Dari / Pashto Phrasebook for Military Personnel

By Robert F. Powers

A Dari / Pashto phrasebook for military personnel serving in Afghanistan. Contains 3512 English phrases, 2083 terms and 3031 individual word listings with their equivalents in Dari (red font) and Pashto (blue font). Intended for operations, training, basic conversation and everyday use. Includes 8 appendices and a map of Afghanistan.

• Language: English
• Publisher: BookBaby
• Release date: Jan 21, 2013
• ISBN: 9781929482139

Book preview

Dari / Pashto

Phrasebook

for

Military Personnel

Revised EPUB E-book version

Rodnik Publishing Company

Seattle, Washington, USA

2013

Dari / Pashto Phrasebook for Military Personnel

Revised EPUB E-book version

Compiler. . . . . . . . . . Robert F. Powers

Dari translators . . . . .Mir Abdul Zahir Sahebi

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wali Shaaker

Pashto translator. . . .Javed Momand

Dari editor . . . . . . . . .Edris Nawin

Pashto editor. . . . . . .Subhan Fakhrizada

Technical editor . . . . Olga Kravtsova

Published by. . . . . . . Rodnik Publishing Company

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P.O. Box 46956, Seattle, WA 98146

Copyright ©2013 by Rodnik Publishing Company

Cover design by Paramjeet Singh.

All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by xerography, microfilm, photostat, or any other means, without written permission from the publisher.

All brand names and product names used in this book are trade-marks, registered trademarks or trade names of their respective holders.

ISBN (13-digit:) 978-1929482139

"We consider this our duty, to defend humanity against

the scourge of intolerance, violence and fanaticism."

Ahmad Shah Massoud (1953-2001)

Table of Contents

NOTE : TO FIND A MAIN WORD IN THE PHRASEBOOK, TYPE AN ASTERISK * IN SEARCH AND THEN THE FIRST 2-5 LETTERS OF THE MAIN WORD OR THE ENTIRE MAIN WORD.

Introduction

How to Use the Phrasebook

Abbreviations Used in the Dictionary

English-Dari-Pashto Phrasebook

A a

B b

C c

D d

E e

F f

G g

H h

I i

J j

K k

L l

M m

N n

O o

P p

Q q

R r

S s

T t

U u

V v

W w

X x

Y y

Z z

Appendix 1: Phonetic Alphabet for Dari

Appendix 2: Phonetic Alphabet for Pashto

Appendix 3: Dari Grammar

Appendix 4: Pashto Grammar

Appendix 5: Numbers

Appendix 6: Clock Time

Appendix 7: Calendar Time

Appendix 8: Metric Measurements

Appendix 9: Map of Afghanistan

INTRODUCTION

The main goal of this phrasebook is to provide essential words, terms and phrases in Dari and Pashto to assist U.S. and NATO military personnel in communicating with the Afghan people in various situations. The phrasebook primarily focuses on expressions applicable to tactical operations, but also contains a wealth of vocabulary for both duty purposes and normal social conversation.

A prominent feature of this phrasebook is that it is quick and easy to find what you want to say. Phrases and terms are grouped under their key words, and the key words are in alphabetical order. If you have a particular phrase or term in mind, you go to its key word, the same as you would in a dictionary, and the chances are good that you will find it there.

It is our sincere hope that this phrasebook will help you in the performance of your missions and in day-to-day living by providing the language elements you need to communicate with the Afghan people.

How to Use the Phrasebook

Main words

All phrases and terms in the phrasebook are grouped under the "main words, which they contain. For example, the phrase Where are the mines?" is listed under the main word "mine. Terms are mostly listed by their noun component. For example, the term smoke grenade is listed by its noun (main word) grenade. Some terms, however, are listed by both their nouns and adjectives, as for example, every day, which is listed under both every and day".

Asterisks

In front of each main word there is an asterisk *, which must be typed when searching for the word. Without the asterisk, the search results will produce ALL occurrences of the word.

Dari and Pashto equivalents of the English

The Dari equivalents (translations) of the English entries are given first in red font, followed by the Pashto equivalents in blue font. To familiarize yourself with the phonetic systems used for each in this phrasebook, please refer to the appendices on pages 241-242.

Dari and Pashto pronunciation

Our phonetic systems for Dari and Pashto pronunciation are the best that we could devise to give you, the English-speaking user, a close and unambiguous approximation of the sounds of the words. Unfortunately, it is quite inexact to do this by means of the familiar letters of the English alphabet. Therefore, to obtain the true pronunciation in Dari or Pashto, we recommend that, when possible, you seek the assistance of native speakers.

Words in the phonetic pronunciation are sometimes divided by hyphens to avoid combinations such as sh, th and zh when they are intended to be pronounced separately, not together.

Parts of speech

Each listed main word is followed by its abbreviated part of speech, such as n for noun, vt for verb transitive, etc. (See "Abbreviations Used in the Dictionary")

Tilde substituting main word

For all terms, a tilde ~ substitutes for the main word of the term. For example, under the main word hand, "left hand" is listed as left ~. Similarly, "hold up" under the main word hold is given as ~ up.

Slash = or

Throughout the phrasebook a slash / is used to mean "or, i.e., that you can choose one or the other. The choices are numbered, in parentheses. Hence, in the English phrase group You’re my (1) guest. / (2) guests., you can choose to say You’re my guest. or You’re my guests."

In some cases, three dots follow the last numbered part or all of the numbered parts to ensure clarity when the parts share common ending words. For example, in the group "May I photograph (1) her? / (2) him? / (3) it? / (4) them? / (5) you? Äyä mey-tawänam az (1) o zan / (2) o mard / (3) een / (4) änhä / (5) shomä… a’ks bardäree konam? | Äyä za k-a walëy sham da (1) haghy khazi / (2) hagha sare / (3) da di / (4) haghoe / (5) stäso… ‘aks wäkhlam?", the last (fifth) Dari and Pashto choices have three dots following them, so that the user will know that the ending group applies to all of the parts. If no dots follow the numbered words, all words that follow the last word in the series are applicable to any of the words in the series.

Parentheses = optional

Words or parts of phrases (not italicized) in parentheses are optional. Hence, in the phrase "There is (no) water ([3] here / [4] there). ([3] Eenjä / [4] Änjä) äb mowjod ast (/ neest). | ([3] Dalt-a / [4] Halt-a) aoba (ne)shta.", you could include or omit the words (no), (here) and (there) in English, Dari and Pashto. In a very few cases, an English word in parentheses is optional in English, but has no counterpart in Dari or Pashto: the phrase in Dari or Pashto will be the same either way.

Polite and familiar forms of words

In Dari and Pashto there are polite and familiar forms of you, which are reflected in the verb endings for each. In this phrasebook, most you phrases are in the polite form, but commands use the familiar form.

Dari and Pashto usage

In using this phrasebook, please bear in mind that the Dari and Pashto phrases in many cases represent the best translation we could provide of the English phrases and, although they should be easily understood by Afghans, they are not necessarily what Afghans themselves would think of to say for those particular ideas

Military commands and ranks

Since Pashto is the language of the Afghan National Army, most military commands and ranks do not have Dari equivalents.

Note: Not all meanings are given for all words. That is beyond the scope of this phrasebook.

Abbreviations Used in the Dictionary

abbrev. . . . . . . . . .abbreviation

adj. . . . . . . . . . . . .adjective

admin . . . . . . . . . .administration

adv . . . . . . . . . . . .adverb

arty. . . . . . . . . . . . artillery

automot . . . . . . . . automotive

aux v. . . . . . . . . . . auxiliary verb

bat . . . . . . . . . . . . battery

bldg . . . . . . . . . . . building

Brit. . . . . . . . . . . . British

bsns . . . . . . . . . . . business

chem. . . . . . . . . . . chemical

colloq. . . . . . . . . .colloquial

comm . . . . . . . . . .communications

comp. . . . . . . . . . .computers

conj. . . . . . . . . . . .conjunction

const . . . . . . . . . . .construction

dept. . . . . . . . . . . .department

docs. . . . . . . . . . . .documents

elec . . . . . . . . . . . .electrical

equip. . . . . . . . . . .equipment

F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . feminine

gen. . . . . . . . . . . . general

gen. . . . . . . . . . . . general

geogr. . . . . . . . . . .geographical

govt. . . . . . . . . . . .government

gp. . . . . . . . . . . . . group

instr . . . . . . . . . . . instrument

interj. . . . . . . . . . . interjection

km. . . . . . . . . . . . . kilometer(s)

lang. . . . . . . . . . . . language

M . . . . . . . . . . . . . .masculine

m&f. . . . . . . . . . . . masculine & feminine

mach . . . . . . . . . . . machinery

math. . . . . . . . . . . . mathematics

mech . . . . . . . . . . . .mechanical

med . . . . . . . . . . . . .medical

mgmt . . . . . . . . . . . .management

mil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . military

msg. . . . . . . . . . . . . .message

n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .noun

naut. . . . . . . . . . . . . .nautical

opp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . opposite

org. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .organization; organized

pharm . . . . . . . . . . . .pharmaceutical

photog. . . . . . . . . . . .photography

phys . . . . . . . . . . . . . physical

pl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . plural

pol: . . . . . . . . . . . . . .polite

polit . . . . . . . . . . . . . political

poss . . . . . . . . . . . . . possessive

pp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . past participle

prep . . . . . . . . . . . . . preposition

pron . . . . . . . . . . . . . pronoun

qty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . quantity

rd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .road

rr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . railroad

s.o. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . someone

s.th. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .something

svc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .service

tel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . telephone

temp. . . . . . . . . . . . . .temperature

transp . . . . . . . . . . . . transportation

trd nm . . . . . . . . . . . . trade name

TV. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .television

univ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .university

US . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . United States

veh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vehicle

vi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . verb intransitive

vt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . verb transitive

www. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wide World Web

A a

*abdomen n shekam, baten | kheṯa, nas

*about adv 1. (approximately) taqreeban, takhmeenan, nazdeek-e- | taqriban, nezhde; 2. (concerning) dar bära-e- | pa bӓra ke

About – face! (command) (Pashto only) Shä gerz!

*above prep bälä-e- | pӓss, porta

*accelerator n (automot.) akseletar | akseletar, gaṟandȳ kawunkȳ

*accident n hädesa, tasädom | pekha

bad ~ hädesa-e-kharäb | kharӓba pekha, bada pekha

car ~ tasädom-e-motar | da moṯar pekha

traffic ~ hädesa-e-taräfeekee | tarӓfiki pekha

*accurate adj drost, daqeeq | drost, daqiq

*acetylene torch sho’la-e-asetleen | da asitlin sho’la

*ache vi dard kardan | dard kawal

Does it ache (here)? Äyä dard mey-konad (eenjä)? | Äyä (dӓ zӓy) dard kawi?

Where does it ache? Kojä dard mey-konad? | Kum zӓy dard kawi?

*across prep ba taraf-e-, az taraf-e- | pa taraf da, taraf da

*address n ädras | ӓdras

*adjust vt mezan kardan | barӓ bara wal

*administration, city edärah-e-shahr | da khär edära

*admiral n janral | bahri janräl

*advice n mashwara | mashwara

get ~ mashwara greftan | mashwara akhistal

give ~ mashwara dädan | mashwara war kawal

good ~ mashwara-e-khob | kha mashwara

*Afghan n afghän | afghän

*Afghan(i) adj afghänee | afghäne

*afraid adj tarsän, tarsenda. | ḏӓr shawȳ, weredalȳ

Don‘t be afraid. Natarsed. | Ma werega.

*afternoon n ba’d az zohr, a’ser | mӓspakhin

in the ~ dar ba’d az zohr | pa mӓspakhin ke

this ~ een a’ser | dӓ mӓspakhin

tomorrow ~ fardä a’ser | sabӓ mӓspakhin

yesterday ~ a’ser-e-rooz-e-gozashta | parun mӓspakhin

*afterwards adv pas az än | pas la haghe, worosta tar haghe

*again adv dobära | yaw zal biӓ

*age n sen | ‘mr

What‘s your age? Sen-e-shomä chand ast? | Tsumra ‘mr dȳ da stӓ?

What‘s his age? Sen-e-o mard chand ast? | Tsumra ‘mr dȳ da hagha?

What‘s her age? Sen-e-o zan chand ast? | Tsumra ‘mr dȳ da haghe?

*agency n nemäyenda-gee | namӓyendagi, ӓzhӓns tsӓnga

government ~ nemäyanda-gee-e-dow-latee | dawlati namӓyendagi

non-governmental ~ nemäyenda-gee-e-ghayr-e-dowlatee | ghaere dawlati namӓyendagi

travel ~ nemäyanda-gee safar | da safar nomäyendagi

*agent n 1. (person) nemäyenda | namӓyenda; 2. (substance) mäda | mäda

biological ~ mäda-e-beeyoloozheekee | biӓlozhiki mӓda

chemical ~ mäda-e-keemyäwee | kimyӓwi mӓda

cleaning ~ mäda-e-päk-konenda | pӓk kawunke mӓda

*ago adj (or adv) peysh, qabel | makhke, pakhwӓ

a few minutes ~ chand daqeeqa peysh | yaw tso daqiqe makhke

a half hour ~ neem sä-a’t peysh | nim sӓ‘t makhke

a little while ~ chandee peysh, chandee qabel | lag makhke

an hour ~ yak sä’at qabel | yaw sӓ‘t makhke

a week ~ yak hafta qabel | yawa hafta makhke

a month ~ yak mä qabel | yawa miӓsht makhke

long ~ modat-e-zeeyädee qabel | pakhwӓ, ḏer makhke

not long ~ chand waqt peysh, chand waqt qabel | ḏer makhke na

How long ago? Cheqadar modat peysh? | Tsumra makhke?

*agree vi mawäfeq bodan | mawӓfeqa laral

Do you agree? Äyä shomä mawäfeq hasted? | Äyӓ ta mawӓfeqa lare?

I (don’t) agree. Man mawäfeq hastam (/ neestam). | Za mawӓ-feqa (na) laram.

*ahead adv peysh | makhke, parmakh

Go ahead! Befarmayed! | Parmakh wlӓr sha!

*aid n komak | mrasta

first ~ komak-e-awalya | lomranay mrasta

give first ~ komak-e-awalya dädan | lomrane mrästa war kawal

(1) He / (2) She needs first aid. (1) O mard / (2) O zan ba komak-e-awalya zaroorat därad. | Hagha (1) saṟe / (2) khaza... lomranay mraste ta zarurat lari.

*aidman n kärmand-e-sehee | sihi mrastandoe

*AIDS abbrev bemäree eeds | aidz maraz

*aim n neshän, hadaf | nakha, hadaf

Take good aim. Neshän-e-khoob beegeered. | Kha nakha wanisa.

*air n hawä | hawӓ

by ~ az tareeq-e-hawä | da hawӓ la lӓre

Air Force qowäy-e-hawayee | hawäyi quwäwe

fresh ~ hawä-e-täza | taza hawӓ

in the ~ dar hawä | hawӓ ke

You‘ll leave (soon) by air. Shomä (ba zoodee) az tareeq-e-hawä khähed raft. | Tӓso ba (ḏer zhar) wolӓṟ shay da hawӓ la lӓre.

Supplies will come by air. Ekmälät az tareeq-e-hawä khähad ämad. | Ekmӓlӓt ba da hawӓ la lӓre rӓshi.

*airbase n paygah-e-hawayee | hawӓyi maedӓn, hawӓyi hadӓ

*airborne adj hawa bord, enteqal hawayee | pa parwӓz ke

*air-conditioned adj hawäy mohtadel shoda, mohtadel shoda | mo’tadela shawe hawӓ, mo’tadel shawȳ

*aircraft n tayära, hawapayma | alutaka

cargo ~ tayära-e-bärbaree | bar warunke alutaka, cargo alutaka

med-evac ~ hawapayma takhleeya bemaran | da marizäno da enteqӓl alutaka

*aircrew n räkebeen-e-tayära | da alutake parsunal

*airdrop n partäb (az hawä) | la hawӓ tsakha rӓ wledana

~ of food partäb-e-mawäd-e-ghezähyee | la hawӓ tsakha da khwaro rӓ wledana

*airfield n maydän-e-hawäyee, forodgä | hawӓyi ḏagar, hawӓyi maedӓn

*airlift n enteqäl zareeha-e-hawä | da hawӓ la lӓre enteqӓl

*airlift vt az tareeq-e-hawä enteqäl dädan | da hawӓ la lӓre enteqӓla wal

They will airlift it here. Änhä een rä eenjä enteqäl khähad dädand. | Haghoi ba hagha dalta da hawӓ la lӓre enteqӓl kri.

They will airlift it there. Änhä een rä änjä enteqäl khähad dädand. | Haghoi ba hagha halta da hawӓ la lӓre enteqӓl kri.

They will airlift them here. Änhä änhä rä eenjä enteqäl khähad dädand. | Haghoi ba haghoi dalta da hawӓ la lӓre enteqӓl kri.

They will airlift them there. Änhä änhä rä änjä enteqäl khähad dädand. | Haghoi ba haghoi halta da hawӓ la lӓre enteqӓl kri.

*airline n khat-e-hawäyee | hawäyi karkha

*airman n ‘askare qoowäyee hawäyee | hawäyi ‘askar

*airplane n tayära, hawapyama | alutaka, jahӓz

*airport n maydän-e-hawäyee, forodgä | hawӓyi ḏagar / maedӓn

(1) Drive / (2) Take me to the airport. (1) Beräned / (2) Bobareed man rä ba maydän-e-hawäyee. | Mä hawӓi dagar ta (1) boza. / (2) warwala.

(1) Drive / (2) Take him to the airport. (1) Beräned / (2) Bobareed o mard rä ba maydän-e-hawäyee. | Hagha sare hawӓi dagar ta (1) boza. / (2) warwala.

(1) Drive / (2) Take her to the airport. (1) Beräned / (2) Bobareed o zan rä ba maydän-e-hawäyee. | Hagha khaza hawӓi dagar ta (1) boza. / (2) warwala.

(1) Drive / (2) Take it to the airport. (1) Beräned / (2) Bobareed een rä ba maydän-e-hawäyee. | Dä hawӓi dagar ta (1) boza. / (2) warwala.

(1) Drive / (2) Take us to the airport. (1) Beräned / (2) Bobareed mä rä ba maydän-e-hawäyee. | Mung hawӓi dagar ta (1) boza. / (2) warwala.

(1) Drive / (2) Take them to the airport. (1) Beräned / (2) Bobareed änhä rä ba maydän-e-hawäyee. | Haghoi hawӓi dagar ta (1) boza. / (2) warwala.

*airstrike n hamla-e-hawäyee | hawäyi brid, hawäyi yarghal

We’ll call in an airstrike. Baräy e hamla-e-hawäyee mokhäbera meykonem. | Mung ba hawäyi brid räwa ghwäro.

*alarm n hoshdär, zang | zang, tälay

false ~ hosh-där-e-eshtebahey, zang-e-droogheen | ghalat zang

fire ~ zang-e- khatar-e-hareeq | da aor da khatar zang

alert adj hoshyär | chamto

Stay alert. Hoshyär based. | Chamto wosa.

*alive adj zenda | zhwande

Is anybody alive? Äyä kasee zenda ast? | Äyä sok zhwandȳ dȳ?

Is he alive? Äyä o mard zenda ast? | Äyä hagha sare zhwandȳ dȳ?

Is she alive? Äyä o zan zenda ast? | Äyä hagha khaza zhwandae da?

He’s alive. O mard zenda ast. | Hagha zhwandȳ dȳ.

She’s alive. O zan zenda ast. | Hagha zhwandae da.

Are they alive? Äyä änhä zenda hastand? | Äyä haghoi zhwandi di?

They’re alive. Änhä zenda hastand. | Haghoi zhwandi di.

*all adj hama, tamäm | tola, tol

~ of them tamäm-e-änhä | haghoi tol

~ of us tamäm-e-mä | mung tol

~ of you tamäm-e-shomä | täso tol

at ~ aslan, abadan | aslan, wasa pore

(1,2) Is that all? (1) Äyä hamen bod? / (2) Äyä hameen ast? | (1) Äyä tol hamdä wa? / (2) Äyä tol hamdä di ?

(1,2) That’s all. (1) Hameen bod. / (2) Hameen ast. | (1) Tol dädi. / (2) Tol hamdä wa.

*alley n kocha, gozar | tanga kotsa

*all right beesyär khoob, khoob, drost ast | kha, sahi da, sama da

(1-3) All right! (meaning Very good!) (1) Beesyär khoob! / (2) Khoob! / (3) Drost ast! | (1) Der kha! / (2) Kha!

Are you all right? Äyä shomä khob hasted? | Äyä ta kha ye?

I’m all right. (Man) khoob hastam. | Za kha yam.

That’s all right, don’t worry about it. Kämelan drost ast, tashwesh nadäshta bashed. | Sahi da, tashwish makawa.

*almost adv taqreeban | taqriban, nezhde

*also adv ham, hamchenän, neez | ham, hamdäse, hamdä ranga

*altogether adv dar majmo’ | pa majmo’ ke, tol

*always adv hameesha | tal, hamesh

*ambulance n ämbolans | amboläns

Call an ambulance! Ba ämbolans zang bezaned! | Amboläns ta zang wa waha!

*ambush n kameen | kamin

*America n amreekä | Amrikä

*American adj amreekäyee | amrikäyi

*American n amreekäyee | amrikäyi

I’m an American. Man yak ämrekäyee astam. | Za yaw amrikäyi yam.

We’re Americans. Mä ämrekäyee ästem. | Mung amrikäyän yo.

*ammunition n mohemät | mohemät

rifle ~ marmee tofang, shäjor-e-tofang | da topak marmay

unexploded ~ mohemät-e-enfejär näshoda | nä monfajer shawi mohemät

*among prep dar beyn-e-, dar ghatär-e- | pa manz ke, pa dala ke

*amount n meqdär, mablagh | meqdär, mablagh

large ~ meqdär-e-zeeyäd | der meqdär

small ~ meqdär-e-kam | lag meqdär

total ~ majmo’-e-mablagh, jam-e-kol | tol meqdär

What amount do you have? Chee mablagh-e-shomä däred? | Ta tsa meqdär lare?

What amount do you need? Chee mablagh-e-shomä zaroorat däred? | Ta tsa meqdär ta zarurat lare?

What amount do you want? Chee mablagh-e-shomä mey-khähed? | Ta tsa meqdär ghwäre?

What amount can you give us? Chee mablagh-e-mä rä däda mey-tawäned? | Tsomra meqdär mung ta räkawale she?

*analysis n tajzeya | tajzya

*analyze vt tajzeya kardan | tajzya kawal

*and conj wa | aw

*anesthesia n bey-hoshee, bey-hesee | be hoshi, be hesi

*angry adj qahr, ghazab | ghosa, qahar

Please don’t be angry. Lotfan qahr nabäshed. | Mehrabäni wakra ma khosa kega.

I’m not angry. Man qahr nestam. | Za pa qahar na yam.

We’re not angry. Mä qahr nestem. | Mung pa qahar na yo.

*ankle n bojolak (-e-päy) | da pkhe band

*announcement n khabar | khabar tiä, e’län

*another adj & pron (yak-)deegar, deegaree | bal, nor

*answer n jawäb | zawäb

*answer vt jawäb dädan | zawäb warka wal

Answer the question. Sawäl rä jawäb bedehed. | Pokhtane ta zawäb räkra.

*ants n,pl morcha-hä | migi

*antenna n äntan | äntan, päya

*antibiotic n zed-e-mekroob, (mawäd-e-)antee-beeoteek | zad da mekrob

*antidote n zahrmora, zahrdäroo | da zahro zad dawä, nosh däro

*antifreeze n mäda-e-zed-e-enjemäd | da yakh zad, da yakhnay zad

*antivenom, snake mär-e-bey zahr | be zahro mär

*any adj & pron 1. (positive) har | har; 2. (negative) heech | hits

I don’t have any. Man hech nadäram. | Za nor hits na laram.

We don’t have any. Mä hech nadäreem. | Mung nor hits na laro.

*anybody pron har kas, kasee | kum tsok, tsok

Is anybody (still) there? Äyä kodäm kasee (tä-fe’lan) änjä ast? | Äyä kum tsok (tar osa) halta shta?

Is anybody home? Äyä kodäm kasee khäna ast? | Äyä kum tsok kor ke shta?

Is anybody hurt? Äyä kodäm kasee afgär ast? | Äyä kum tsok zakhmi dȳ?

Is anybody alive? Äyä kodäm kasee zenda ast? | Äyä kum tsok zhwandȳ dȳ?

Was anybody hurt? Äyä kodäm kasee zakhmee shoda bod? | Äyä kum tsok zakhmi dȳ?

Was anybody killed? Äyä kodäm kasee koshta shoda bod? | Äyä kum tsok mar dȳ?

Did you see anybody? Äyä shomä kodäm kasee rä deeded? | Äyä tä kum tsok wa lido?

*anything pron cheezee | kum she

Is anything broken? Äyä kodäm cheezee shekesta shoda ast? | Äyä kum she mät wo?

Is anything damaged? Äyä kodäm cheezee takhreeb shoda ast? | Äyä kum she takhrib wo?

Is anything lost? Äyä kodäm cheezee gom shoda ast? | Äyä kum she wrak wo?

Is anything missing? Äyä kodäm cheezee farämoosh shoda ast? | Äyä kum she her wo?

Is anything wrong? Äyä kodäm cheezee eshtebä shoda ast? | Äyä kum she ghalat wo?

Did you hear anything? Äyä shomä kodäm cheezee rä shoneeded? | Äyä tä kum she wäwredo?

Did you notice anything? Äyä shomä kodäm cheezee rä motawaje shoded? | Äyä tä kum she not kro?

Did you see anything? Äyä shomä kodäm cheezee rä deedeed? | Äyä tä kum she wa lido?

*anytime adv har waqt | har wakht

*anywhere adv harjä | har zäy

Don’t go anywhere. Jäyee narawed. | Cherta wlär nashe.

*apartment n apärtomän | apärtmän

*apologize vi ma’zrat khästan | bakhana ghokhtal

I apologize. Man ma’zrat mey-khäham. | Bakhana ghwäram.

I apologize for what I did. Man ma’zrat mey-khäham baräy-e-änche ke man anjäm dädam. | Bakhana ghwäram hagha tsa che mä wa kra.

I apologize for what I said. Man ma’zrat mey-khäham baräy-e-änche ke man goftam. | Bakhana ghwäram hagha tsa che mä wa wȳl.

*apology n ma’zrat | bakhana, ’ozar

Please accept my apologies. Lotfan ma’zrat man rä bopazeered. | Mehrabäni wa kra zmä ’ozar wa mana.

I accept your apology. Man ma’zrat shomä rä mey-pazeeram. | Za stä ’ozar manam.

*apparatus n asbäb, lawäzem | asbäb, sämän

medical ~ asbäb-e-tebee | tibi asbäb

*application n (form) darkhäst | ’ariza, ghokhtan lik

*appreciate vt qader dädanee kardan | qadardäni kawal

I appreciate it (very much). Een rä (beesyär zeeyäd) qader dänee mey-konam. | Za da de na (der ziät) qadardän yam.

I appreciate your help (very much). Komak-e-shomä rä (beesyär zeeyäd) qader dänee mey-konam. | Za stäso da mraste. na (der ziät) qadardän yam.

*approval n tasdeeq näma | tasdiq näma

government ~ mawä-feqat-e-dowlat | hokumati tasdiq

He has to get approval. O mard tasdeeq näma bäyad badast ärad. | Hagha sare bäyed da tasdiq näma wäkhli.

He has to get her approval. O mard tasdeeq näma ash rä bäyad badast ärad. | Hagha sare bäyed da haghe tasdiq näma wäkhli.

He has to get his approval. O mard tasdeeq näma ash rä bäyad badast ärad. | Hagha sare bäyed da hagha tasdiq näma wäkhli.

He has to get their approval. O mard tasdeeq näma shän rä bäyad badast ärad. | Hagha sare bäyed da haghoi tasdiq näma wäkhli.

She has to get approval. O zan tasdeeq näma bäyad badast ärad. | Hagha khaza bäyed da tasdiq näma wäkhli.

She has to get her approval. O zan tasdeeq näma ash rä bäyad badast ärad. | Hagha khaza bäyed da haghe tasdiq näma wäkhli.

She has to get his approval. O zan tasdeeq näma ash rä bäyad badast ärad. | Hagha khaza bäyed da hagha tasdiq näma wäkhli.

She has to get their approval. O zan tasdeeq näma shän rä bäyad badast ärad. | Hagha khaza bäyed da haghoi tasdiq näma wäkhli.

You have to get approval. O zan tasdeeq näma bäyad badast äred. | Täso bäyed da tasdiq näma wäkhlay.

You have to get her approval. O zan tasdeeq näma ash rä bäyad badast äred. | Täso bäyed da haghe tasdiq näma wäkhlay.

You have to get his approval. O zan tasdeeq näma ash rä bäyad badast äred. | Täso bäyed da hagha tasdiq näma wäkhlay.

You have to get their approval. O zan tasdeeq näma shän rä bäyad badast äred. | Täso bäyed da haghoi tasdiq näma wäkhlay.

*approximate adj taqreebee, nazdeek | taqribi, nazhde

*approximately adv taqreeban, takhmeenan | taqriban, takhminan

*April n mäh-e-apreel | aprel miäsht (See Calendar Time appendix)

*Arab n a’rab | ‘arab

Was he Arab? Äyä o a’rab bod? | Äyä hagha ‘arab wo?

Were they arabs? Äyä änhä a’rab bodand? | Äyä haghoi ‘arabän wa?

*Arabic adj a’rabee | ‘arabi

*Arabic n (lang.) zabän-e-a’rabee | ‘arabi zhaba

Can you read Arabic? Äyä shomä a’rabee khända mey-tawäned? | Äyä ta ‘arabi lwastale she?

Can you speak Arabic? Äyä shomä a’rabee