Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2016

By Asian Development Bank

The 47th edition of this series, includes the latest available economic, financial, social, and environmental indicators for the 48 regional members of the Asian Development Bank. It presents the latest key statistics on development issues concerning the economies of Asia and the Pacific to a wide audience, including policy makers, development practitioners, government officials, researchers, students, and the general public. Part I of this issue presents the current status of economies of Asia and the Pacific with respect to the Sustainable Development Goals based on selected indicators from the global indicator framework. Part II comprises statistical indicators that capture economic, financial, social, and environmental developments. Part III presents key statistics and stylized facts on the phenomenon of global value chains.

• Language: English
• Publisher: Asian Development Bank
• Release date: Nov 1, 2016
• ISBN: 9789292576301

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KEY INDICATORS FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC 2016

47TH EDITION

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO)

© 2016 Asian Development Bank

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Some rights reserved. Published in 2016.

Printed in the Philippines.

ISBN 978-92-9257-629-5 (Print), 978-92-9257-630-1 (PDF)

Publication Stock No. FLS168387-2

Cataloging-In-Publication Data

Asian Development Bank.

Key indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2016.

Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2016.

1. Economic indicators. 2. Financial indicators. 3. Social indicators. 4. Energy and environmental indicators. 5. Sustainable development goals. 6. Infrastructure indicators. 7. Governance indicators. I. Asian Development Bank.

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Foreword

The Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2016 (Key Indicators 2016), the 47th edition of this series, includes the latest available economic, financial, social, and environmental indicators for the 48 regional members of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). Part I presents the current status of economies of Asia and the Pacific with respect to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) based on selected indicators. Part II comprises statistics on economic, financial, social, and environmental dimensions of development. In Part III, statistics generated by ADB on the participation of selected Asian economies in global value chains are showcased.

The SDGs were launched at the United Nations General Assembly in September 2015 as a universal plan of action for ending poverty, protecting the planet, and ensuring that all people enjoy peace and prosperity. They comprise 17 goals, 169 targets, and 230 indicators. Part I of this publication presents a snapshot of Asia and the Pacific by using data for selected SDG indicators. The discussion is organized into five themes—People, Planet, Prosperity, Peace, and Partnership—each of which presents a brief analysis of key trends for selected indicators highlighting the region’s status with respect to the SDGs. The analyses suggest that although Asia and the Pacific had an impressive scorecard with respect to the Millennium Development Goals, much needs to be done to address various aspects of sustainable development. Part I also discusses the data gaps in official statistics for tracking the SDGs, and opportunities and challenges that big data—the data that arise from people’s transactions with digital technologies—present in the compilation of official statistics.

Regional tables in Part II present statistical indicators across eight themes: People; Economy and Output; Money, Finance, and Prices; Globalization; Transport and Communications; Energy and Electricity; Environment; and Government and Governance. The data reinforce the message of Asia and the Pacific’s growing importance in the world. The region now accounts for roughly 55% of the global population, 40% of global gross domestic product (in purchasing power parity terms), and about a third of the world’s merchandise exports. However, this growing importance is accompanied by issues that need to be addressed. About 1.2 billion people in Asia and the Pacific are still living on less than $3.10 per day, a poverty line more typical of national poverty lines in low and middle income countries than the $1.90 per day poverty line meant to capture extreme poverty. The region now consumes two-fifths of the world’s energy, continues to increase its emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants, and faces increasing traffic congestion and rising consumption of scarce resources.

In recognition of the importance of in-depth trade statistics, Part III presents a number of key statistics related to global value chains generated by ADB for selected economies of Asia and the Pacific. These statistics were first introduced in the 2015 edition of Key Indicators. In an economic environment increasingly characterized by globally distributed production processes, these measures complement the traditional trade statistics and capture the essence of cross-economy production arrangements. With trade in intermediate goods and services accounting for more than half of all international trade, these statistics will be useful for analysts seeking to illuminate policy and research issues.

The online version of this publication is complemented by a suite of country tables for our 48 regional member countries containing information on a wide range of statistical indicators on population, labor force, national accounts, production and price indexes, energy, money and banking, government finance, external trade, balance of payments, international reserves, exchange rates, and external indebtedness. This year, data on the labor force and national accounts have been updated to provide more disaggregated data across economic sectors consistent with the United Nations System of National Accounts 2008. Balance-of-payments data have also been updated in line with the sixth edition of the International Monetary Fund’s Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual.

We appreciate the continued cooperation of our statistical partners in regional member countries and international agencies for providing us the most recent official data on a variety of indicators. We hope Key Indicators will remain a valuable resource for information on development issues and data for a wide variety of audiences, including policy makers, development practitioners, government officials, researchers, students, and the general public. As always, we welcome feedback from our users on both the content and structure of the publication (which can be e-mailed to [e-mail]).

Takehiko Nakao

President

Acknowledgments

The Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2016 (Key Indicators 2016) was prepared by the Development Economics and Indicators Division (ERDI) of the Economic Research and Regional Cooperation Department (ERCD) of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), under the overall supervision of Rana Hasan.

Contributions from ERCD’s statistical partners—regional members and international organizations—who shared their data for the statistical tables on the Sustainable Development Goals Indicators (Part I), regional tables (Part II), global value chains (Part III), and country tables are greatly appreciated. ADB resident missions in Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, the People’s Republic of China, Georgia, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Viet Nam provided support in compiling the data from their respective countries. ADB’s Japanese Representative Office, Pacific Liaison and Coordination Office, Philippines Country Office, Pacific Subregional Office, and Timor-Leste Resident Mission also provided help in data compilation. We also appreciate the continuing cooperation of the governments and other international agencies.

The statistical tables including the country tables were prepared by ERDI staff and consultants under the general guidance of Kaushal Joshi, Mahinthan Joseph Mariasingham, Arturo Martinez Jr., and Lakshman Nagraj Rao with the technical assistance of Pamela Lapitan, Melissa Pascua, and Eric Suan. The research team included Raymond Adofina, Kristine Faith Agtarap, Glenita Amoranto, Nalwino Billones, Eileen Capilit, Clemence Fatima Cruz, Mario Ilagan, Cindy Justo, Jude David Roque, Magnolia San Diego, Iva Sebastian, Orlee Velarde, and Priscille Villanueva. Proofreading of statistical tables was done with the assistance of Ma. Roselia Babalo, Aileen Gatson, and Oth Marulou Gagni. The analysis of Sustainable Development Goals indicators was prepared by Erniel Barrios, Arturo Martinez Jr., and Lakshman Nagraj Rao while analysis of regional trends was done by Kevin Donahue, Arturo Martinez Jr., and Lakshman Nagraj Rao. Kaushal Joshi, Mahinthan Joseph Mariasingham, Arturo Martinez Jr., and Lakshman Nagraj Rao reviewed the statistical tables and analytical reports. Zhigang Li and Mahinthan Joseph Mariasingham, in collaboration with Pamela Bayona, Carlos Vincent Chua, Paul Feliciano, Amador Foronda, Janine Elora Lazatin, Julieta Magallanes, Resi Olivares, and Irene Talam, produced statistical tables on global value chains. The global value chains data development project benefited considerably from the feedback provided by Valerie Mercer-Blackman, Niny Khor, Woori Lee, Zhi Wang, and Chenying Yang. Kae Sugawara copyedited the statistical tables and analytical write-up. Cherry Lynn Zafaralla proofread the publication.

Rhommell Rico designed the cover and graphics for the publication, led the typesetting process, and provided technical support for the preparation of all dissemination materials. Joe Mark Ganaban and Joseph Manglicmot assisted in typesetting. The Office of Information Systems and Technology staff provided database management and technology support, while the Logistics Management Unit of the Office of Administrative Services facilitated the timely and smooth production of the Key Indicators 2016. The publishing team of the Department of External Relations (DER) conducted overall compliance check. We also thank Erik Churchill and Karen Lane, assisted by the DER staff, for organizing the dissemination activities.

Juzhong Zhuang

Deputy Chief Economist and

Deputy Director General

Contents