Dutch Verbs (100 Conjugated Verbs)

By Karibdis

Especially written for electronic devices, Dutch verbs has an introduction to the formation of all verbal tenses in Dutch, as well as 100 essential verbs fully conjugated with their meaning. This book allows the user to search in all the text because it has no images or vanishing or unreadable text.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Karibdis
• Release date: Sep 13, 2020
• ISBN: 9781005438098

Book preview

Especially written for electronic devices, Dutch verbs has an introduction to the formation of all verbal tenses in Dutch, as well as 100 essential verbs fully conjugated with their meaning. This book allows the user to search in all the text because it has no images or vanishing or unreadable text.

Karibdis

Dutch verbs

100 verbs series - Volume 14

First edition

Karibdis 06.09.20

Original title: Dutch verbs

© Karibdis, 2020

Cover design: Karina Martínez Ramírez

Vector cover image: Creative_hat / Freepik

Digital editor: Karibdis

First edition: September 2020

All rights are reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission. The unauthorized reproduction of this copyrighted work is illegal. No part of this book may be scanned, uploaded or distributed via the internet or any other means, electronic or print, without the publishers permission.

If you find any misprint, mistake or typo in this book and you want to communicate it to us, please write us at the following email: [e-mail] or www.karibdis.com. We will be very pleased to receive your comments, doubts or other observations in order to make this book better.

DUTCH VERBS

1. Introduction

Dutch language belongs to the Germanic languages like English, German and Swedish. The main features of the Dutch language are:

mood: indicative, conditional, imperative

tense: present, past, future

person: first, second, third

number: singular, plural

voice: active, passive, reflexive

2. Classification of verbs

Dutch verbs are divided into two groups, according to the formation of the past and the past participle:

Weak or regular verbs: the vowel of the root does not change

Strong or irregular verbs: the vowel of the root changes

3. Present indicative

The present indicative of Dutch verbs is formed with the infinitive of the verb plus the endings -ø, -t, -t, -en, -en, -en:

WERKEN (work)

werk

werk-t

werk-t

werk-en

werk-en

werk-en

Is the root ends in -t, there is no ending in the second and third person singular:

BIJTEN (bite)

bijt

bijt

bijt

bijt-en

bijt-en

bijt-en

The root of many verbs changes according to the phonetic rules of Dutch:

maken (make): maak, maakt, maakt, maken, maken, maken

stoppen (stop): stop, stopt, stopt, stoppen, stoppen, stoppen

durven (dare): durf, durft, durft, durven, durven, durven

reizen (travel): reis, reist, reis, reizen, reizen, reizen

geloven (believe): geloof, gelooft, gelooft, geloven, geloven, geloven

lezen (read): lees, leest, leest, lezen, lezen, lezen

The irregular verbs are:

doen (do): doe, doet, doet, doen, doen, doen

gaan (go): ga, gaat, gaat, gaan, gaan, gaan

hebben (have): heb, hebt, heeft, hebben, hebben, hebben

komen (come): kom, komt, komt, komen, komen, komen

kunnen (can): kan, kan / kunt, kan / kunt, kunnen, kunnen, kunnen

mogen (may): mag, mag, mag, mogen, mogen, mogen

slaan (hit): sla, slaat, slaat, slaan, slaan, slaan

staan (stand): sta, staat, staat, staan, staan, staan

zien (see): zie, ziet, ziet, zien, zien, zien

zijn (be): ben, bent, is, zijn, zijn, zijn

zullen (will): zal, zal / zult, zal / zult, zullen, zullen, zullen

4. Compound past

The compound past indicative of all verbs is formed with the auxiliary verb hebben (have) in present indicative plus the past participle of the main verb:

WERKEN (work)

heb gewerkt

hebt gewerkt

heeft gewerkt

hebben gewerkt

hebben gewerkt

hebben gewerkt

There is a group of intransitive verbs which form the compound tenses with the auxiliary verb zijn (be). Some of these verbs are beginnen (begin), blijken (appear), blijven (stay), gaan (go), groeien (grow), komen (come), rijzen (rise), sterven (die), stoppen (stop), vallen (fall), verdwijnen (disappear), vertrekken (leave), worden (become), zijn (be):

GAAN (go)

ben gegaan

bent gegaan

is gegaan

zijn gegaan

zijn gegaan

zijn gegaan

5. Past

The past indicative of weak verbs is formed with the root of the verb plus the endings -de, -de, -de, -den, -den, -den:

WANDELEN (walk)

wandel-de

wandel-de

wandel-de

wandel-den

wandel-den

wandel-den

Another group of weak verbs (those whose root finishes in -t, -k, -f, -s, -ch, -p) forms the past indicative with the root of the verb plus the endings -te, -te, -te, -ten, -ten, -ten:

WERKEN (work)

werk-te

werk-te

werk-te

werk-ten

werk-ten

werk-ten

The past indicative of strong verbs is irregular (see the list of strong verbs):

ZIEN (see)

zag

zag

zag

zagen

zagen

zagen

6. Pluperfect

The pluperfect indicative of all verbs is formed with the auxiliary verb hebben (have) in the past plus the past participle of the main verb:

WERKEN (work)

had gewerkt

had gewerkt

had gewerkt

hadden gewerkt

hadden gewerkt

hadden gewerkt

Some intransitive verbs as beginnen (begin), blijken (appear), blijven (stay), gaan (go), groeien (grow), komen (come), rijzen (rise), sterven (die), stoppen (stop), vallen (fall), verdwijnen (disappear), vertrekken (leave), worden (become), zijn (be) form the pluperfect with the auxiliary verb zijn (be) in the past plus the past participle of the main verb:

GAAN (go)

was gegaan

was gegaan

was gegaan

waren gegaan

waren gegaan

waren gegaan

7. Future

The future indicative of all verbs is formed with the present indicative of the auxiliary verb zullen (—) plus the infinitive of the main verb:

WERKEN (work)

zal werken

zal werken

zal werken

zullen werken

zullen werken

zullen werken

8. Compound future

The compound future indicative of all verbs is formed with the auxiliary verb hebben (have) in future plus the past participle of the main verb:

WERKEN (work)

zal hebben gewerkt

zal hebben gewerkt

zal hebben gewerkt

zullen hebben gewerkt

zullen hebben gewerkt

zullen hebben gewerkt

Some intransitive verbs as beginnen (begin), blijken (appear), blijven (stay), gaan (go), groeien (grow), komen (come), rijzen (rise), sterven (die), stoppen (stop), vallen (fall), verdwijnen (disappear), vertrekken (leave), worden (become), zijn (be) form the compound future with