُ...ﺎﻦِ (tu...āni), ...ﻧُ (nu...), ﺗُ...ﻮﻦَ (tu...ūna), ﺗُ...نَ (tu...na), ﻴُ...ونَ (yu...ūna), ﻴُ...نَ (yu...na):

كَتَبَ kataba (write)

أُكْتَبُ‎ (ʾuktabu) mf

تُكْتَبُ‎ (tuktabu) m

تُكْتَبِينَ (tuktabīna) f

يُكْتَبُ‎ (yuktabu) m

تُكْتَبُ‎ (tuktabu) f

تُكْتَبَانِ‎ (tuktabāni) mf

يُكْتَبَانِ‎ (yuktabāni) m

تُكْتَبَانِ‎ (tuktabāni) f

نُكْتَبُ‎ (nuktabu) mf

تُكْتَبُونَ‎ (tuktabūna) m

تُكْتَبْنَ‎ (tuktabna) f

يُكْتَبُونَ‎ (yuktabūna) m

يُكْتَبْنَ‎ (yuktabna) f

4. Past indicative

4.1. Active voice

The past indicative or perfect of the regular Arabic verbs is formed with the root of the verb plus the suffixes ﺖُ... (...tu), ﺖَ... (...ta), ﺖِ... (...ti), ﹷ... (...a), ﹷﺖ... (...at), ﺘُﻤَﺎ... (...tumā), ﺎ... (...ā), ﹷﺘَﺎ... (...atā), ﻨَﺎ... (...nā), ﺘُﻢ... (...tum), ﺘُﻦﱠ... (...tunna), ﹹﻮﺍ... (...ū), نَ... (...na):

كَتَبَ kataba (write)

كَتَبْتُ‎ (katabtu) mf

كَتَبْتَ‎ (katabta) m

كَتَبْتِ‎ (katabti) f

كَتَبَ (kataba) m

كَتَبَتْ‎ (katabat) f

كَتَبْتُمَا‎ (katabtumā) mf

كَتَبَا‎ (katabā) m

كَتَبَتَا‎ (katabatā) f

كَتَبْنَا‎ (katabnā) mf

كَتَبْتُمْ‎ (katabtum) m

كَتَبْتُنَّ‎ (katabtunna) f

كَتَبُوا‎ (katabū) m

كَتَبْنَ‎ (katabna) f

3.2. Passive voice

The past indicative or perfect of the regular Arabic verbs in the passive voice is formed with the root of the verb plus the suffixes ﺖُ... (...tu), ﺖَ... (...ta), ﺖِ... (...ti), ﹷ... (...a), ﹷﺖ... (...at), ﺘُﻤَﺎ... (...tumā), ﺎ... (...ā), ﹷﺘَﺎ... (...atā), ﻨَﺎ... (...nā), ﺘُﻢ... (...tum), ﺘُﻦﱠ... (...tunna), ﹹﻮﺍ... (...ū), نَ... (...na). The first ﹷ (a) of the active voice changes to ﹹ (u) and the second ﹷ (a) changes to ﹻ (i) in the passive voice:

كَتَبَ kataba (write)

كُتِبْتُ‎ (kutibtu) mf

كُتِبْتَ‎ (kutibta) m

كُتِبْتِ‎ (kutibti) f

كُتِبَ (kutiba) m

كُتِبَتْ‎ (kutibat) f

كُتِبْتُمَا‎ (kutibtumā) mf

كُتِبَا‎ (kutibā) m

كُتِبَتَا‎ (kutibatā) f

كُتِبْنَا‎ (kutibnā) mf

كُتِبْتُمْ‎ (kutibtum) m

كُتِبْتُنَّ‎ (kutibtunna) f

كُتِبُوا‎ (kutibū) m

كُتِبْنَ‎ (kutibna) f

5. Subjunctive

5.1. Active voice

The subjunctive of Arabic regular verbs is formed with the root of the verb plus the prefixes and suffixes ...أَ (ʾa...), ...ﺗﹷ (ta...), ﺗﹷ...ي (ta...ī), ...ﻴﹷ (ya...), ...ﺗﹷ (ta...), ﺗﹷ...ﺎ (ta...ā), ﻴﹷ...ﺎ (ya...ā), ﺗﹷ...ﺎ (ta...ā), ...ﻧَ (na...), ﺗﹷ...ﻮ (ta...ū), ﺗﹷ...نَ (ta...na), ﻴﹷ...و (ya...ū), ﻴﹷ...نَ (ya...na). The forms ending in the vowel ُُ- (-u) in the non-past indicative change to َ- (a) in the subjunctive:

كَتَبَ kataba (write)

أَكْتُبَ‎ (ʾaktuba) mf

تَكْتُبَ‎ (taktuba) m

تَكْتُبِي‎ (taktubī) f

يَكْتُبَ‎ (yaktuba) m

تَكْتُبَ‎ (taktuba) f

تَكْتُبَا‎ (taktubā) mf

يَكْتُبَا‎ (yaktubā) m

تَكْتُبَا‎ (taktubā) f

نَكْتُبَ‎ (naktuba) mf

تَكْتُبُوا‎ (taktubū) m

تَكْتُبْنَ‎ (taktubna) f

يَكْتُبُوا‎ (yaktubū) m

يَكْتُبْنَ‎ (yaktubna) f

5.2. Passive voice

The subjunctive of Arabic regular verbs in the passive voice is formed with the root of the verb plus the prefixes and suffixes ...أُ (ʾu...), ...ﺗُ (tu...), ﺗُ...ي (tu...ī), ...ﻴُ (yu...), ...ﺗُ (tu...), ﺗُ...ﺎ (tu...ā), ﻴُ...ﺎ (yu...ā), ﺗُ...ﺎ (tu...ā), ...ﻧُ (nu...), ﺗُ...ﻮ (tu...ū), ﺗُ...نَ (tu...na), ﻴُ...و (yu...ū), ﻴُ...نَ (yu...na). The forms ending in the vowel ُُ- (-u) in the non-past indicative of the passive voice change to َ- (a) in the passive subjunctive:

كَتَبَ kataba (write)

أُكْتَبَ‎ (ʾuktaba) mf

تُكْتَبَ‎ (tuktaba) m

تُكْتَبِي‎ (tuktabī) f

يُكْتَبَ‎ (yuktaba) m

تُكْتَبَ‎ (tuktaba) f

تُكْتَبَا‎ (tuktabā) mf

يُكْتَبَا‎ (yuktabā) m

تُكْتَبَا‎ (tuktabā) f

نُكْتَبَ‎ (nuktaba) mf

تُكْتَبُوا‎ (tuktabū) m

تُكْتَبْنَ‎ (tuktabna) f

يُكْتَبُوا‎ (yuktabū) m

يُكْتَبْنَ‎ (yuktabna) f

6. Jussive

6.1. Active voice

The jussive of regular Arabic verbs is formed with the root of the verb plus the prefixes and suffixes ...أَ (ʾa...), ...ﺗﹷ (ta...), ﺗﹷ...ي (ta...ī), ...ﻴﹷ (ya...), ...ﺗﹷ (ta...), ﺗﹷ...ﺎ (ta...ā), ﻴﹷ...ﺎ (ya...ā), ﺗﹷ...ﺎ (ta...ā), ...ﻧَ (na...), ﺗﹷ...ﻮ (ta...ū), ﺗﹷ...نَ (ta...na), ﻴﹷ...و (ya...ū), ﻴﹷ...نَ (ya...na). The forms ending in the vowel ُُ- (-u) in the non-past indicative lose this vowel in the jussive:

كَتَبَ kataba (write)

أَكْتُبْ‎ (ʾaktub) mf

تَكْتُبْ‎ (taktub) m

تَكْتُبِي‎ (taktubī) f

يَكْتُبْ‎ (yaktub) m

تَكْتُبْ‎ (taktub) f

تَكْتُبَا‎ (taktubā) mf

يَكْتُبَا‎ (yaktubā) m

تَكْتُبَا‎ (taktubā) f

نَكْتُبْ‎ (naktub) mf

تَكْتُبُوا‎ (taktubū) m

تَكْتُبْنَ‎ (taktubna) f

يَكْتُبُوا‎ (yaktubū) m

يَكْتُبْنَ‎ (yaktubna) f

6.2. Passive voice

The jussive of regular Arabic verbs in the passive voice is formed with the root of the verb plus the prefixes and suffixes ...أُ (ʾu...), ...ﺗُ (tu...), ﺗُ...ي (tu...ī), ...ﻴُ (yu...), ...ﺗُ (tu...), ﺗُ...ﺎ (tu...ā), ﻴُ...ﺎ (yu...ā), ﺗُ...ﺎ (tu...ā), ...ﻧُ (nu...), ﺗُ...ﻮ (tu...ū), ﺗُ...نَ (tu...na), ﻴُ...و (yu...ū), ﻴُ...نَ (yu...na). The forms ending in the vowel ُُ- (-u) in the non-past indicative of the passive voice lose this vowel in the passive jussive:

كَتَبَ kataba (write)

أُكْتَبْ‎ (ʾuktab) mf

تُكْتَبْ‎ (tuktab) m

تُكْتَبِي‎ (tuktabī) f

يُكْتَبْ‎ (yuktab) m

تُكْتَبْ‎ (tuktab) f

تُكْتَبَا‎ (tuktabā) mf

يُكْتَبَا‎ (yuktabā) m

تُكْتَبَا‎ (tuktabā) f

نُكْتَبْ‎ (nuktab) mf

تُكْتَبُوا‎ (tuktabū) m

تُكْتَبْنَ‎ (tuktabna) f

يُكْتَبُوا‎ (yuktabū) m

يُكْتَبْنَ‎ (yuktabna) f

7. Imperative

The imperative is formed by deleting the prefix ...ﺗﹷ (ta...) of the second person singular of jussive and adding the suffixes -ø, -ي (-ī), -ﺎ (-ā), -ﻮ (-ū), -نَ (-na). If this form begins with two consonants, the prefix -اِ (i) or -اُ (u) is added:

كَتَبَ kataba (write)

اُكْتُبْ‎ (uktub) m

اُكْتُبِي‎ (uktubī) f

اُكْتُبَا‎ (uktubā) mf

اُكْتُبُوا‎ (uktubū) m

اُكْتُبْنَ‎ (uktubna) f

8. Participle

8.1. Active voice

The active participle is formed with the root of the verb plus the vowels ا...ـِ (ā...i):

كَتَبَ kataba (write)

كَاتِب‎ (kātib)

8.1. Passive voice

The passive participle is formed with the root of the verb plus the affixes ﻣﹷ...ﻮِ (ma...ū). Other passive participles are formed with the prefix ...ﻣﹹ (mu...) and replacing the last vowel with an ﹻ (i):

كَتَبَ kataba (write)

مَكْتُوب‎ (maktūb)

9. Verbal noun

Nouns derived from Arabic verbs can be formed in several ways. They are unpredictable and must be memorized by heart. Many verbs have more than one form:

كَتَبَ kataba (write)

كِتَابَة (kitāba)

كَتْب (katb)

كِتَاب‎ (kitāb)

100 VERBS

1 أَجَابَ (ʾajāba) (answer)

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2 أَحَبَّ (ʾaḥabba) (love)

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3 أَحْضَرَ (ʾaḥḍara) (bring)

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